August 2013 updAte

progress Report

Global Sanitation Fund

The rate of increase during the reporting period is substantially higher than in previous reporting periods. Supporting more than 2 million people to live in an environment free of open defecation is ten percent of the five-year target of 24 million. It remains to be seen whether the increase in ODF will continue to increase exponentially but the current growth is encouraging. It suggests that efforts by WSSCC in the initial years to build consultative processes, introduce new systems, and familiarize sub-grantees and local governments with methods of community-led total sanitation are beginning to pay off.

Whereas the number of people living in an ODF environment doubled during the reporting period, the cumulative number of people with improved toilets increased by 180,000. The number of people with access to improved sanitation increased at a modest rate or, in the case of India and Senegal, actually fell in terms of absolute numbers. This trend is an important finding of this report and serves as cause for reflection for GSF and the sanitation sector at large.

WSSCC supports GSF programmes to measure a level of improved sanitation that breaks the fecal-oral route of risk of infection. Countries count the number of people using hygienic toilets which meet national definitions. In some countries, these definitions are not fully aligned with the international standards of the JMP. This evidently represents a challenge when compiling data from multiple countries at the global level. The results presented in this update reflect continued efforts by WSSCC/GSF to harmonize national definitions and ensure that improvements in sanitation are accurately reflected in the internationally accepted standards used by the UNICEF and WHO Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP).

A prime example of the complexity of reconciling definitions of improved toilets is the GSF programme in India. At the end of December 2012, the programme reported 521,000 people with access to improved toilets. By mid-2013 the number of people with hygienic toilets increased to 664,000. However, applying the approach above, this number has been disaggregated to 248,000 (37%) people accessing improved toilets (JMP) and 416,000 people accessing hygienic toilets. Therefore only 248,000 people with access to improved toilets (JMP) are included in the current results report for India.

In the case of Uganda, the government is refining national processes on harmonizing reporting on sanitation indicators, and the GSF programme has been instrumental in supporting this. The EA has found that districts are using different standards for measuring improved sanitation. In response to this, the Ministry of Health (EA) is facilitating a six month consultative process designed to establish an appropriate definition for improved sanitation and harmonize its application throughout the country. Therefore no additional mid-year GSF results have been reported for Uganda.

In partnership with other sector players, national governments and change agents at all levels, the GSF seeks to achieve sustainable behaviour change. While GSF is starting to show progress in moving large numbers of people from open to fixed-point defecation, WSSCC, like others, faces the challenge of ensuring that hygienic behaviours are sustainable and people move up the sanitation ladder. Refining and recalibrating results and achievements to balance national and subnational definitions is a key aspect of ensuring that results reporting is meaningful.

A series of reviews planned as an integral part of WSSCC’s Medium Term Strategic Plan 2012-2016 will facilitate joint analysis of approaches, efficiencies and effectiveness. The Mid-term Evaluation (MTE) of ten GSF countries (2013-2014) is assessing the effectiveness of the GSF as a financing mechanism and reviewing collaborative engagement, systems and progress. A detailed outcome survey in each GSF supported country is focusing on results reporting including rationalising definitions and standardising achievement milestones against baselines. Factors that hinder or enable movement up the sanitation ladder are being examined as well as those that risk or support sustainability in different environments and the capacity inputs required to deliver at scale. Studies will be part of this process of reflection, learning and course correction. The Mid-term review of WSSCC as a whole in the second half of 2014 will be informed by the GSF MTE while reviewing WSSCC’s wider programme including knowledge, advocacy, collaboration and contributions to increased access and use within the aim of helping to ensure sanitation and hygiene for all people.

deFininG pRogRess

NATIONAl PROGRAMMES FUNDED By GSF HAvE MADE SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS IN ERADICATING THE PRACTICE OF OPEN DEFECATION. DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD, THE COUNTRy PROGRAMMES INCREASED By OvER 100 PERCENT THE NUMBER OF PEOPlE lIvING IN OPEN-DEFECATION-FREE ENvIRONMENTS. THE RAPID ACCElERATION OF ODF STATUS OF COMMUNES, vIllAGES AND DISTRICTS, FROM 1.01 MIllION TO 2.10 MIllION IN SIx MONTHS, SUGGESTS AN ExPONENTIAl INCREASE.

