global history practice questions

Cross Topical: Question 1 of 41

In the Ancient Kingdom of Mali and in the Roman Republic, an

important feature of life was the development of

1. codified laws 2. social and political equality 3. the Islamic religion 4. agricultural communes

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: The Twelve Tables of Law from Rome and the

establishment of codified law by Mansa Musa in Mali were both

important developments in these societies.


Which statement best explains the periods of the Gupta Empire of

India, the Golden Age of Greece, and the Renaissance in Italy?

1. the winning of a war often inspires scientific and artistic achievement

2. a combination of wealth and a time of relative peace often leads to cultural achievement

3. a dictatorship usually encourages cultural growth and development

4. periods of censorship are needed for a nation to achieve cultural and scientific greatness


Explanation: Times of peace allow societies to create great works

and trade with their neighbors. This trade usually results in the

accumulation of wealth and the exchange of ideas which allows for

the development and adoption of new innovations.


One way in which Medieval European society, Latin American

colonial society, and society in Imperial China were similar is that

each

1. placed great value on public education 2. experienced a surplus of skilled labor 3. was organized according to a rigid class structure 4. de-emphasized the role of religion


Explanation: All of these societies were contained rigid class

structures that were nearly impossible to circumvent.


Which idea did Napoleon Bonaparte, Sun Yat-Sen, and Simone

Bolivar have in common?

1. divine right 2. nationalism 3. totalitarianism 4. nonviolence


Explanation: Each of these men caused nationalism to develop in

their respective country or region; Napoleon in early 1800s France, Bolivar in early 1800s Latin America, and Sun Yat-Sen in early 1900s China.


Eighteenth-century Russia and nineteenth-century Japan were

similar in that both countries

1. began the process of modernization after a long period of isolation

2. developed democratic governments after years under absolute monarchies

3. refused to accept western technological ideas 4. adopted socialist economic systems after capitalism had

failed


Explanation: Throughout the 1700s, both Peter the Great and Catherine the Great did much to modernize Russia by adopting

ideas from the European Renaissance from which Russia had been

isolated. Similarly, the Japanese Meiji Restoration rapidly

industrialized Japan after the American Commodore Matthew Perry

displayed industrial military power to convince the Japanese to open

their ports to trade.


Until the 1500s, China and Japan were similar in that both

1. were invaded by the Mongols 2. welcomed Christian Missionaries 3. had little contact with Western European nations 4. were developing democratic traditions


Explanation: Both China and Japan practiced isolationism until the

1500s when Christian missionaries from Europe entered both countries.


During the Middle Ages, Europeans did not eat potatoes or corn

because these vegetables

1. were forbidden by the Catholic Church for religious reasons 2. had not yet been introduced to Europe from the New World 3. were believed to be poisonous 4. were too expensive to import from China


Explanation: Potatoes and corn were brought to Europe by

explorers returning from the Americas during the Age of

Exploration which came after the Middle Ages.


One way in which Medieval European society, Latin American

colonial society, and society in Imperial China were similar is that

each

1. placed great value on public education 2. experienced a surplus of skilled labor 3. was organized according to a rigid class structure 4. de-emphasized the role of religion


Explanation: All three of these societies had rigid class structures

in which one was born into their social status with very few

opportunities to advance socially.


The societies of traditional China, Feudal Japan, and Czarist Russia

were all characterized by

1. a rigid class structure 2. much interaction with other cultures 3. great economic change 4. rapidly changing social values


Explanation: All three of these societies had rigid class structures

in which one was born into their social status with very few



One similarity between the decline of the Roman Empire and the

fall of the Manchu Dynasty was that both initially led to

1. improved economic conditions 2. democratically elected governments 3. political chaos and decentralization of government 4. major accomplishments in art, science, and technology


Explanation: After the Roman Empire fell in 476 CE, Europe was

plunged into an extended period of feudalism which lasted nearly

1,000 years. When the Mancu Dynasty fell in 1911, China was ruled

by local warlords until Mao Zedongs communist victory in 1949.


The Japanese feudal system and the Hindu caste system are similar

in that both systems

1. promoted social mobility 2. developed a rigid class structure 3. encouraged the people to take part in government 4. resulted in economic opportunities for the lower classes


Explanation: Both of these societies had rigid class structures in

which one was born into their social status with very few



Eighteenth-century Russia and nineteenth-century Japan were

similar in that both countries

1. began the process of modernization after a long period of isolation

2. developed democratic governments after years under absolute monarchies

3. refused to accept western technological ideas 4. adopted socialist economic systems after capitalism had

failed


Explanation: Because of geographic isolation, Russia did not take

part in the European Renaissance and did not begin to modernize

until the reigns of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great in the

1700s. Japan refused to allow European trade beginning in 1639. This foreign policy made it impossible for the Japanese to take part

in the Industrial Revolution which started in Europe. Japans rapid industrialization began with the Meiji Restoration in 1868.


Changes in Russia under Peter the Great were most similar to

changes that occurred in

1. China before the Opium War 2. Japan during the Meiji Restoration 3. Iran after the fall of Shah Pahlevi 4. France during the feudal period


Explanation: Because of geographic isolation, Russia did not take

part in the European Renaissance and did not begin to modernize

until the reigns of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great in the

1700s. Japan refused to allow European trade beginning in 1639. This foreign policy made it impossible for the Japanese to take part

in the Industrial Revolution which started in Europe. Japans rapid industrialization began with the Meiji Restoration in 1868.


The Tamils in Sri Lanka, the Sikhs in India, and the Zulus in South

Africa have all attempted to

1. establish colonies in Asia 2. practice passive resistance 3. achieve political separatism 4. encourage mercantilism


Explanation: As independence swept across the former European

colonies, many minority groups within these new nations sought

independence for themselves. This has led to turmoil and violence.


Which was characteristic of France under Napoleons rule and Germany under Hitlers rule?

1. democratic ideas and diversity were encouraged 2. authoritarian control and a strong sense of nationalism

prevailed

3. peaceful relations with neighboring countries wee fostered 4. artistic and literary freedom flourished


Explanation: Both Hitler and Napoleon encouraged nationalism

among their citizens, while retaining absolute control of the

government.


A study of the French Revolution and the Russian Revolution of

1917 would lead to the conclusion that

1. revolutions only occur when a majority of citizens become directly involved

2. university students are most often responsible for starting revolutions

3. control of revolutions often shifts from moderates to radicals 4. revolutions seldom result in long-term changes


Explanation: Both revolutions went through a moderate phase

before coming under control of a more radical element. The radical

phase of a revolution is generally characterized by widespread

violence.


The French Revolution, the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, and the

Communist Revolution in China were similar in that all three

1. brought about few political changes 2. were influenced by the peasants desire for more land 3. were inspired by Marxism 4. were supported primarily by the nobility


Explanation: All three revolutions were successful due to

enormous support of the peasant class. Peasants in each nation

supported the revolution in hopes of gaining land for farming and

habitation.


