global update food security monitoring

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Global UpdateFood Security MonitoringOctober 2009 - February 2010 Issue No. 2

The Global Update provides food security information on trends on food access and utilization. Key food access indicators reported are foodconsumption, coping strategies and terms of trade. These indicators are proximate to nutritional status thus allow the early identification of

potential increases in malnutrition.

This update provides information on 33 countries for the period: fourth quarter 2009 through February 2010. It reports on changes of a selectset of indicators and makes conclusions about the food security situation. (See Annex for details on the indicators).

Three categories are used to classify the food security trend: Improved, No Change and Deteriorated. A summary of the food securitysituation is presented below:

30 March 2010

For more information, contact:

Joyce Luma. Chief, Food Security Analysis Service: [email protected]

Wanja Kaaria. Programme Adviser, Food Security Monitoring: [email protected]

World Food Programme, Via Cesare Giulio Viola,68/70 - 00148 Rome, Italywww.wfp.org/food-security

The Spanish Government provides financial support for thestrengthening of WFP's Food Security Monitoring Systems.The support also covers the preparation of the Global Update.

See Table for more detailed analysis by country and food security indicator.

33 countries covered by the Global Update

Improved:

Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Georgia (IDPs), Ghana (Northern Region), Indonesia, Madagascar, Nepal, Sierra Leone, Somalia

No Change:

Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Darfur, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, OPT (Gaza Strip), Swaziland, Tajikistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Deteriorated:

Burundi, Chad, Cte dIvoire, DRC (Katanga Province), Guatemala, Guinea-Conakry, Haiti, Kenya, Lesotho, Niger, Southern Sudan


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The prices of sorghum andmillet have respectivelydecreased by 7% and 6%since the previous quarterand increased by 5% anddecreased by 3% since

2008.

The prices of sorghum andmillet respectively 25%higher than the five-yearaverage.

Crop produwas aboveaverage bulower thanPastoral araffected by

in some pacountry.

WestAfri

ca

BURK

INAFASO

The price of sorghum hasdecreased by 4% since theprevious quarter andincreased by 4% since2008.The price of millethas increased by 4% sincethe previous quarter buthas remained stable since2008.

The prices of sorghum andmillet were respectively48% and 55% higher thanthe five-year average.

To cope households mostcommonly used thefollowing high riskstrategies: reducing thequality of food and theportion and/or reducingfrequency of mealsconsumed.

Cereal prodfell by an eSorghum aproductionrespective36% loweaffecting magro-pastoC

HAD

The prices of rice andcassava have respectively

increased by48%

and29% since the previousquarter and increased by104% and 41% since2008.

The prices of rice andcassava were respectively155% higher and 12%lower than the five-yearaverage.

67% of children betweenages 6 months and 23months had a 'poor' dietdiversity.

Malnutrition of childrenunder 5 was the highest in

Savenes, Moyen Cavally,Mintages and BasSassandra.

The number of householdsthat depend on subsistence

agriculture to cope hasrisen (exact numbers notavailable).

20% of households had toborrow to buy food.

National cewas about

which is s2008 aver

CTEDIVOIRE

Food Consumption(B)

Countries(A)

Prices(C)

Malnutrition(D)

Coping Strategies(E)

Purchasing Power(F)

Rainfall


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The prices of millet andsorghum were respectively4% and 11% higher

compared to last quarterand increased by 11% and7% since 2008.

The prices of millet andsorghum were respectively36% and 40% higher thanthe five-year average.

The Terms of Trade (TOT)between goat and milletwere more favorable for

goat herders (0.95kg ofmillet for 1 goat thisquarter compared to0.88kg last quarter).

The TOT between beansand millet depreciated infavour of beans.

Cereal profell by 26%millet prod

respective22% lowemainly affepastoral a

Due to a srains, pastpastoral arlivestock wthe lack ofpasture.

WestAfri

ca

NIGER

The prices of millet andimport rice wererespectively 4% and 3%lower since last quarter.Since 2008, the price ofmillet increased by 6% and

the price of import ricedecreased by 5%.

The prices of millet andimport rice wererespectively 19% and 16%higher than the five-yearaverage.

Due to a srains, pastpastoral aexperienceweight losof adequat

The produin 2009 roestimated

M

ALI

The prices of wheat andimport rice wererespectively 2% and 12%higher since last quarter.The price of wheatdecreased by 5% and the

price of import riceincreased by 9% since2008.

The prices of wheat andimport rice wererespectively 27% and 19%higher than the five-yearaverage.

In the pastcrop grow5-year averainfall su

Cereal pro

24%, ricedecreasedmaize prodincreased last year.

MAURITA

NIA

Food Consumption(B)

Countries(A)

Prices(C)

Malnutrition(D)


Purchasing Power(F)

Rainfall


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The prices of wheat andrice were respectively 41%and 8% higher than thefive-year average.