That commitment is yielding results in communities across Africa and Asia. The commitment to address people without access to sanitation is shared by national partners, WSSCC and GSF donors.

National programmes generating resultsKey results by 30 June 2013 of the Global Sanitation Fund programmes are as follows, with the corresponding figure for the end of 2012 listed in parenthesis:

�� 1.56 million people with improved toilets (1.38 million).

�� 2.1 million people in more than 7,425 communities now live in cleaner environments free of open defecation (1.06 million people in 3,946 communities).

�� 16,068 communities have participated in demand creation activities (9,621).

�� 5.48 million people have heard about the importance of good hygiene through community activities and communications campaigns (3.77 million).

The Results Overview on the following page gives a cumulative snapshot of the current status and targets for the ten country programmes 1 working on the ground as of 30 June 2013. Since the GSF is a sanitation financing mechanism, the flow of finances is also a key indicator of programme implementation, and thus presented. To date:

�� US$ 62,68 million have been committed for 10 country programmes by the end of June 2013.

�� US$ 12,94 million have been invested in the management and development of operations.

�� US$ 28,50 million have been allocated to start programmes in 6 additional countries 2 in 2013 and beyond.

�� US$ 149,86 million have been committed and allocated to the 16 country programmes and management and development of operations to oversee the five year programmes.

1. HeadlineS And HigHligHts

THROUGH THE GlOBAl SANITATION FUND (GSF), WSSCC HAS COMMITTED US$ 62.68 MIllION By 30 JUNE 2013 TO ENSURE THAT 16.28 MIllION PEOPlE HAvE IMPROvED SANITATION AND THAT MORE THAN 24.58 MIllION PEOPlE lIvE IN ClEAN, HEAlTHy AND SAFE ENvIRONMENTS WHICH ARE OPEN DEFECATION FREE.

1. Cambodia, Ethiopia, India, Madagascar, Malawi, Nepal, Senegal, Uganda, Tanzania and Nigeria.

2. Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Pakistan and Togo.

�� The amount committed for these 16 countries is 100% of the US$ 112,06 million pledged to WSSCC to date by its donors for the GSF. To fully fund these 16 country programmes over five years, an additional US$ 37,81 million are needed.

�� US$ 18.96 million have been awarded by Executing Agencies (EAs) to Sub-grantees and service providers.

�� Around 100 sub-grants have been awarded by Executing Agencies for work on the ground, which together with current commitments and disbursements provides an indication of overall on-the-ground programme implementation.

�� WSSCC continues to receive demand for GSF support in places where the sanitation needs are great. WSSCC’s Medium-Term Strategic Plan (MTSP) 2012-2016 identifies 35 priority countries, in some of which the GSF could be working, which contain almost 1.5 billion people without sanitation. In order to meet this demand and fulfill the MTSP target of work programmes in up to 25 countries by 2016, additional funding of US$ 160,14 million is needed.

�� This funding includes expansion of existing programmes based on needs and good performance, for example WSSCC is currently working to expand 5 existing programmes with funds up to $ 10 million over the coming 2 years.

Country driven GSF-funded programming has generated the results described above. Importantly, GSF programme work has helped bring together sector stakeholders in each country – sometimes for the first time – which has generated a better shared understanding of a country’s sanitation and hygiene needs, and the policies and programmes (such as the GSF) which help address those needs. Moreover, the GSF’s ability to be replicated and rolled out to a larger number of countries has resulted in an increased demand for GSF support in places where sanitation needs are large.

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GLOBAL SANITATION FUND PROGRESS REPORT 2013

The descriptions below provide more information and background on GSF results reporting as presented in the Results Overview on the opposite page.