The ancient Greek city-state of Sparta and the Soviet Union under

Stalin were similar in that both societies

1. were primarily concerned with the health of their people 2. were powerful military states 3. granted universal suffrage to their people 4. placed great emphasis on literature and the arts


Explanation: Both Sparta and the Soviet Union under Stalin had

government systems that attempted to control all aspects of the lives

of their citizens. Both maintained this control through the use of a

strong military.


In China, the building of the Great Wall, the use of the tribute

system, and the governments support of the Boxer Rebellion are examples of attempts by different dynasties to limit

1. foreign influence 2. nationalism 3. communist expansion 4. industrialization


Explanation: China has maintained a policy of cultural

isolationism. They have used various tools to limit incoming

cultural diffusion.


The French Revolution of 1789 and the Cuban Revolution of 1959

were similar in that both were caused primarily by the

1. desire of the people to be free from foreign rule 2. pressure of religious leaders for government reform 3. failure of the government to meet the needs of the people 4. ambition of the upper class to attain wealth and property


Explanation: The French Revolution started because the

government was unresponsive to the problems of the majority of the

people, such as poverty and hunger. The Cuban Revolution, started

by Fidel Castro, was a response to the oppressive and corrupt

government of Fulgencio Batista.


The philosophies of Confucius and Mao Zedong both emphasized

1. individual rather than cooperative gain 2. industry rather than agriculture 3. group rather than individual welfare 4. religious values rather than economic profits


Explanation: Both Confucius and Mao Zedong promoted the idea

of group welfare above individual desire.


Japan during the Meiji Restoration was similar to Japan after World

War II in that during these periods Japan

1. pursued a foreign policy of isolationism and limited political freedoms

2. reduced the powers of the Emperor and the nobility 3. underwent political reform and economic expansion 4. was ruled by dictators and the military


Explanation: Both time periods represent a radical change in

government, followed by an economic boom.


Since the late 1940s, India, Northern Ireland, and Israel have faced the common problem of

1. adjusting to a post-Communist political and economic system

2. continued violent confrontations between different religious groups

3. economic depression as a result of rapid industrialization 4. uncertainty of their acceptance by the European Community


Explanation: All three nations are inhabited by diverse ethnic and

religious groups. This has led to violence repeatedly since the

1940s.


The events that led to the overthrow of Czar Nicholas II in 1917 and

to the forced resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991 show that

1. economic crises often lead to political change 2. Russian absolutism continued into the 1990s 3. international conflicts often strengthen the power of leaders 4. Russia is an ethnically unified nation


Explanation: Russia was facing severe economic problems in both

time periods. This type of problem often results in a change in

government.


Events in both Eastern Europe in the early 1900s and in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s were mainly the result of

1. movements toward the repression of individual rights 2. declines in the use of advanced technology 3. the influence of religion on government

4. challenges by ethnic groups desiring independence


Explanation: Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union are

inhabited by diverse ethnic and religious groups. This has led to

violence in the past as each group sought autonomy and self

determination.


During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Soviet Union experienced ethnic tensions that were most similar to those

experienced by

1. Japan in the early 17th century 2. Austria-Hungary in the late 19th century 3. Spain in the mid-18th century 4. Cuba in the late 20th century


Explanation: The former Soviet Union and the old Austria-

Hungary Empire were inhabited by diverse ethnic and religious

groups. This often led to violence in the past as each group sought

independence and self determination.


The Holocaust in Europe and the actions of the Khmer Rouge in

Kampuchea (Cambodia) were similar in that they were examples of

1. Interdependence 2. Segregation 3. Genocide 4. Empathy


Explanation: The Holocaust was the systematic murder of the

Jewish population in Europe by the Nazis. The Khmer Rouge also

practiced a policy of genocide, killing millions in Cambodia during

the 1970s.


One similarity between Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro is that they

1. achieved their goals through the use of peaceful resistance 2. worked to protect citizens rights to freedom of expression 3. considered capitalism to be the best economic system 4. led revolutionary movements that established communist

governments


Explanation: Mao Zedong led a revolution in the 1930s and 1940s which established a communist government in China. The revolution, started by Fidel Castro, established communism in Cuba

in 1959. Both communist governments exist today.


Germany Will Make Reparations For WWI OPEC Supports Oil Embargo Against Western Nations UN Imposes Sanctions on Iraq

Which conclusion can be drawn from these headlines?

1. economic measures are often designed to achieve political goals

2. communism as an economic system has failed 3. economic policies are often formulated to encourage

investment

4. nationalism plays a small role in economic decisionmaking


Explanation: The use of economic sanctions has been a effective

political tool for many nations.


A study of the policy of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and the Holocaust in Europe would suggest that

1. world opinion is effective in stopping genocide 2. countries generally use reason and negotiation in dealing

with important ethnic issues

3. anti-Semitism and ethnic hatred remain powerful forces in the 20th century

4. military leaders cannot be held responsible for acts committed during wartime


Explanation: Intolerance of other ethnic and religious groups has

led to devastating violence in the 20th century. This continues to be

a problem today, as evidenced by recent events in Bosnia and

Rwanda.


Which factor has most limited the development of national unity in

India, Lebanon, and Bosnia-Herzegovina?

1. lack of natural resources 2. inability to end colonialism 3. religious and ethnic differences 4. rapid growth of industry


Explanation: All three regions are inhabited by diverse ethnic and

religious groups. This has limited the development of national unity

in these areas, and has often led to violence.


Both the Chinese Mandate of Heaven and the Japanese belief that

the Emperor descends from the Sun Goddess are similar to the

1. master race theory of Adolf Hitlers Third Reich 2. natural rights theory of the Age of Reason 3. divine right theory of the French monarchy 4. Marxist theory of a workers revolution


Explanation: The Chinese Mandate of Heaven and the Japanese

belief in the divinity of its Emperor are most similar to Frances divine right theory, which states that a King rules by right of being

chosen by God.


One way in which the caste system and apartheid were similar is

that both

1. described specific religious practices and beliefs 2. supported a rigid class structure 3. were created by British colonial governments 4. gave power to the lower classes in their respective societies


Explanation: The Hindu Caste system divided society up into many

castes, each with its own rights and duties. Apartheid divided South

African society between whites and blacks. Black South Africans

enjoyed fewer rights and faced constant discrimination and

segregation.


Within their respective nations, both Ho Chi Minh and Fidel Castro

achieved their goals by

1. seeking aid and support from the European Union 2. using armed conflict to bring a communist government to

power

3. following a policy of nonalignment 4. working to build a capitalist system


Explanation: Ho Chi Minh led the violent revolution that created a

communist regime in Vietnam. Fidel Castro was the leader of a

communist revolution in Cuba.


One way in which the Meiji Restoration in Japan and the Golden

Age of India are similar is that in each region these events led to

1. the persecution of minority peoples 2. periods of rapid change 3. the rise of feudalism as the dominant political system 4. governments ruled by absolute monarchs


Explanation: The Meiji Restoration in Japan resulted in a radical

change in government, and the rapid industrialization of the country.

The Golden Age of India under the Gupta regime brought many

advancements in such areas as science and technology.


The Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China

were similar in that both were

1. attempts to improve foreign trade 2. nonviolent resistance efforts 3. revolts against foreign influence 4. revolutions against traditional monarchs


Explanation: The Sepoy Rebellion was a revolt against British

authority in India. The Boxer Rebellion was a similar revolt against

British imperialist policy in China.


Suleiman held complete religious and political power. Charles I

stormed the English Parliament. Peter the Great expanded serfdom

in Russia. The actions of these leaders reflect the concept of

1. scientific theory 2. natural rights 3. mercantilism

4. absolutism


Explanation: Suleiman, Charles I of England, and Peter the Great

of Russia all were absolute rulers. This term is defined as a ruler that

has complete control over both government and society in their

country.


What would a study of the recent civil wars in Cambodia, Bosnia-

Herzegovina, and Rwanda show about these conflicts?

1. Ethnic conflict was not a factor in the late 20th century. 2. The United Nations was successful in resolving these

disputes.

3. Genocide was used as a political and military tactic. 4. Civilians were not affected by these disputes.


Explanation: Genocide was a tool used in all three countrys civil wars. This resulted in the death of millions, and worldwide concern

over the use of such tactics.


A similarity of the goals of Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi

is that both leaders wanted to

1. secure political power for the majority of the people 2. encourage a greater degree of industrialization 3. improve the economy by expanding governmental control 4. gain independence from the Soviet Union


Explanation: Nelson Mandela fought to give rights to black South

Africans, the majority population, while Gandhi worked toward

ending British domination of India and restoring control back to the

majority natives.


Statement 1: This organization is created for the purpose of realizing the national ideal: the union of all Serbs.

Bylaws of the Black Hand

Statement 2: . . . people . . . would think themselves happier even under their bad government than they might be under the good

government of a foreign power.

Mohandas Gandhi,adapted from Indian Opinion, 1905

Statement 3:. . . above all, we want Germany to be considered one land and the German people one people.

Heinrich von Gagern, The Call for German Unity

Statement 4: We ardently wish to free Italy from foreign rule. We agree that we must put aside all petty differences in order to gain

this most important goal. We wish to drive out the foreigners not

only because we want to see our country powerful and glorious, but

also because we want to elevate the Italian people in intelligence

and moral development.

Count Camillo di Cavour, 18101861

Which idea is expressed by all the statements?

1. War is a means of achieving national policies. 2. Industrial growth is critical to a countrys prosperity. 3. Social class differences are the source of all conflicts. 4. Self-determination of the people is an important goal.


Explanation: Various movements throughout history have been

aimed at removing foreign control from a country. This is evidenced

by the examples listed above.


One way in which Simn Bolvar, Jomo Kenyatta, and Ho Chi Minh

are similar is that each leader

1. sought independence from colonial rule 2. ruled during a period of peace and prosperity 3. demanded human rights for all citizens 4. established a totalitarian government


Explanation: Simon Bolivar was an independence leader in Latin

America, Jomo Kenyatta did the same for Kenya, and Ho Chi Minh

in Vietnam.

History: Question 1 of 3

Which document is an example of a primary source?

1. a textbook on Russian history 2. an encyclopedia article on religions of the Middle East 3. a novel on the Age of Exploration 4. the diary of a survivor of a Nazi death camp


Explanation: A primary source is firsthand information about

people or events of the past, such as that found in a diary or a legal

document.


Which historical events are in the correct chronological order?

1. Crusades -> Renaissance -> Neolithic Revolution -> Roman Empire

2. Roman Empire -> Neolithic Revolution -> Crusades -> Renaissance

3. Renaissance ->Neolithic Revolution -> Crusades -> Roman Empire

4. Neolithic Revolution -> Roman Empire -> Crusades -> Renaissance


Explanation: The Neolithic Revolution caused the development of

agriculture and allowed humans to settle for the first time. The

Roman Empire was was one of the most expanisve human

civilizations ever recorded, but ended when tribes from Northern

Europe invaded and finally took over Rome. Pope Urban II then

launched the Crusades to kill all Muslims living in the Holy Land.

This encouraged cultural diffusion which led to the rebirth of

Europe, known as the Renaissance.


The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights Article from Mohandas Gandhis Indian Opinion Excerpt from the letters of Catherine the Great

These three documents are considered

1. secondary sources 2. examples of oral traditions 3. primary sources 4. statements of different religious beliefs


Explanation: A primary source is firsthand information about

people or events of the past, such as that found in a diary or a legal

document.

Geography: Question 1 of 31

Which statement best explains why most of the population of the

peoples Republic of China live in the eastern third of the nation?

1. best agricultural land is in the East 2. largest forests are in the East 3. best fishing areas are off the eastern coast 4. largest oil deposits are in the East


Explanation: The coastal region of China contain the best

agricultural lands as well as access to the Pacific Ocean, making it

much easier to live on than the interior of the country which is

dominated by deserts and other harsh geographic features.


Which is an accurate statement about Japans natural resources?

1. Japan has extensively used the seas for fishing 2. large reserves of petroleum are located in the northern part

of Japan

3. Japan has large fertile plains suitable for growing grain 4. large coal and iron-ore deposits are located in the mountain

region


Explanation: The Japanese archipelago has very limited natural

resources. By far, the most abundant natural resources available to

the Japanese is that which can be harvested from the surrounding

ocean.


In Japan, a major economic problem has been the lack of

1. natural resources 2. investment capital 3. skilled labor 4. experienced management


Explanation: The Japanese archipelago has very limited natural

resources, which is the primary barrier to economic development

there.


Which statement best describes an effect that geography has had on

Japan?

1. Japans smooth coastline has prevented the development of a fishing industry

2. Japans large plains have made wheat growing a primary industry

3. the lack of important natural resources has led Japan to

depend on trade with other nations

4. the location of Japan has encouraged great ethnic diversity within the nation


Explanation: Besides what is available from the sea, there are very

few natural resources available to Japan. Japanese manufacturing is

heavily dependent on importing natrual resources which are then

converted into products such as automobiles, electronics, and steel.


Both Japan and Indonesia are made up of a chain of islands called

1. an archipelago 2. a peninsula 3. a delta 4. an atoll


Explanation: An archipelago is defined as a chain of islands, which

describes Japan and Indonesia perfectly.


The term Latin America most accurately refers to the

1. areas of the Western Hemisphere south of the United States 2. countries that belong to the Organization of American States 3. continents of North and South America 4. countries that have close economic ties with Spain


Explanation: The term Latin America refers to the cultural region south of the United States. During the 1500s,Central and

South America were taken over by Spain and Portugal, and as a

result Spanish and Portuguese are the dominant languages and

Roman Catholicism is practiced by most of the people living there

today.


Which generalization about geography of Latin America is

accurate?

1. geographic features prevented foreign imperialism 2. harsh climatic conditions have prevented the development of

large-scale agriculture

3. the lack of geographic barriers facilitated the development of transportation and communication systems

4. great variations in latitude and landforms resulted in a diversity of climates


Explanation: Latin America stretches from the Rio Grande River,

continues past the Equator, and finally ends just north of Antarctica.