The Terms of Trade (TOT)between casual labor dailysalary and wheat haveimproved by 2% since lastquarter, 129% since thesame time last year,38.7% since two yearsago, and 21.4% before the

price crisis.

On average, the TOTbetween sheep and wheatimproved by 6.6% over thepast month and was110% higher compared toone year ago.

Cereal proincreased The wheatproductionrespective44% highe

Asia,MiddleEast&Commonwea

lthofIndependentStates

AFGHA

NISTAN

GEORGIA(IDPS)

The price of wheat flourhas decreased by 14%since the last quarter andby 17% since 2008.Theprice of maize has

increased by almost 15%since the previous quarterand by 1% since 2008.

The price of wheat flourwas decreased 26% belowthe five-year average.

Over 80% of householdshad an acceptable foodconsumption.O% had poorfood consumption (datacollected at IDP sites).

33% of householdsrecorded no use of high riskcoping strategies indicativeof low stress; the rest of thehouseholds either reduced

the size of frequency ofmeals (34%), bought oncredit or incurred debt(19%), sold assets (15%),sent a family memberabroad in search ofemployment (9%).

INDONESIA

The price of rice hasdecreased by 1% since theprevious quarter andincreased by 4% since2008.

The price of rice was 47%higher than the five-yearaverage.

The proportion ofhouseholds with poor foodconsumption was only 6%in November.

The proportion ofhouseholds that relied onsevere coping strategiesreduced significantly both inurban and rural areas. The

coping strategy index was14.1 in October and 8.9 inNovember.

Cereal proincreased Rice and mwere respe8% higher

Food Consumption(B)

Countries(A)

Prices(C)

Malnutrition(D)


Purchasing Power(F)

Rainfall


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Annex: Select set of food security monitoring indicators and their application

i. Food consumption denotes the quality and quantity of food consumed in the household. The Food Consumption Score (FCS)also usedwithin this context, is a composite score that is a good proxy of food consumption as it takes into account dietary diversity, food frequencyand relative nutritional importance of different food groups. The change between the third and fourth quarter is reported in Column B1.

ii. Prices are retail prices for the last quarter of 2009, which are compared to those of the last quarter of 2009 and to average prices of2003-07; (Column C).

iii. Malnutrition is an indication of insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of essential food required. Methods used to collect thisinformation include a variety of anthropometric measures (weight, height, age, and MUAC); (Column D).

iv. Coping strategies denote the behavioural actions adopted by households to offset or overcome a food access problem withoutcorrecting or eliminating the underlying condition.The Coping Strategies Index (CSI), also used in this update is a composite indexmeasuring the severity and frequency of strategies that households use in managing shortfalls in food consumption; (Column E).

v. Purchasing power is the ratio of two prices, i.e. a commodity being sold and a food staple being purchased; (Column F).

vi. Production reflects aggregate levels that impact on national or sub-national food availability; (Column G).

1. Caution should be applied when drawing conclusions of a more generalized nature as data has in some cases been collected from limited sentinel sites.

AcknowledgementsThe preparation of the Global Update is supported by Vagn Mikkelsen,Wanja Kaaria, Rama Mwanundu, Caroline Chaumont and Mario Musa.The team thanks Arif Husain, Senior Programme Adviser, Food Security Analysis, and the Regional Bureaux Advisors, in particular Jean-MartinBauer (ODD); Eric Kenefick, Sylvie Montembault (ODJ); Margaretha Barkhof (ODP); and Asif Niazi (ODC) for their inputs.

Sources

- Centro Internacional para la Investigacin del Fnomeno de el Nio, Boletn CIIFEN, January 2010

- FAO, Crop Prospects and Food Situation, February 2010

- FAO/GIEWS Country Briefs

- FAO/WFP, Special Report on Crops and Food Security Assessment Mission to Southern Sudan, 17 February 2010

- FAO/WFP, Informe Especial Evaluacin de Cosecha y Seguridad Alimentaria en Guatemala, 23 February 2010

- FAO/WFP, Special Report on Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission to Ethiopia, 26 February 2010

- FEWS NET, Monthly Security Updates, Alerts and Outlooks

- Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre website (www.internal-displacement.org)

- Namibia Early Warning and Food Information Unit (NEWFIU),Agricultural Inputs and Household Food Security Situation Report, December 2009

- Southern Africa Regional Food Security Update, 21 January 2010

- USAID, Complex Emergency Fact Sheets, Situation Reports

- WFP & Partners, Food Security Monitoring Reports/Updates, Market Price Bulletins

- WFP, The Market Monitor. Trends in Staple Food Prices in Vulnerable Countries, Issue No. 6, January 2010

October 2009 - February 2010 Issue No. 2

global update food security monitoring

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