global patterns in the geographic and stratigraphic ...€¦ · presentation constitutes...

© 2019 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

Global patterns in the geographic and

stratigraphic distribution of hydrocarbons

Michael Treloar

2INTERNAL © 2019 Halliburton. All rights reserved.© 2019 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

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Outline and Aims

Petroleum System

Elements:

Source rocks

Reservoirs

Seals

Petroleum System

Processes:

Migration

Trapping

PreservationS

S

C

R

Examine the temporal

distribution of

petroleum system

elements at a global

scale

Evaluate the impact of

petroleum system

processes on resource

distribution


Tools for Analysis

~110,000 pools

Data

systematically

captured and

stored

Interpreted

within the

context of a

global sequence

stratigraphic and

geodynamic

model

To enable this kind of analysis, a comprehensive, geology-focused dataset of petroleum

occurrence is necessary


Element Abundance Through Time: Source Rocks

Frequency = number of identified source rock intervals that have been tied to at least one discovery

Age (ma)

Fre

quency

N=804

OSDCPTJKPgNg Ꞓ


It is possible to speculate about the cause of these peaks in abundance

Element Abundance Through Time: Source Rocks

Age (ma)

Fre

quency

N=804

OSDCPTJKPgNg Ꞓ

Hir

nantia

nd

e-g

lacia

tion

Restr

iction o

f

Lauru

ssia

n m

arg

ins

Carb

onife

rous c

oals

Eocene

Thermal MaximumOceanic anoxic events (OAEs)and restriction related to breakupof Pangea


Element Abundance Through Time: Reservoirs

Reservoir counts heavily skewed by intensity of drilling in North America

Age (ma)

Fre

quency

N=114,402

OSDCPTJKPgNg Ꞓ


Element Abundance Through Time: Reservoirs

Once North American data is removed, a similar trend to source rocks emerges

Age (ma)

Fre

quency

N=21,364

OSDCPTJKPgNg Ꞓ


Element Abundance Through Time

Working

petroleum

systems of all

ages can be

identified

Certain periods

lacking in

systems

Is this trend

simply a

product of

preservation

bias?P

ale

oce

ne

To

p C

arb

on

ife

rou

s

Ea

rly D

evo

nia

n

Red = Reservoirs

Green = Source rocks


But What About Process?

VS

~160 bboe ~1,260 bboeResource volumes from Rystad Energy ECube

200 km 200 km


But What About Process?

Significant basin-wide unconformities

Progressively younger reservoirs in

prograding depositional system

Reservoirs stacked over major

structural features

Complete stratigraphic section

Central Arabia

Western Gulf


Outline and Aims

Petroleum System

Elements:

Source rocks

Reservoirs

Seals

Petroleum System

Processes:

Migration

Trapping

PreservationS

S

C

R

Examine the temporal

distribution of

petroleum system

elements at a global

scale

Evaluate the impact of

petroleum system

processes on resource

distribution


Integrating Volumes: Three Most Prolific Basins

Two key petroleum systems – few giant accumulations


Integrating Volumes: Five Most Prolific Basins

Additional Early Cretaceous systems in Zagros and West Siberia


Integrating Volumes: Ten Most Prolific Basins

Peak emerging in Late Devonian


Integrating Volumes: Ten Most Prolific Basins - Examples

Central Arabia Western Canada

West SiberiaVolga-Urals


Integrating Volumes: Ten Most Prolific Basins

Peak emerging in Late Devonian


Integrating Volumes: Twenty Most Prolific Basins

Peak emerging at Cenomanian-Turonian


Integrating Volumes: Forty Most Prolific Basins

A more diverse range of intervals contributing


Integrating Volumes: Forty Most Prolific Basins - Examples

Gulf of Mexico Campos Basin

Illizi BasinBohaiwan Basin


Integrating Volumes: Forty Most Prolific Basins

A more diverse range of intervals contributing


Integrating Volumes: Hundred Most Prolific Basins

Resources reservoired in every time interval – numerous small fields


Resource Distribution Summary by Source Rock Age

Source Age:Profile of discovered volumes through geological

time is dominated by a few exceptional systems

Resource per 2 ma bin (mboe)

(Source rocks)

Age

(m

a)

Reservoir Age (ma)

Resourc

e p

er

2 m

a b

in (

mbo

e)

Resource volumes from Rystad Energy ECube


Resource Distribution Summary by Source Rock Age

Source Age:

Reservoir Age (ma)

Resourc

e p

er

2 m

a b

in (

mbo

e)

Resource volumes from Rystad Energy ECube

Removed Middle East, West

Siberia, Western Canada and

East Venezuela (~50% of global

resources)

Remaining resources show a

decay with age similar to element

occurrence

Several key source intervals can

be identifiedResource per 2 ma bin (mboe)

(Source rocks)

Age

(m

a)

Early Silurian

Late Devonian

Pennsylvanian

Late Jurassic

Cenomanian-TuronianAptian

Eo-OligoceneEarly Miocene


Migration and Preservation: a Global Perspective

So

urc

e R

ock E

po

ch

Reservoir Age (ma)

Continuous preservation

Periods of non-preservation

Limited migration between

Paleozoic and Mesozoic


The Impact of Destructive Events

W EWilliston Basin Michigan Basin Appalachian Basin

Eroded Stratigraphy


The Late Jurassic Source Interval

Late Jurassic-

sourced fields in

paleogeographic

context

Wide-spread

occurrence across

many paleo latitudes

and environments

Many areas of

deposition have yet

to undergo major

destructive episodes

AfricaSouth

America

North

America

Australia

Eurasia

India

Antarctica

Passive margins

Intra-shelf basins

Rifts

Field Sourced by Late Jurassic

Back-arc basins


ConclusionsSource rocks

Reservoirs

Age (ma)

Resourc

e p

er

2 m

a b

in (

mboe

)

(Reserv

oirs)

Ea

rly S

iluria

n

La

te D

evo

nia

n

Pe

nn

sylv

an

ian

La

te J

ura

ssic

Cen

om

ania

n-T

uro

nia

n

Ap

tia

n

Eo

-Olig

oce

ne

Ea

rly M

ioce

ne

Working petroleum systems of every age can be identified

Petroleum system element abundance decays consistently with increasing age

The processes these elements undergo is a major control on resource profile:

Exceptional systems

Background signal –preservation controlled

There are discrete source intervals that contribute the majority of resources

The preservation of hydrocarbons from these intervals is biased towards younger systems by simplicity of process

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