global peacemaker
TRANSCRIPT
Global Peacemaker
Wilson throws out the ceremonial 1st pitch at the Washington Senators home opener in April of 1916
Fourteen Points
Wilson’s Plan to make the world “safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression”.
http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/wilson-points.htm
Wilson’s Proposal
Fourteen Points—Introduced to Congress in January of 1918 Diplomacy over aggression Maintaining peace Self-determination
Paris Peace Conference
January of 1919U.S. delegation=President Wilson & all Democrats,
but one RepublicanBig Four:
1. David Lloyd George=Great Britain 2. Georges Clemenceau=France 3. Vittorio Orlando=Italy 4. Woodrow Wilson=U.S. *see picture on p. 438
Paris Peace Conference
Russia was absent; in midst of civil warGermany was not invitedClemenceau, George & Orlando hoped to make
Central Powers pay for causing the warWilson hoped to make peace & secure stabilityWilson was forced to compromise on his 14 Points;
esp. on self-determination Allies hoped to continue to build empires
League of Nations
Proposed by WilsonNations of the world would join together to ensure
security & peace for all membersIntroduced at Paris Peace, but had to be approved by
Republican-controlled CongressArticle 10—An attack on one member would be
considered an attack on all membersRejected by Congress
This cartoon shows one view of Wilson & the LON. Note that Wilson is dipping his bubble pipe into a bowl of “ideals.”
Why did some criticize the LON as being too idealistic?
Versailles Treaty
Peace talks resumed in March of 1919Clemenceau demanded harsh penalties for GermanyWilson feared harsh demands would lead to future
wars9 new territories created out of Austria-Hungary,
Germany, & Russia Compare map on p. 415 to map on p. 440
New boundaries did not support Wilson’s self-determination; ethnic tensions continued
1914
1919
Versailles Treaty
The Ottoman Empire was shrunk into TurkeyBritish took control of Palestine, Transjordan, &
IsraelFrance took control of Syria & LebanonItaly gained less territory than it hoped for; b/c of
this Orlando had to resign as prime minister
Versailles Treaty
Germany initially refused to sign it; but gave in when France threatened to attack
Signed/finalized on June 28, 1919
The signing of the Treaty of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors
Reactions to Versailles Treaty
Much negative response to League of NationsWilson toured U.S. in hopes of gaining popular
support for LONAfter he suffered a stroke; he remained isolated from
his Cabinet for the rest of his term Wife, Edith, took over many duties
Congress rejected the LON & the Versailles Treaty Opposition led by Republican Henry Cabot Lodge
What is happening to Uncle Sam?
What message do you think the author is trying to convey?
Chicago Tribune, 1918
“Interrupting the Ceremony”
Edith & Woodrow Wilson in 1920
Edith holds the paper steady b/c her husband’s left side had been paralyzed.
Peace w/ Germany
President Harding signed a resolution to end war with Germany in 1921
Made treaties with Austria and Hungary in 1921
America as Creditor
U.S. became a bank for the worldWar hurt economies of many European nations,
especially BritainUS had an opportunity to take control of the
economics in the world, but focused on domestic issues
Servicemen Are Coming Back
4,000 a day were being released from serviceWhat to do with them? No plan!Jobs were scarceWomen moved back to work in the homeBlack soldiers treated poorly upon returnFeeling of gloom in US after WWI