Key results Performance of the GSF programme globally is defined by the results achieved on the ground and the efficiency with which they are delivered. The results indicators in the dashboard represent three key indicators drawn from the GSF Monitoring and Evaluation system. The top indicator, people with improved sanitation, reports the numbers of people with improved toilets 3.

WSSCC considers the number of people living in open defecation free environments as an important intermediate step in people achieving improved sanitation. Even a small number of people defecating in the open can be detrimental to the health of others in the community already using improved latrines. Health and other benefits of improved sanitation only truly accrue once 100 per cent access and usage is achieved, which is the ultimate aim of the GSF.

People washing their hands with soap at critical times is a key indicator to measure an improvement in hygiene practice. WSSCC is keen to only measure sustained changes in behaviour therefore consolidated results will be reported at a later stage. However some countries are reporting hand washing results and there are early indications that increased handwashing is being demonstrated in many ODF communities.

During the course of 2013, an internally commissioned Mid-term Evaluation is evaluating the GSF programme in India, Nepal, Madagascar, Senegal and Malawi. The evaluation is systemic focusing on GSF as a fund and as a component of WSSCC and wider sector efforts. The evaluation should add value on the GSF programmes’ focus including the management of data generation and data verification.

The result indicator 1.3 People using improved latrines is better understood and reported on in several countries. In India, the figure has dropped from that reported at the end of 2012 as the nuance between a hygienic latrine and an improved latrine as defined by the Joint Monitoring Programme is better understood. New guidelines have been issued to the sub-grantees in terms of reporting latrine types.

Intermediate indicatorsThe intermediate indicators are used to measure and report the scope of GSF programmes demonstrating the potential of the programmes to reach scale. They also provide indications of the scale of the problem. like steps on a ladder, intermediate indicators directly lead to the

2. GSF Results

3. The GSF prioritizes this indicator over and above others on the basis of two factors: (i) the belief that an improved toilet has the maximum positive impacts on its users and the wider community, and (ii) the fact that it is this indicator that through the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), http://www.wssinfo.org, process will contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal target on sanitation.

key results described above. For example, Indicator 2.2 People reached by hygiene messages is also a tool used to stimulate behaviour change in relation to hand washing.

Financial pipeline indicators This shows funds committed and disbursed to date and presents progress of GSF programme rollout by country. The pipeline shows financial flows from WSSCC to Executing Agencies and on to Sub-grantees and contractors that are competitively selected and carrying out GSF fieldwork.

Unit cost Projected unit cost is the average investment per capita of GSF programmes and is currently estimated as the five-year cost of the programme divided by the five-year target number of people with improved sanitation. These range between US$1 and US$20. variations occur due to current or prior involvement of other stakeholders, topographic and demographic factors, and the cost of resources in different countries and regions. The GSF programme is measuring actual unit costs which are initially high due to the expense of setting up the programme, but gradually go down as the programme runs at full capacity.

Financial data and information related to unit cost form an area of focus for the GSF that is reflected in the design of its Monitoring and Evaluation system.

A note on attribution and verification of resultsGSF-supported activities are always implemented within a wider (sector) environment. As a relatively new sector programme the GSF acknowledges the work that has been done by other actors in previous years that had laid a foundation for GSF’s intervention. In addition, in most countries the GSF is one of a number of current interventions all of which may contribute to the anticipated improvement of the sanitation situation on the ground. The data presented in the Results Overview on the following page currently represent the total number of additional people within programme focus areas that have been affected by changing sanitation and hygiene behaviour during the life of the GSF intervention. In the future, the GSF intends to conduct specific studies to try to better understand the various inputs of different actors and causal link with the jointly achieved outcomes.