Latin America also contains a variety of landforms including the

Andes Mountains, the Amazon River Basin, Brazilian Highlands,

and various deserts. Due to the variations in latitude and landforms,

Latin America contains several different types of climate such as

humid sub-tropical, humid continental, as well as dry desert regions.


Which geographic factor has had the most influence on Poland's

historical and cultural development?

1. a severe climate 2. vast deposits of oil 3. location on the great European Plain 4. a rugged coastline


Explanation: Throughout history, Poland has been an invasion

route for invading armies entering and leaving Europe because its

location on the great European Plain provides is easier to get

through than treading over highlands or mountains.


Which of these nations is located closet to the Philippines, Malaysia,

and Indonesia?

1. Korea 2. Vietnam 3. Somalia 4. Pakistan


Explanation: While Korea and Vietnam are both located in

Southeast Asia, Vietnam is much closer to the Philippines,

Malaysia, and Indonesia. Somalia is located on the Horn of Africa,

and Pakistan is located near India in South Asia.


One effect that mountain ranges, rain forests, and river systems have

had on Latin America has been to

1. encourage cultural diffusion 2. limit the development of transportation and communication

systems

3. permit the nations of the area to use a single form of government

4. allow the development of large amounts of arable land


Explanation: These natural resources have made it difficult to

develop transportation and communication systems because of the

costs associated with building infrastructure in areas with dense

vegetation, steep elevations, and rivers that are barely navigable.


In addition to providing water for Indian agriculture, the Ganges

River remains important to India because it is

1. the only source of Indian hydroelectric power 2. a sacred river for the Hindu population 3. the birthplace of Hindu culture 4. an unofficial boundary between the Hindus and Muslims


Explanation: Bathing in the Ganges river is said to wash away sins,

and the river water is used in many religious rituals. Many Hindus

ask to be cremated along the Ganges and to have their ashes placed

in the river.


An effect of a mountainous topography on Inca and Chinese

civilizations was the development of

1. industrialization 2. single-crop economy 3. desalinization projects 4. terrace farming


Explanation: Terrace farming allows crops to be grown on the

sides of elevated terrain. This agricultural practice was widespread

among the Inca in the Andes Mountains and the early Chinese.


A major effect of geography on Japan is that the

1. export of oil has helped Japan maintain a favorable balance of trade

2. fertile plains have enabled Japan to keep food prices low 3. mountains have prevented invasions obey foreign nations 4. scarcity of natural resources has forced Japan to obtain raw

materials from other nations


Explanation: Japan has very few natural resources except the

surrounding seas. Therefore, Japan takes advantage of its irregular

coastline to promote trade with other countries. Raw materials are

imported to Japan, and then turned into consumer goods such as

automobiles and electronics, which are then exported to other

nations.


Which geographic factor has most strongly influenced Russias foreign policies and economic development?

1. lack of natural resources 2. vast desert regions 3. limited access to warm-water ports 4. extensive mountain ranges


Explanation: Historically, Russia has been land-locked due to the

fact that much of its water access is located in the northern part of

the country and is frozen for most of the year. This makes trading

difficult because ships cannot get through these frozen waters

safely. Events such as the Crimean War, in which Russia sought to

gain control of the Dardanelles Strait between the Black and Aegean

Seas, illustrates how this geographic factor has influenced Russias foreign policies.


Many people in Southeast Asia hope for the timely arrival of the

summer monsoons each year because

1. floods are the only way to water their farmlands 2. daily temperatures often reach 100 degrees Fahrenheit 3. little rain has fallen for many months 4. oases provide water for nomadic herders


Explanation: In monsoon climates, moisture-bearing winds reverse

direction once a year, creating a distinct wet season and a dry

season. Thus, the people of Southeast Asia hope for the timely

arrival of these seasonal rains in order to provide water for their

crops.


A topographical map would most likely be used to

1. identify the major agricultural products of Egypt 2. determine the population of Beijing, China 3. estimate the elevation of Bangkok, Thailand 4. count the number of provinces in India


Explanation: Topographical maps show the lay of the land, and

thus would be ideal for use in estimating the elevation of Bangkok,

Thailand.


On a map of the world, Asia is to Japan as Europe is to

1. Great Britain 2. the Netherlands 3. Austria 4. Italy


Explanation: Asia is a continental landmass, and Japan is an island

that is found just off the coast of Asia. In this same way Europe is a

continental landmass and Great Britain is an island just off the coast

of Europe.


The Russian steppe is most similar in topography to the

1. mountains in Switzerland 2. deserts in the Middle East 3. rainforests in South America 4. savannas in Africa


Explanation: The savannas in Africa and steppes of Russia are both

described as vast grassy plains.


Areas of Africa and parts of Siberia in Russia are often said to be

gems-in-the-rough because they have

1. extensive tracts of permanently frozen land 2. well-developed coastal fishing industries 3. many undeveloped natural resources 4. decreasing populations


Explanation: These locations have immense reserves of

undeveloped natural resources which are difficult to cultivate due to

their problematic geography.


In Africa, an effect of topography and climate has been to

1. encourage rapid industrialization of the interior 2. prevent the development of kingdoms 3. promote large-scale trade between African and Asia 4. promote the growth of diverse societies


Explanation: The various topographical and climactic features of

Africa (e.g., Sahara Desert) have isolated cultures and promoted the

growth of diverse societies.


The Suez Canal, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar are

important because they

1. prevent attacks on bordering nations 2. control access to vital trade routes 3. limit Russian access to warm-water points 4. prohibit the movement of ships carrying nuclear weapons


Explanation: Each of these geographic features are examples of

strategic waterways from around the world. They are strategic

because they provide access to vital trade routes.


Geographic diversity in the Middle East has contributed to

1. unequal standards of living 2. a common economic system 3. similar political systems 4. military alliances with Japan


Explanation: While some nations in the Middle East have large

reserves of oil, others do not, and therefore have little of value to

trade with the rest of the world.


The Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, and the Straits of the

Dardanelles are similar because they

1. are strategic waterways that have been the center of conflicts 2. was part of the French colonial empire 3. are located in regions that are rich in natural resources 4. prohibit the movement of ships carrying nuclear weapons


Explanation: Each of these geographic features are examples of

strategic waterways from around the world. They are strategic

because they provide access to vital trade routes.


The map shows that the

1. economies of all the regions of China are developing at the same rate 2. distribution of income in China is unequal 3. economies of the interior provinces of China are developing faster than those of the

coastal provinces

4. economic development in China is dependent upon the cash crops of Xinjiang and Tibet


Explanation: This map clearly shows that the distribution of income in China in unequal

because income tends to be greater near the coastline.


One factor that accounted for Chinese influence on traditional

Japanese culture was the

1. continuous warfare between the countries 2. geographic location of the countries 3. refusal of western nations to trade with Japan 4. annexation of Japan into the Chinese Empire


Explanation: The close proximity of China to Japan aided in

cultural diffusion between the two nations.


