global perspective cambridge igcse: famous environmentalists - timothy treadwell

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FAMOUS ENVIRONMENTALISTS TIMOTHY TREADWELL GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES CAMBRIDGE IGCSE P5

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FAMOUS ENVIRONMENTALISTS

TIMOTHY TREADWELL

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES

CAMBRIDGE IGCSE P5

TIMOTHY TREADWELL- American bear enthusiast

- Environmentalist

- Documentary filmmaker

- Conservationist

- Founder of the bear-protection organization Grizzly People.

GRIZZLY MAN- He lived among grizzly bears of

Katmai National Park in Alaska for 13 summers.

- At the end of his 13th summer in the park, in 2003, he and his girlfriend Amie Huguenardwere killed by a 28-year-old brown bear.

- Treadwell's life, work, and death were the subject of a famous documentary film Grizzly Man (2005).

EARLY INTEREST IN ANIMALS- Treadwell was born on Long Island, New

York.

- He was very fond of animals and kept a squirrel named Willie as a pet.

- Treadwell studied grizzly bears during summer seasons for 13 years, before being killed by one of them.

- According to his book, Among Grizzlies: Living with Wild Bears in Alaska, his mission to protect bears began in the late 1980s.

- A lover of animals since he was a child, he travelled to Alaska to watch bears after a close friend convinced him to do so.

EARLY LIFETreadwell spent the early part of each season camping on the "Big Green", an open area of bear grass in Hallo Bay on the Katmai Coast.

He called the area "The Grizzly Sanctuary".

Treadwell was known for getting extremely close to the bears he observed, sometimes touching them and playing with bear cubs.

He claimed that he was always careful with the bears and actually developed a sense of mutual trust and respect with the animals.

In contrast, National Park Service Rangers said he was harassing wildlife.

HIS DEATHIn October 2003, Treadwell and his girlfriend, physician assistant Amie Huguenard, visited Katmai National Park's Kodiak Island.

In Grizzly Man, Werner Herzog states that according to Treadwell's diaries, Huguenard feared bears and felt deeply uncomfortable in their presence.

Her final journal entries indicated that she wanted to be away from Katmai.

DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES

Treadwell chose to set his campsite near a salmon stream where grizzlies commonly feed in autumn.

Treadwell was in the park later in the year than usual, at a time when bears struggle to gain as much fat as possible before winter, and limited food supplies cause them to be more aggressive than in other months.

Food was scarce that fall, causing the grizzly bears to be even more aggressive than usual.

Diagram of attack site - positions of bodies.

DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (II)

Treadwell was to leave the park at his usual time of year but extended his stay a week in an effort to locate a favourite female brown bear. He said he hated modern civilization and felt better in nature with the bears than he did in big cities around humans. He repeatedly said he hated humans, too.

The bears he had been used to during the summer had already gone into hibernation, and bears that Treadwell did not know from other parts of the park were moving into the area.

DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (III)

Some of the last footage taken by Treadwell, hours before his death, includes video of a bear diving into the river repeatedly for a piece of dead salmon.

Treadwell mentioned in the footage that he did not feel entirely comfortable around that particular bear.

In Grizzly Man, Herzog posits that Treadwell may have filmed the very bear that killed him.

DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (IV)Around noon on Sunday, October 5, 2003, Treadwell spoke with an associate in Malibu, California, by satellite phone; Treadwell mentioned no problems with any bears.

The next day, October 6, Willy Fulton, the Kodiak air taxi pilot, arrived at Treadwell and Huguenard'scampsite to pick them up but found the area abandoned, except for a bear, and contacted the local park rangers.

The couple's mangled remains were discovered quickly upon investigation. Treadwell's disfigured head, partial spine, and right forearm and hand, with his wristwatch still on, were recovered a short distance from the camp.

DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (V)

Huguenard's partial remains were found next to the torn and collapsed tents, partially buried in a mound of twigs and dirt. A large male grizzly (tagged Bear 141) protecting the campsite was killed by park rangers during their attempt to retrieve the bodies.

A second adolescent bear was also killed a short time later, when it charged the park rangers.

An on-site necropsy of Bear 141 revealed human body parts such as fingers and limbs. The younger bear was consumed by other animals before it could be necropsied. In the 85-year history of Katmai National Park, this was the first known incident of a person being killed by a bear.

DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (VI)A video camera was recovered at the site that proved to have been operating during the attack, but police said that the six-minute tape was blank; only the sound of their agonized cries as a brown bear mauled the couple to death was recorded.

That the tape contained only sound led troopers to believe the attack might have happened while the camera was stuffed in a duffel bag or during the dark of night.

DEATH CIRCUMSTANCES (VII)In Grizzly Man, filmmaker Herzog claims that the lens cap of the camera was left on, suggesting that Treadwell and Huguenard were in the process of setting up for another video sequence when the attack happened.

The camera had been turned on just before the attack, presumably by Huguenard, but the camera recorded only six minutes of audio before running out of tape. This, however, was enough time to record the bear's initial attack on Treadwell and his agonized screams, its retreat when Huguenard attacked it, its return to carry Treadwell off into the forest, and Huguenard'sscreams of horror as she is left alone.

DISCOVERY AND ANIMAL PLANET SERIESGrizzly Man (2005), directed by Werner Herzog, is a documentary about Treadwell's work with wildlife in Alaska, was telecast on the Discovery Channel. Treadwell's own footage is featured, along with interviews with people who knew him.

Herzog praises Treadwell's video footage and photographs, he states his belief that Treadwell was a disturbed individual with a death wish.

The Grizzly Man Diaries is an eight-episode mini-series that premiered on August 22, 2008, on Animal Planet and is a spin-off of Grizzly Man.

The series chronicles the last 10 years of Treadwell's life with diary entries, and footage and photographs taken by Treadwell during his expeditions.