The information presented in the Results Overview is based on reports submitted by GSF sub-grantees, according to country specific monitoring systems set up and managed by the respective Executing Agencies with oversight from GSF. Periodic spot checks by EAs and Country Programme Monitors have been carried out as per agreed regular monitoring procedures, and will be followed by independent mid-term and five-year evaluations of the data. Currently, this document includes communities reported as Open Defecation Free, whilst verification and certification is on-going. Future progress reports will incorporate the independent certifications.

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GLOBAL SANITATION FUND

3. reSultS oveRview

ongoing programmes 10Programmes commencing in 2013 2Proposed programmes 4

pRogRAmme developmentunit Cost

* see indicator definition

$1>...<$20

30 June 2013 5 year targets

People with improved toilets 1.56 million 16.28 millionPeople live in odF environments 2.10 million 24.58 millionPeople wash their hands with soap

Data available at mid-term review 16.73 million

TOILETSS

KeY Results To date and 5 year targets in 10 countries

30 June 2013 5 year targets

Communities declared odF 7,425 44,050Communities triggered 16,068 76,818People received hygiene messages 5.48 million 28.37 millionPeople live in target areas 18.40 million 29.79 million

inteRmediAte indiCAtoRs Results to date and 5 year targets in 10 countries

GSF commitments $62.68 million in-country awards

to Sub-grantees $18.96 millionGSF disbursements $22.16 million in-country grant

disbursements $10.47 million

FinAnCiAl pipeline 30 June 2013

PROGRESS REPORT 2013

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4. Country updAtesIn this section, a sampling of country-by-country developments during the first half of the year is presented, including milestone achievements, and added value to the national sanitation programming. More comprehensive descriptions on each country programme can be found in the Global Sanitation Fund Progress Report 2012 or at www.wsscc.org. As data systems are improved and reporting definitions are refined there has been some variation in the indicators reported at the end of 2012.

CambodiaCambodia’s programme is called the Cambodia Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Improvement Programme (CR-SHIP). In Cambodia through the GSF programme 125,080 people have improved toilets (up from 57,500 by end 2012) and 122,500 people live in ODF environments (up from 94,500 by end 2012). Sub-grantees implementing sanitation and hygiene promotion have triggered around 1,000 villages exceeding the two year target plan of around 900. In addition more than 140 villages were declared ODF. Activities resulting from agreements signed late 2012 with two sub-grantees for sanitation marketing activities complement hygiene promotion implementation and bring the total to 11 sub-grantees, including one for monitoring and evaluation and advocacy projects.

EthiopiaThe GSF programme launched in August 2012 and is now showing initial results. 150,000 people are living in ODF environments and 100,000 are using improved latrines. These first beneficiaries have been reached so fast partly due to the existing network of the Ethiopia Health Extension programme, a national network of local health workers supporting the Government’s National Hygiene and Sanitation Strategy. This context provides for results of a target 3.2 million people living in an ODF environment in a three year period (most GSF programmes are an initial 5 years).

indiaThrough the EA, Natural Resource Management Consultants (NRMC) India Private ltd, the GSF programme has continued to expand in 2013. In three of the targeted districts in Jharkhand, more than 664,000 people have access to basic hygienic and improved latrines, 144,000 of these were achieved in the last quarter. Results show more than 140,000 people are living in ODF environments, a dramatic increase from 25,000 reported 18 months ago. The GSF programme has become operational in Bihar, the state with the highest population density in the country, which has a pressing need and good capacity for improved sanitation. The GSF programme has refocused support in Assam to target achieving total sanitation coverage in two Blocks. Results in Bihar and Assam expected in the period have not been delivered. Despite a change in the target areas the overall planned results are unchanged. The GSF programme in India is being evaluated in a mid-term review.