Throughout the 1800s, Russia was interested in acquiring Turkey mainly because Russia wanted

1. to maintain peace in the Middle East 2. access to the Mediterranean Sea 3. to reestablish the Byzantine Empire 4. the rich farmland of the Anatolian Plateau


Explanation: Historically, Russia has been land-locked due to the

fact that much of its water access is located in the northern part of

the country and is frozen for most of the year. This makes trading

difficult because ships cannot get through these frozen waters

safely. Events such as the Crimean War, in which Russia sought to

gain control of the Dardanelles Strait held by Turkey and located

between the Black and Aegean Seas, illustrates how this geographic

factor has influenced Russias foreign policies.


Which geographic factor has contributed most to the economic

growth of Japan, Egypt, and Great Britain?

1. variety of natural resources 2. reliable amount of rainfall 3. abundance of arable land

4. access to important waterways


Explanation: Access to important waterways, such as the Pacific

Ocean for Japan, the Nile River for Egypt, and the Atlantic Ocean

for Great Britain often leads to trade, an important factor in the

economic growth of these nations.


In which way have the Andes Mountains and the Amazon rain

forest affected the development of Latin America?

1. promoting international unity 2. increasing cultural diversity 3. encouraging trade agreements 4. strengthening political alliances


Explanation: Mountains and rainforests often provide a barrier to

cultural diffusion. This allows civilizations to develop independent

of others, and sometimes creates a sense of ethnocentrism.


Which geographic factor has helped China remain isolated for many

centuries?

1. many natural harbors 2. navigable river systems 3. severe climate 4. northern and western mountain ranges


Explanation: Mountains often provide a barrier to cultural

diffusion. This allows civilizations to develop independent of others,

and sometimes creates a sense of ethnocentrism.


Which statement best describes an impact of topography on eastern

Europe?

1. Many different languages, religions, and customs developed. 2. A Russian czar ruled the area as a single empire. 3. An extensive single-crop agricultural system emerged. 4. Neighbors who were more powerful could not invade the

region.


Explanation: Various geographical features, such as, rivers,

mountains, and plains, can cause civilizations to develop differently

depending on their needs for survival.


Which geographic factor was most important to the development of

the early river valley civilizations?

1. fertile soils 2. high mountains 3. vast deserts 4. smooth coastlines


Explanation: The fertile soils along the river valleys allowed the

early peoples to grow enough food to increase their population. This

in turn led to the creation of civilizations.

Economics: Question 1 of 20

Which factor contributes most to the recurring food shortages in

Africa?

1. poor distribution of agricultural products 2. extensive river systems 3. location between two major oceans 4. rainforest environment


Explanation: The poor distribution of agriculture resources causes

yearly food shortages in some parts of Africa.


Which condition is a major obstacle to economic development in the

Middle East and Northern Africa

1. use of strip mining to obtain minerals 2. reliance on capitalist economic systems 3. lack of access to world markets 4. scarcity of water resources


Explanation: The scarcity of water in these regions is a major

obstacle to economic development because it is essential for the

survival of humans and would be too costly to import.


Singapore and Hong Kong have become major economic powers by

taking advantage of their

1. abundant mineral resources 2. imported cheap labor from Japan 3. profits from agricultural surpluses 4. favorable location on international trade routes


Explanation: As coastal cities in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong and

Singapore have become major economic powers by providing

services needed to facilitate trade.


Throughout the 1800s, Russia was interested in acquiring Turkey mainly because Russia wanted

1. to maintain peace in the Middle East 2. access to the Mediterranean Sea 3. to reestablish the Byzantine Empire

4. the rich farmland of the Anatolian Plateau


Explanation: Russia was effectively land-locked because its only

access to ports was in arctic waters with ice that prevented shipping.

Thus, gaining warm-water ports has been a major influence on

Russian foreign policy because it would increase Russian trade.


Which conclusion can be drawn from the information in the chart?

1. Developing countries are instituting programs to limit the growth of their populations.

2. Infant mortality is a greater problem in Africa than in Asia. 3. The nations with relatively low birthrates have relatively

high per capita incomes.

4. The national birthrate is determined by many different factors.


Explanation: The Iron Law of Wages states that a low population

will mean a higher income as labor resources are more valuable.


A comparison of Japans policies before 1945 with the policies in effect after 1945 indicates that

1. reduction in spending on military goods leads to economic depression

2. dependence on foreign trade usually leads to a weakened national economy

3. territorial aggression is not necessary to secure national economic goals

4. democratic institutions hinder economic growth


Explanation: Japan has managed to build a thriving economy

without the need for the territorial acquisition policies they

exhibited before the end of World War II.


A study of Japans economy since World War II would lead to the conclusion that

1. a. government support of technological advances can improve a nations economic position

2. a. imperialism is necessary form the economic development of a nation

3. a. a communist system leads to economic prosperity 4. a. the feudal system is more economically productive than

the market system


Explanation: The Japanese government is very supportive of

industry. This partnership between government and business has

worked to build a very strong economy in Japan.


Which situation has contributed most to recent Japanese economic

growth?

1. The Japanese government has place limits on Japanese exports.

2. Japanese industries spend very little on the research and development of new products.

3. The Japanese government and Japanese businesses have cooperated with each other.

4. Japanese citizens save less of their incomes than the citizens of other industrialized nation do.


Explanation: The Japanese government is very supportive of

industry. This partnership between government and business has

worked to build a very strong economy in Japan.


The emergence of Japan as a world economic power has been based

mostly on Japans

1. development of nuclear power 2. abundance of fossil fuels 3. strong traditional of military rule 4. business enterprise and organization


Explanation: Japanese businesses are very well regulated and

organized. This has enabled them to out compete competitors

around the world and help build a very strong economy in Japan.


In recent years, which factor has been a major reason for the

economic tensions between the United States and Japan?

1. Japans trade deficit with the United States was very high 2. the United States refused to place quotas on Japanese goods 3. the United States imported more from Japan than it exported

to Japan

4. Japan lowered tariffs on goods imported from the United States


Explanation: The United States currently has a trade deficit with

Japan. This has caused some consumers in the U.S. to boycott

Japanese goods in favor of products made in the U.S.A..


Since World War II, people in both Africa and Latin America have

moved from rural to urban areas. The major cause of this movement

has been the

1. rejection of traditional custom 2. expectation of improved economic opportunities 3. guarantee of better housing 4. fear of civil war


Explanation: People in both regions have moved to the cities in

hopes of greater economic opportunities. This is known as

urbanization, and is common in many third world nations.


Which factor best accounts for the existence of cash-crop

production as a major form of agriculture in many Central American

nations today?

1. demand of world markets for such crops 2. lack of modern agricultural technology 3. inadequate supply of water and other natural resources 4. peasant ownership of most farmlands


Explanation: Many Latin American nations rely on one or two cash

crops as the basis of their economies. This is due to the demand of

the world market for such products, and the inability of Latin

America to attract sufficient capital investment for industrialization.


Economic development in Japan after World War II and in

Communist China since the 1980s is similar in that both nations have sought to

1. end foreign investment 2. develop their vast natural resources to achieve economic

growth

3. utilize the concepts of capitalism to improve their economies 4. nationalize most major industries and restrict competition


Explanation: Japan and China have nationalized most major

industries in an effort to limit foreign competition in their countries.


