Global History—Wednesday December 11, 2008 Chapter 25—The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (pages 630-653)

Topic: The Beginning of Industrialization Aim Question:How can we explain the beginnings of the industrial revolution in England and what were the key inventions?Objective:-Understand the start of industrialization -Analyze the causes of the industrial revolution-Examine the inventions of industrialization Agenda:-Attendance -Announcements; letters home with Rowley & Ravner -Review: Industrialization, definition, and facts-Lesson on the industrial revolution: Notes & Slides (20 min)

Industrial Revolution Begins

• Agricultural Revolution:

- Enclosures

- Crop Rotations

• Britain’s Advantages:

- well, lets take a look at this topic…

“Enclosed” Lands Today“Enclosed” Lands Today

What would be business opportunities based on this

map?

Industrial Revolution Begins in England (a.k.a. Britain, The U.K., Great Britain or United Kingdom)

Why did industrialization begin in England?

1. Large population of workers2. Small island had MANY natural resources• Water power • Coal• Iron• Rivers• Harbors (because it is an island)

In Addition, England also had…

• Large middle class (people with money to invest in new companies)

• Highly developed banking system to give loans to entrepreneurs

• Political stability (although there were many wars in Europe between 1650-1800,none took place in English soil)

• Had all factors of production on the island

What are “factors of production”?

LAND

LABOR

MONEY (wealth)

LANDIncludes natural resources, rivers,

harbors, and ocean access

LABOREngland is small but has large population

MONEY (WEALTH)

Major Inventions

Steam power

James Hargreaves’ “Spinning Jenny” (1765)

Spinning Jenny

James Watt’s Steam Engine (1790’s)

Significance of the Steam Engine• Requires a

specialized facility for its use near a ready source of coal

• Changed the location of factories, freeing the factory to be located in the most economical location

Steam engine locomotive

The “Crowning” Invention: The Railroad

• The world’s first railway line ran from Manchester to Liverpool

• The first locomotive = The “Rocket” (1830)

• Revolution in land transportation = dropping prices

• Laborers shift to the city and factories

The Impact of the RailroadThe Impact of the Railroad

Steam boat

James Watt First reliable Steam Engine

Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets

Robert Fulton Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River

Samuel F. B. Morse

Telegraph

Elias Howe Sewing Machine

Isaac Singer Improves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine

Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable

Alexander Graham Bell

Telephone

Thomas Edison Phonograph, Incandescant Light Bulb

Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor

Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine

Orville and Wilbur Wright

First Airplane

Henry Ford Model T Ford, Assembly Line