GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING

PROS AND CONS

Dr. Bajnóczy GáborTonkó Csilla

BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESS ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The pictures and drawings of The pictures and drawings of this presentation can be this presentation can be used only for education !used only for education !

Any commercial use is Any commercial use is prohibited !prohibited !

Global warming: fact, no doubtGlobal warming: fact, no doubt

August ,1984

Mt. Hood Oregon

end of summer 2002

THE FACT OF GLOBAL WARMING CAN NOT BE THE FACT OF GLOBAL WARMING CAN NOT BE QUESTIONEDQUESTIONED

1941 2004

Bruce Molnia,Glacier Bay National Park, 2004, U.S. Geological Survey USA

What is the reason?

BECAUSE OF THE PEOLE (LET’S SHAME US)!

UNCONTROLLABLE PROCESS?

GLOBAL WARMING: FACT, NO DOUBTGLOBAL WARMING: FACT, NO DOUBT

Global warming, greenhouse Global warming, greenhouse eeffectffect

CO2

C O2

Energia elnyelés

hő

láthatófény

heat

visible light

energy dissipation

Drastic increase in carbon dioxide Drastic increase in carbon dioxide concentration since the industrial concentration since the industrial

revolutionrevolution

Greenhouse gases: not only carbon Greenhouse gases: not only carbon dioxidedioxide

Methane organic matter decomposition (paddy field, landfill)

Nitrous oxide (N2O) biomass burning, fluidized boiler,

catalytic cars, nitrogen fertilizer

Chlor-fluor-carbon gases refrigerators, solvents, blowing

GREENHOUSE EFFECT ALWAYS WAS AND ALWAYS WILL BE; GREENHOUSE EFFECT ALWAYS WAS AND ALWAYS WILL BE; CAUSE: WATER VAPORCAUSE: WATER VAPOR

http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/TableOfCont.htmlThey do not beleve in the role of carbon-dioxide.

Water vapor and greenhouse Water vapor and greenhouse effecteffect

Earth’s average temperature

increseas

Evaporation increases, Greenhouse Effect

intensifies

Evaporation increases, amount of cloud increases, irradiation decreases, Earth’

average temperaturedecreases

PERIODICALLY CHANGING CLIMATEPERIODICALLY CHANGING CLIMATE

? ?

GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING

Everything is based on something!

Yes, this may cause the warming

This is true, but don’t cause such a rapid

warming

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PERIODICALLY CLIMATE CHANGEPOSSIBLE CAUSES OF PERIODICALLY CLIMATE CHANGE

1. Periodically change of solar flares (period of time: 11 and 206 years)

2. Change of Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun (period of time: 100 000 years) irradiation change - about 0,2%

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PERIODICALLY CLIMATE CHANGEPOSSIBLE CAUSES OF PERIODICALLY CLIMATE CHANGE

3. Angle of Earth’s Axis change (period of time: 41 000 years)

4. Change of day and night equal date (period of time: 22 00 years) irradiation change – about 15%

During an equinox, the Earth is not tilted toward or away from the Sun and the length of the day is the same at all points on the Earth's surface.

Air pollutant: heating and cooling Air pollutant: heating and cooling effecteffect

Particle pollution

↓global

cooling?

25% of atmospheric particle are anthropogenic

There were warmer There were warmer periods!periods!

COCO22 average temperatureaverage temperature

Better safe than sorry !

Can we do something against Can we do something against global warming?global warming?

European Union is committed

USA: no commercial interest

Developing countries(China, India, etc.):It’s not the biggest

problem

Renewable energy against the global Renewable energy against the global warmingwarming

NO CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONNO CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION

Water energy Solar energy Wind energy Geothermal energy Biomass Tidal energy (Lunar energy) Wave energy

Let‘s see the possibilities in Hungary ?

Water energyWater energy

It is a real hydroelectric plant

Hydroelectric plants in Hydroelectric plants in HungaryHungary

Tiszalök 11,4 MW Kisköre 28 MW

Electric power plants in Hungary ~ 9400 MW

No level differences on flat area !

Solar energySolar energyIT IS SAID, IT IS FREE, LET US USE IT.

Low energy density: 1kW/m2

What is the situation in Hungary?

Incoming: july 5 kWh/m2day jan. 1,5 kWh/m2day

Available: july 2,8 kWh/m2day jan. 1,1 kWh/m2day

DOMESTIC HOT WATER SUPPLY (FAMILY HOUSE)200 dm3 60°C water/day claims: 14 kWh/dayCollector surface: ≈ 12 – 15 m2

Domestic hot water: YES Heating: Not enough

DOMESTIC HEATING (100 m2 FAMILY HOUSE)Average heat output (6 winter moth): 1,4 kWh/m2. It' average is far from the peak !!claims: 1400 m2 Collector surface: ≈ 140 - 180 m2

Solar power plantSolar power plant

464 000 m2 collector area 80 MW

Wind energyWind energy

Well known from ancient time

Wind energyWind energy

1 MW wind turbine: height : 45 meter, rotor diameter : 55 meter

Europe’s wind turbine output: ≈ 40 000 MW

Problem: the storage of electric energy. If there is no wind, a conventional fast response power plant capacity must be available.

Wind farms on land and off shore

Geothermal energyGeothermal energy

Geothermal energyGeothermal energy Hungary’s potential in geothermal energy is quite remarkable

Problem: thermal waste

The currently used methods for the discharge of utilized thermal water involves: direct discharge into sub-surface water sources (reinjection), discharge into periodical water courses and discharge into receiving waters directly or indirectly (through drainage).

Only about 20 are injection wells, although recent legislation prohibits new geothermal systems from being established without injection; only waters used for balneotherapy are allowed to be discharged at the surface.

Energy from biomassEnergy from biomassRealistic in Hungary ?

Different sources

WoodUsed for hundreds of years.Forest area is not too much in Hungary.

pellet

chipsforest

Energy from biomassEnergy from biomassenergy plants instead of wood

Szarvas - energy grass

Energy willow

Energy poplar1 and 3 years old

35 km2 1 MW

whole area of Hungary 2657 MW