During the 1980s and 1990s, the economic policies of China, supported by Deng Xiaoping, have led directly to

1. an expansion of Chinas colonial empire 2. an increase in trade with the West 3. a return to a strict command economy 4. the success of the commune system


Explanation: During the 1980s and 1990s, China has opened its

markets to foreign trade, and began exporting a variety of products

to the world market.


Which statement best explains Chinas economic shift toward capitalism in the 1980s and early 1990s?

1. Chinas economic policies were directly influenced by the success of the Soviet economic system

2. the Tiananmen Square massacre resulted in major economic reforms in China

3. the success of the Cultural Revolution resulted in the increased westernization of China

4. communist economic policies were not meeting the needs of the society


Explanation: The shift to a more capitalistic economy has been due

to the dismal failure of communism as an economic system.


One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should

be

1. granted independence as soon as possible 2. considered an economic burden for the colonial power 3. encouraged to develop their own industries 4. acquired as markets and sources of raw materials


Explanation: Mercantilism is an economic system where a

countrys wealth is based upon exporting more products than it imports. To accomplish this, a country must have colonies to

provide raw materials, and also to provide a market for the finished

products.


Which statement best describes how a command economy

functioned in the Soviet Union?

1. The laws of supply and demand controlled the economy. 2. Trade policies mandated that imports exceed exports. 3. The success of the agricultural sector controlled the price of

manufactured goods.

4. A central authority determined the type and quantity of goods to be produced.


Explanation: A communist, or command economy, controls the

means of production by having governmental agencies involved in

production planning.


To maintain its economic position, Japan has often limited the

number of cars or the quantity of farm products that the United

States can sell in Japan. Japan has imposed these limits to develop

1. an equality-of-trade position 2. a favorable balance of trade 3. a more open market 4. a belief system


Explanation: Japan has limited the amount of products it imports

from the United States to protect its native industries. This has

created a favorable balance of trade for Japan.


The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the

1. Age of Exploration 2. Enlightenment 3. Cold War 4. Green Revolution



countrys wealth is based upon exporting more products than it imports. To accomplish this, a country must have colonies to

provide raw materials, and also to provide a market for the finished

products. This was the system in use during the Age of Exploration.


Statement A: The might of a country consists of gaining surpluses

of gold and silver.

Statement B: A nations strength is found in economic independence and the maintenance of a favorable balance of trade.

Statement C: We need to gain colonies both as sources for raw

materials and as markets for our manufactured goods.

Which economic system is being described by these statements?

1. traditional 2. feudal 3. command 4. mercantile



countrys wealth is based upon exporting more products than it imports, and maintaining surplus of gold and silver. To accomplish

this, a country must have colonies to provide raw materials, and also

to provide a market for the finished products. This was the system in

use during the Age of Exploration.

Political Science: Question 1 of 16

Which generalization about democracy is most valid?

1. democratic political systems require a highly industrialized society

2. democratic governments first evolved in North America 3. democratic governments prevent their citizens from traveling

abroad

4. democratic governments protect basic civil liberties


Explanation: Civil liberties are simply the rights held by citizens of

a nation. In order for a democracy to exist, civil liberties must be

protected to allow citizens to be able to elect their leaders.


Which factor is necessary for the development of democratic

institutions?

1. strong military forces 2. respect for individual rights 3. a one-party system 4. an agricultural economy


Explanation: Democracies are founded upon civil liberties, which

are the individual rights of each citizen. Without respect, for these

rights, there cannot be a democracy.


Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely.

--Lord Acton, British historian

Based on this quotation, why type of government would Lord Acton

most likely support?

1. dictatorship 2. absolute monarchy 3. totalitarian state 4. representative democracy


Explanation: If absolute power does in fact corrupt absolutely, then

the only way to prevent this from happening in government is to

give power to the people so that no one person can possess absolute

power. A government in which political power rests with the people

is known as a representative democracy.


Democracy in modern Japan resulted primarily from

1. Shinto and Buddhist beliefs about equality and justice 2. reforms imposed by the United States after World War II 3. a history of imperial justice under the constitution of the

Emperor

4. the diffusion of ideas and practices from China and Korea


Explanation: After World War II, the United States imposed

democratic reforms on Japan as a way of insuring peace for the

future. These reforms led to the creation of a Parliamentary

Democracy.


After the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Soviet

Union, new nations were formed. Which generalization accurately

reflects the effect of the breakup on these new nations?

1. new nations are generally too poor and weak to become active members of the United Nations

2. new nations rarely use their limited resources to wage war 3. national and ethnic differences often lead to instability and

violence in new nations

4. self-determination generally leads to democratic forms of government in new nations


Explanation: Instability and violence are often caused by the

pursuit of self determination by each ethnic group.


Which statement describes a characteristic of the British

parliamentary system today?

1. the Prime Minister is elected by the majority party in Parliament

2. the monarch serves as a strong head of state 3. the members of the House of Commons are appointed for

life

4. the minority party has no vote in the Parliament


Explanation: A parliamentary democracy is a government ruled

democratically by a national representative body that has supreme

legislative powers. This Parliament is controlled by a Prime

Minister who is elected by the majority party.


Which political system is the basis of Japans government today?

1. parliamentary democracy 2. military dictatorship 3. absolute monarchy 4. national socialism







A constitution? What for? The Koran is the oldest and most efficient constitution in the world.

--King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (1966)

The form of government of Iran is that of an Islamic Republic.

--Article 1, Iranian Constitution (1979)

These quotations best support the idea that

1. the laws of Islam can be used to govern a country 2. every country needs elected leaders 3. Muslims believe in a weak central government 4. religion should be separated from government


Explanation: Islamic life is regulated by the Koran and the Sharia.

The Koran is the Islamic holy book. The Sharia is the Islamic

system of laws developed from the Koran. Many countries with a

large Muslim population have returned to the use of these two books

as a system of government. The movement in modern times is

referred to Islamic Fundamentalism.


Cavour Provokes War Against Austria Mazzini Establishes Young Italy Poles Fail in Revolt Against Russia

These headlines best reflect the concept of

1. nationalism 2. isolationism 3. imperialism 4. totalitarianism


Explanation: Nationalism is the feeling of pride in and devotion to

ones country. This often leads to revolts against foreign domination.


What did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels believe would be the

result when communism finally emerged as the dominant political

and economic system?

1. Only two classes would exist in society. 2. All the evils of industrial society would disappear. 3. The Soviet Union would become the worlds only

superpower.

4. Citizens would own their individual homes and farms.


Explanation: Marx and Engels believed that their economic and

political system would create a classless society where the means of

production would be controlled by the working class, and a fair

distribution of wealth would exist.


A similarity of the rule of the ancient Mongols and the ancient

Greeks is that both

1. protected the human rights of the peoples they controlled 2. destroyed the civilizations they defeated

3. remained isolated and peaceful for centuries 4. established vast empires and spread their cultures to the

people they conquered


Explanation: Both the Mongols and Ancient Greeks established

empires that allowed the spreading of ideas through cultural

diffusion.


