Adbusters. Retrieved 1/25/06: http://adbusters.org/spoofads/misc/bump/

Political GeographySUPERNATIONALISM:Globalization & pro-trade organizations

Nationalism vs. globalism

Globalization:“… a process by which the

economies of the world become increasingly integrated, leading to

a global economy and, increasingly, global economic policymaking, for example,

through economic agencies such as the World Trade Organization

(WTO).” (Todaro and Smith. Economic Development, 8th ed.

Addison-Wesley, p. 510)

Laissez-faire policies vs….Economic protectionism • Tariffs• Quotas• “Voluntary’ quotas• Excessive standards• Internal subsidies• Control for security purposes• Etc., etc.Retaliation / “trade war”

Economic sectors• Quaternary• Tertiary, including “intellectual property” • Secondary • Primary

Intellectual capital(The Chive, September 2013)

Still more terminology: Developed & Developing WorldsFirst, (Second,) Third, (Fourth)

WorldsNorth – South

Core & periphery

GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Beginning 1947

Stages of economic integration:• Free trade area• Common market (+ free

movement of capital and labor)• Economic union (+ common

economic and monetary policies, common currency, etc.)

Source: unknown

Retrieved September 20, 2010: http://europa.eu/

Flickr.com, US-Mexico Border near Tijuana.Retrieved May 21, 2008:http://www.flickr.com/photos/infinitewilderness/254375359/

Flickr.com, Germany-Austria Border CrossingRetrieved May 21, 2008:http://flickr.com/photos/wherearethejoneses/1244014060/

CIA. Retrieved 1/25/06: http://www.cia.gov/cia/reports/globaltrends2015/754303.gif

CIA World Factbook, Rank Order - GDP (purchasing power parity)Retrieved May 21, 2008:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html

Guardian. European cartoons on the Brexit. March 20, 2016: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/mar/20/brexit-silly-walk-best-political-cartoons-eu-europe-referendum

Usando Internet para la docencia y la investigación de la Economía. Retrieved 1/25/06: www.eumed.net/cursecon/17/NAFTA.jpg

Southwest Indiana Development Council. Retrieved 1/26/06: www.swidc.org/NewFiles/transpor.htm

US Census Bureau. Foreign Trade: Total U.S. Exports (Origin of Movement) from Mississippi. Retrieved July 14, 2016: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/state/data/ms.html#ctry

Mississippi Gift Company. Retrieved September 24, 2014: http://www.themississippigiftcompany.com/cotton-items.aspx

PBS. Retrieved 1/25/06: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/images/economy/jan-june01/ftaa09.jpg

SachatamiaGroup, the current events and politics weblog for global teenagers. Retrieved 1/25/06: http://sachatamiagroup.blogsome.com/images/FTAA.gif

Wikipedia, Map of International OrganizationsRetrieved May 21, 2008:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Regional_Organizations_Map.png

152 Members

World Trade Organization. What is the WTO? Retrieved May 19, 2008: http://www.wto.org

WTO: map of members

Retrieved May 19, 2008: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:WTO_map_2005en.png

Retrieved September 24, 2014: http://gatt.org

World Trade Organization: January 1, 1995

Sanctions: embargo on exports, boycott on imports

(blockade in the case of Cuba?)

The World Bank: http://www.worldbank.org

The International Monetary Fund: http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm

Common Criticisms of the IMF: Some Responses http://forecasturkey.com/Articles/Other/course%20material/Common%20Criticisms%20of%20the%20IMF.PDF