madagasCarThe GSF programme in Madagascar is known locally as Fonds d’Appui pour l’Assainissement and managed by Medical Care Development International (MCDI). The Executing Agency is showing strong implementation of the programme which is delivering results through 15 Sub-grantees working in 14 of Madagascar’s 22 regions. By end June 2013 a total of 115,860 people have improved toilets (up from 85,000 by end 2012) and 449,184 people live in ODF environments (up from 251,000 by end 2012). A total of 3,743 communities have been declared ODF. Work continues to improve monitoring and evaluation processes, with particular focus on data verification and ODF certification processes. Documentation of innovations and lessons learned is currently being carried out in partnership with the ClTS foundation. The scaling up of the GSF programme in Madagascar is being taken to the national level with the objective of encouraging all regions to implement their own programmes. The GSF programme in Madagascar’s Mid-term Evaluation outcome survey is in its final stages and the evaluation will take place in the second half of 2013.

malawiBy mid-2013 the number of people living in ODF environments is 186,380 (up from 153,000 reported end 2012). This progress on progressing up the sanitation ladder away from open defecation is good, and the programme is refocusing efforts to move people to improved latrines through a combination of sanitation marketing and micro-finance activities. A total of 161,685 people have improved toilets (up from 125,000 at the end of 2012). Slow progress reflects a verification of previous results reported and tighter definitions of improved latrines. The GSF programme in Malawi is being evaluated through a mid-term review. The EA in Malawi, Plan International is performing on-going evaluations of Sub-grantees, to extend and renew contracts for the remaining period.

nEpal Nepal has seen a terrific increase in the number of people using improved toilets to 286,464 (up from 62,140 by end 2012). In addition 281,435 people are living in ODF environments (up from 95,100 by end 2012). These are great achievements demonstrating the acceleration of the programme. The GSF programme is active in six districts and six municipalities and has taken up the challenge of supporting the Government of Nepal in demonstrating Bhaktapur as a model district for the Fifth South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN v) in Nepal in November 2013. The GSF programme in Nepal is undergoing a Mid-term Evaluation. 2 million of Nepal’s 5.4 million households (39%) still do not have toilets (CBS 2012) so there is much to do to achieve the national target of 100% sanitation coverage by 2017. Government’s commitment to full coverage is linked to the demonstrated successes of the GSF programme in Nepal.

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GLOBAL SANITATION FUND

Uganda The number of people living in ODF environments is much higher than any other GSF programme with 692,400 people (up from 333,600 by end 2012) an impressive delivery considering the programme started in August 2011. Through the GSF programme in Uganda, 510,000 people have improved toilets (compared to 510,000 reported at the end of 2012). This figure appears to be unchanged due to some challenges with verification of results on improved sanitation which are being addressed in the on-going review and verification process. Overall, the Uganda Sanitation Fund, as the GSF programme is known at the national level, is steadily implementing with impressive delivery patterns. The programme targets 6,000 villages across 16 districts and seeks to improve the lives of up to 3.8 million Ugandans. The Ugandan Ministry of Health is the Executing Agency and the programme is implemented through District Governments partnering with local NGOs.

Preparations for a GSF programme in Benin are proceeding with the development of the CPP and targets of having the EA and PCM in place before the end of the year. However, no disbursements are anticipated this year. To inform the CPP development process, delegates from Benin attended a workshop in Madagascar learning how the GSF Programme in Madagascar had successfully set up to coordinate ClTS activities. In Pakistan, the GSF programme is being established through a national consultation and identification of the programme scope, resulting in a guidance note to inform the development of the GSF‘s detailed Country Programme Proposal (CPP). The CPP is then further developed through sub-national consultation. Based on agreed criteria and strong analysis, one or more provinces and/or territories will be selected for investment. Input on the CPP from the GSF Advisory Committee, National Drinking Water and Sanitation Policy Implementation Committee (acting as the GSF Programme Coordinating Committee) and the GSF team in Geneva, will lead to finalization of the CPP which should be complete by the end of 2013. Following these processes, partners are to be identified and the programme can be officially launched.