The code of Hammurabi is an example of

1. written rules for legal procedures 2. the power of strong kings to control trade 3. regulations on the way to conduct wars against neighboring

nations

4. the power of a legislature to veto laws passed by absolute monarchs


Explanation: Hammurabis Code was the first major collection of laws in history. It contain both criminal law, dealing with murder

and theft, and civil law dealing with private rights and matters, such

as business contracts and property inheritance.


. . . suspending laws . . . , by regal [royal] authority without consent of Parliament is illegal.

--English Bill of Rights, 1689

Which form of government does the quotation support?

1. limited monarchy 2. dynastic rule 3. totalitarian 4. theocracy


Explanation: A limited monarchy is a government system in which

the monarch is limited in his/her political powers, usually by an

elected body, such as the British Parliament.


The Magna Carta, the Glorious Revolution, and the writings of John

Locke all contributed to Great Britains development of

1. absolute monarchy 2. ethnic rivalries 3. parliamentary democracy 4. imperialist policies







In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin governed by means of secret

police, censorship, and purges. This type of government is called

1. democracy 2. totalitarian 3. limited monarchy 4. theocracy


Explanation: A totalitarian state is a nation in which the

government controls every aspect of citizens lives through a single party dictatorship. The methods often include the use of censorship,

secret police, and terror.


Speaker A: The gods approached Vishnu, the lord of creatures, and

said: Indicate to us that one person among mortals who alone is worthy of the highest rank . . . Vishnu reflected, and brought forth a glorious son who became the first king.

Speaker B: The traditional African society, whether it had a chief or

not, was a society of equals and it conducted its business through

discussion.

Speaker C: Ideally, the best form of government is one where every

citizen not only has a voice but also, at least occasionally, is called

on to take actual part.

Speaker D: A monarchs authority comes directly from God, and this is how the leadership and power in a society should be

determined.

Which speakers would support the theory explaining the power of

Frances Louis XIV, Spains Philip II, and Englands Elizabeth I?

1. A and D 2. B and C 3. A and C 4. B and D


Explanation: Divine Right theory of government believes that the

rulers authority comes from God. Frances Louis XIV, Spains Philip II, and Englands Elizabeth I all believed in this theory and used it to justify their rule during Europes Age of Absolutism.

Culture: Question 1 of 50

Which aspect of a nations culture is most directly influenced by the physical geography of that nation?

1. form of government 2. religious beliefs 3. population distribution 4. social class system


Explanation: People tend to live where there are abundant and

easily attainable natural resources. These resources tend to attract

industry and provide food and shelter.


One reason the cultures of North Africa developed differently from

the cultures of the rest of Africa was that these areas of Africa were

separated by the

1. Congo River Basin 2. Great Rift Valley 3. Sahara Desert 4. Arabian Sea


Explanation: The Sahara Desert has acted as a natural barrier in

Africa which resulted in the diffusion of Middle Eastern culture in

North Africa, while Sub-Saharan Africa maintained a variety of

traditional cultures until the beginning of the Slave Trade and

imperialism practiced by Europeans during the Scramble for Africa.


In China, the development of ethnocentrism was most influenced by

1. its historic reliance on foreign nations 2. a long history of democratic government 3. a strong belief in Christianity 4. its geographic isolation


Explanation: The Gobi Desert to the North, the Himalayan

Mountains to the Southwest, and the seas to the East all contribute

to the geographic isolation of China. This isolation hindered cultural

contact for many years which resulted in China considering itself

the Middle Kingdom, or the center of human civilization.


In most societies, works of art and architecture generally serve to

1. satisfy the needs of the leaders 2. limit the influence of religion 3. reflect the values of that society 4. express opposition to the government in power


Explanation: Art and architecture have typically been seen as a

window to the values of the society in which they are created.

Examples include the appreciation of the human ideal expressed in

the works of many Renaissance artists which contain human nudes,

such as Michelangelo's famous statue of David.


In modern African nations, the continued strength of the tribe or

ethnic group is a reflection of the continuing influence of

1. European imperialism 2. urban growth 3. the slave trade 4. traditional cultures


Explanation: The tribalism, which often crosses national

boundaries in modern-day Africa, illustrates the influence that

traditional culture still has in that region of the world.


Traditional African art has had the greatest influence on

1. classical Roman mosaics and pottery 2. Renaissance painting 3. 20th century sculpture and painting 4. Medieval European architecture


Explanation: Elements of traditional African art, such as abstract

patterning rather than representation, can be seen in many examples

of 20th century sculpture and painting.


Which generalization is characteristic of most traditional societies?

1. people move from city to city seeking new jobs 2. sons learn the same trades as their fathers 3. a high degree of social mobility exists 4. all people have the same economic opportunities


Explanation: In traditional societies, economic opportunities are

limited to that which is practiced in the family. An example is that

in traditional societies, sons learn the same trades as their fathers.


Recent archeological studies suggest the theory that

1. the earliest humans evolved in the Rift Valley in Africa 2. farming societies developed before hunting and gathering

societies

3. all the continents were settled at about the same time 4. the wheel was used by all ancient societies


Explanation: Australopithecines, one of the earliest known human

relatives, dates back 5 million years and was discovered in the Rift

Valley of Africa.


Which factor has contributed most to the social and cultural identity

of the Middle East?

1. political stability of the region 2. ability of the region to export oil 3. lack of foreign involvement in the region

4. strong influence of Islam on the region


Explanation: Islam is the dominant religion practiced in the

cultural region knows as the Middle East, and has thus maintained

the social and cultural identity of this region.


The Chinese called their land Middle Kingdom. Europeans often used the term backward to refer to China. These statements best illustrate

1. the failure of geographers to establish a universal terminology

2. the importance of East Asia in world history 3. the adoption of policies of nonalignment 4. attitudes of ethnocentrism in both cultures


Explanation: Ethnocentrism refers to the idea that one holds their

own culture to be superior to all others. Both of these statements

illustrate the ethnocentric attitudes of both the Chinese and

Europeans.


Geographic isolation of a people frequently reinforces

1. a traditional way of life 2. the development of scientific investigation 3. the need for higher education 4. a process of cultural diffusion


Explanation: Geographic isolation severely limits opportunities for

cultural diffusion, so that a society that is isolated may maintain its

traditional ways.


In most societies, urbanization has

1. weakened traditional values and life patterns 2. strengthened the influence of the extended family system 3. discouraged economic growth 4. promoted population growth


Explanation: The process of urbanization brings many people from

different backgrounds together in one place. Thus, through the

exchange of ideas from different people, traditional values tend to

be weakened.


Which statement cites an example of cultural diffusion?

1. Venezuela has large reserves of oil 2. young people dance to rock music in Russia 3. students in China learn calligraphy in school 4. the Caste system is an important part of life in India


Explanation: Cultural diffusion refers to the sharing of ideas

between different societies. Since rock music was pioneered in the

United States, it can be safely assumed that it has been transmitted

to Russia and adopted by young people there.


In most traditional societies, the teaching of values is mainly the

responsibility of the

1. judicial system 2. government 3. educational system 4. family


Explanation: Families are the center of most traditional societies,

and this is where values would be taught to the young.


The study of culture primarily involves

1. observing the physical environment of people 2. learning why various peoples live as they do 3. understanding the technology of modern machinery 4. analyzing the personalities of children in the same family


Explanation: Culture refers to all of the things that make up daily

life for people. Therefore the study of culture involves learning why

people live as they do.


Extended families and limited social mobility are characteristic of

1. constitutional monarchies 2. polytheistic religions 3. traditional societies 4. socialist economies


Explanation: In traditional societies, families tend to consist of

parents, children, and other extended relatives (e.g., grandparents,

aunts, uncles, etc.). Children of these societies also are trained to do

the same work as their parents, thus limiting their opportunities for

social mobility.


People in both Japan and India eat very little meat. A study of these

cultures would show that

1. although these cultures have similar practices, the reasons for these practices differ

2. the raising of cattle in both nations is very difficult due to the extreme climate

3. neither culture is concerned with health issues 4. the governments of both nations enforce strict dietary laws


Explanation: The Japanese eats very little red meat due to the

abundance of life in the sea surrounding them, while many Indians

practice Hinduism in which they believe in the cycle of

reincarnation. Therefore, to a Hindu, eating animal flesh might

constitute a form of murder.


The dominance of the Spanish language in Latin America and

continued use of the French language in Senegal are examples of

1. cultural diffusion 2. social mobility 3. humanism 4. Marxism


Explanation: These languages are not native to these areas. Rather,

they were brought by Europeans practicing imperialism and are

therefore a form of cultural diffusion.


Which activity is the best example of cultural diffusion in Africa?

1. weaving kente cloth in Ghana 2. using masks in traditional African ceremonies 3. discovering bronze sculptures from Benin 4. practicing of Islam in Nigeria


Explanation: Islam was founded in Saudi Arabia and was

transmitted throughout the Middle East, India, and northern Africa.


Which statement about India is a fact rather than an opinion?

1. most Indians are happy with the Hindu practice of arranged marriages

2. India is fortunate to have a multiparty system of government 3. The Mongols ruled India for more that 100 years 4. the partition of British India in 1947 helped India prosper


Explanation: Mongol rule in India is the only answer that is based

on historical fact, while the other answers represent opinions.


Which reference would be used to find the most recent information

about the gross domestic product (GDP) of a nation?

1. historical atlas 2. thesaurus 3. world almanac 4. dictionary


Explanation: Statistical information such as the GDP of a specific

country can be most easily found in a world almanac. A dictionary

and thesaurus each contain linguistic information, and an historical

atlas would contain maps from different historical periods.


Culture is sometimes referred to as a blueprint for living because it

1. flourished best in traditional societies 2. includes all the things that contribute to a societys

development

3. is determined by genetics 4. determines the types of jobs offered to the members of a

society


Explanation: Culture is comprised of all the things that make up

daily life in an area.


In many African nations, a major result of migration from rural to

urban areas has been

1. a strengthening of traditional values 2. a decline in employment opportunities for educated Africans 3. a weakening of ancestral lines and kinship bonds 4. increased agricultural productivity


Explanation: The process of urbanization brings many people from

different backgrounds together in one place. Thus, through the

exchange of ideas from different people, traditional values tend to

be weakened.


Which statement about Japan is a fact rather than an opinion?

1. Japanese family values have declined with modernization 2. many of Japans cultural traditions were borrowed from

China

3. rapid industrialization has caused few problems for the Japanese people

4. traditional farming techniques in Japan were better than modern ones


Explanation: The transmission of Chinese culture to Japan is the

only answer based in historical fact, while the other answers

represent opinions.


One similarity between the culture of traditional China under

dynastic rule and the culture of modern China under communism is

that both stress

1. a state-supported religion 2. loyalty to the authority of leaders 3. the importance of a matriarchal society 4. limits on population growth


Explanation: Both Confucianism and communism in modern China

have emphasized loyalty to the authority of leaders.


The ancient Chinese expression Middle Kingdom and the European terms Near East and Far East best reflect

1. the impact of the Enlightenment on global thinking 2. an improved knowledge of world geography 3. an objective view of the worlds cultures 4. the influence of ethnocentrism on geographic perspective


Explanation: Both statements reveal that each culture is basing

their perspective of the world on their own geographic location.


The accusations of witchcraft in 17th century England and the

practice of foot-binding in 19th century China are examples of the

1. discrimination against women in various cultures 2. negative aspects of a matriarchal society 3. gradual improvement of womens rights around the world

4. respect give to mothers in traditional cultures


Explanation: Both of these statements are examples of

discrimination against women because they involve the maiming or

killing of women.


Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in Western Europe and the

Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect each societys

1. imperialistic attitudes 2. cultural values 3. belief in democracy 4. rigid social structure


Explanation: Both buildings functioned as places of worship in

these societies. Therefore, they reflect the particular religious beliefs

of each society. These beliefs are part of their cultural values.


Before towns and cities can develop in a society, the society needs

to establish

1. an educational system 2. an agricultural surplus 3. a writing system 4. a democratic government


Explanation: Before humans were able to settle down in one place,

they needed to provide enough food for the community. This shift in

society from hunting-gathering to agriculture is known as the

Neolithic Revolution.


Which statement best supports the idea that cultural diffusion has

greatly affected Southeast Asia?

1. the population of Southeast Asia is concentrated in rural areas

2. monsoon climates affect food production in Indonesia 3. a reliance on subsistence agriculture remains a problem for

many Southeast Asian economies

4. Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam are practiced throughout Southeast Asia


Explanation: Buddhism and Hinduism originated in India while

Islam was founded in the Middle East. These were transmitted to

Southeast Asia through the process of cultural diffusion.


In India, which aspect of society has been most heavily influenced

by religious beliefs, tradition, and the division of labor?

1. caste system 2. policy of neutrality 3. urbanization 4. parliamentary government


Explanation: The Caste System ranked Hindus by class and divide

labor among them. For example, at the top of this system, the

Brahmin were considered the holy class, while untouchables were

considered out of caste and were only allowed to do the most menial

jobs.


One similarity between the cultures of traditional China and

traditional Japan was that

1. the educated class was held in high esteem 2. religion played a minor role in society 3. social mobility was encouraged

4. the people elected the political leaders


Explanation: Both China and Japan have traditionally held teachers

and the educated in high regard.


The invention of writing systems and the growth of cities occurred

only in civilizations that

1. originated in south Asia 2. developed matriarchal leadership 3. developed complex institutions 4. borrowed heavily from the Greeks and Romans


Explanation: A sophisticated level of organization is required for

civilizations to develop writing systems and cities.


A sociologist interested in Indian culture would most likely focus on

the study of

1. Hinduism and its influence on life in India 2. Indias development of nuclear weapons 3. the parliamentary government of India 4. the influence of agricultural production on Indias Gross

national Product (GNP)


Explanation: Sociologists are interested in human social

relationships and would therefore be most likely to study the effect

of Hinduism on life in India.


In India, the Caste System determined a

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