The Country Programme Proposal for the GSF programme in Kenya is in the final stages. The tender process for the EA and CPM will be advertised soon. The GSF programme in Togo is about to kick-off and the CPP has been approved. The PCM, in the CPP proposed that UNICEF Togo takes up the role as EA. This was approved by the WSSCC Steering Committee in its meeting in October 2012. The EA’s technical and financial proposals are approved but the process has been delayed due to lengthy negotiation between UNICEF and UNOPS. The GSF programme in Bangladesh is proceeding slowly to establish a CPP. In Mali, on-going security issues have led to a postponement of programming.

Programmes being signed, launched or commencing ground work in the second half of 2013

nigEria Despite delays in the start of the GSF programme in Nigeria, mostly due to complexities of scale in Africa’s most populous nation, the CPM, PCM and EA are working to put support structures in place and have embarked on a comprehensive training programme on ClTS in all targeted programme areas. The GSF programme, known locally as Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion in Nigeria (RUSHPIN) targets two states in south eastern Nigeria: Cross River and Benue. In the Country Programme Proposal the GSF is funding three local Government Agencies per state and Government of Nigeria is matching the funding covering the same activities in an additional three local Government Agencies in each state. In addition whereas the GSF programme is focused on communities, the government programme is funding improved sanitation in schools, public places and health centres.

sEnEgalBy mid-2013, 78,793 people live in ODF environments (up from 24,700 by end 2012). The number of people using improved toilets, 14,148 people is down from 17,300 reported at the end of 2012 due to revised criteria of improved latrines in order to conform to the JMP definition and improved data verification. In February the Executing Agency AGETIP helped coordinate the celebration of the GSF programme in Senegal’s first ODF declarations in 6 villages in Matam province. In addition the festivities promoted the launch of the mass media campaign, designed to change behaviour on open defecation through Tv and radio broadcasts. The theme plays on the Senegalese pride in hospitality or ‘terranga’ to persuade the public they should provide an improved latrine to honour guests as well as for themselves and their family. The GSF programme in Senegal is undergoing a Mid-term Evaluation.

tanzaniaWSSCC’s funding to UNICEF in 2012 is drawing to a close following an interagency agreement to sustain momentum of the programme. A GSF Programme Director for the EA, Plan Tanzania, has been appointed and the full team is in place. Sub-grantee selection and evaluation is on-going. There is a shared improvement in strategic sector understanding and complementarity of programme implementation among partners including the Ministry of Health, UNICEF WASH section, SHARE and SDC. Plan is developing and deepening the details of the programme components of the CPP.

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PROGRESS REPORT 2013

Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative CounCil

15 Chemin Louis-Dunant

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Telephone: +41 22 560 8181

Fax: +41 22 560 8184

www.wsscc.org

wsscc@wsscc.org

Global Sanitation Fund ProGreSS rePort

2013 Mid -Year UpdateThe Global Sanitation Fund is a multi-donor trust fund established by WSSCC to help large numbers of poor people to attain safe sanitation services and adopt good hygienic practices. As of 30 June 2013, the Global Sanitation Fund supports work actively in Cambodia, Ethiopia, India, Madagascar, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda. In those countries, more than 100 sub-grantees have raised awareness of sanitation and hygiene nationally and in a number of regions. As a result of their work, around a million and a half people have access to and are using improved toilets, among other leading indicators of progress. This mid-year progress update presents the on-going results of GSF programme implementation.

www.wsscc.org/gsf

ABOVE: enFa, a HealtH worker in CHilowa villaGe in Malawi wHiCH HaS been SuPPorted by tHe GSF ProGraMMe: “beFore i Had to brinG More (reHydration SaltS) PeoPle were dead FroM diarrHea. Four yearS aGo tHey Had CHolera but now not any CaSeS” PHoto: katHerine anderSon / wSSCC

COVER iMAgE: a Girl in a villaGe near lake Malawi deMonStrateS Good Hand waSHinG teCHnique outSide an iMProved latrine in a villaGe SuPPorted by tHe GSF ProGraMMe. PHoto: katHerine anderSon / wSSCC

WSSCC gratefully acknowledges the donors that make the GSF work possible: the Governments of Australia, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

cadre cannondale