globalization and working conditions in cambodia
TRANSCRIPT
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University of CambodiaUniversity of Cambodia
Course code: SOC103
Lecturer: PUM Somonyrak
Room: Prasat Kravan
Session: Afternoon
Academic Year: 2010 - 2011
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Topic
Globalization and
Working Conditions
in Cambodia
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Group members
BUN Seng Kong
KEO Chakriya
CHAN Sokharath
CHEA Moniroth
TEP Vannittey
PHOAN Putheary
60-49-31
60-49-56
60-24-04
60-32-70
60-51-18
60-36-74
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Content
Introduction
What is Globalization?
History of Globalization
T
extB
odyI. Cambodia Working conditions
Employers
Employees
II. Regional Cross border Migration
Thailand Malaysia
Korea
Conclusion
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Introduction
What is Globalization?
Globalization refers to the
process of exposing to one
anothers culture.
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What is Globalization ? .,(Cont)
According to
Thomas Friedman,Globalization is a
phenomenon making
the world becoming
smaller and flatter.
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Customs and Traditions
In 2006, he wrote an
international bestseller book :
The World Is Flat.
He discusses the ten forcesflattening our world.
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What is Globalization ? .,(Cont)
Nandan Nilekani,
a former CEO, of Infosys, coined
the words : The World is flat.
Three main forces :
1. Netscape went public in 1995
2. Uploading
3. Outsourcing
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ABriefHistory of Globalization
Globalization 1.0 :
1492 to 1800s.
Globalization 2.0 :
1800s to 2000s.
Globalization 3.0:2000s to present
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I. Cambodia
Working Conditions Employers
Employees
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Employers
Mr. Righter
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Cambodian Typhoons
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Low wages
Labor contract
Workplaces Working environment.
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Employers
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Employees
Trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Migration
are increased because of Globalization.
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Decrease the unemployment rate
Poverty reduction
Higher wages to employees with financial and non-
financial support.
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Employees
Workers have to face strong competition in a
globalized world.
Lead to oversee migration. For instance,
Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea.
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Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and
working conditions.
The jobs are not the suitable ones.
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II. Regional Cross
Border
Migrations
Malaysia
Thailand
Korea
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Cambodian Labors in Malaysia
1. Statistic
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Migrants Domestic
work*
Factories
Both sexes Males Females Both sexes Males Females
1998 120 / 120 120
1999 86 / 86 86
2000 502 307 195 82 420 307 113
2001 846 302 504 383 453 342 111
2002 1049 246 803 437 612 246 366
2003 573 73 500 500 73 73 /
2004 809 105 704 582 227 105 1222005 1776 467 1309 1008 768 467 301
2006 859 172 687 497 362 172 190
Total 6620 1712 4908 3705 2915 1712 1203
In 2010, the report said, labor recruiting agencies sent 16,395 workers to Malaysia,
compared to a total 2,654 in 2008. Of those in 2010, nearly 12,000 were women sent
as domestic workers.
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2. Causes
Opportunities for Cambodian domestic
workers in Malaysia have expanded rapidly
since 2008, when Indonesia stopped sending
migrant workers there because of human rightsabuse allegations.
Growing industry plus refusal of Malaysian to
do the 3D jobs.
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3. Who and How?
Who are the migrant workers?
How are they recruited?
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4. What are the danger?
detention
3D work conditions (agriculture, manufacture,entertainment and domestic servants)
low salary
no holiday
debt bondages
segregation at the workplace- low perspective-abuse
confiscation of document, permit, or otherdocuments
lack of law
sexual harassment
limited or no access to healthcare
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5. Regulation
no standard fair contract employment
no adequate laws to protect migrant workers
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Cambodian Labor in Thailand
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Around the globe, there are more than 100 million migrant workers
(ILO: 2009). The funds they send home have been estimated at $316
billion in 2009, down 6 percent from $336 billion in 2008 (World Bank,
2010).
For Cambodia, she had sent more than 50,000 workers to work abroad,
all of them in Asian countries.
As many as 51,647 Cambodians were working in Thailand, Malaysia,
South Korea (and Japan).
27,152 in Malaysia
16,197 in Thailand
8,201 in South Korea
97 in Japan
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There are two factors for the Cambodia laborers migrating to Thailand,push and pull factors. Push factor: a shortage of job in the country
Pull factor: high wage in Thailand
There are two basics types of labor migration: Those who work and stay for months or years inside Thailand
And Those who work in areas near the border
Thailand has received migrant workers from Cambodia since 1994,
most are undocumented or irregular. Official migration started only in 2006, following a memorandum of
understanding between Thailand and Cambodia signed in May 2003.
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I.I. Cause of work migrationCause of work migration
The living condition
Poverty
Uneducated
Persuading by friends or neighbors
Most of them are living near the border, so
they would easily work their.
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II. Effect of Cambodia MigrationII. Effect of Cambodia Migration
To Citizens themselvesTo Citizens themselves
1. Might be easy to cheat by other bad people
2. Could be killed by Thai soldier
3. Discrimination
4. Unfair with the well-fare
5. Hard and disgusting workplaces
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To Society or governmentTo Society or government
1. Human trafficking over the Cambodian women
2. Drug trafficking will get through to the country
by this migration, especially; along the Cambodia
borders.
3. Human resources and employment in the
country will be decreased
4. Conflict between the both countries
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Where is the Law ?
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Cambodia Labors in South Korea
Diplomatic RelationsDiplomatic Relations
Cambodia and KoreaCambodia and Korea
-- Cambodia started to build diplomaticrelations with Korea since 1970.
- Relationship was damaged when the Khmer
Rouge took power 1975.- 1996,
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Number of Cambodian workersNumber of Cambodian workers
In 2008, Korea accepted 65 000 workers
from 15 countries.
In 2009, it declined, 17 000 workers.
Cambodian workersCambodian workers
2008, about 4000 workers in South Korea
Economic crisis, Korea reduced the numberof Cambodian workers, more than 1475.
2009, 86% were men and the rest were
women.
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Number of Cambodian workers., (Cont)Number of Cambodian workers., (Cont)
In the half of 2011, Cambodian workers in
Korea increase to 2,645
this number increase 100% compare to the
same period in 2010.
Cambodian workers are likely to work in
Korea more than any other countriesbecause of high return.
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Working sectorsWorking sectors
Male workers mostly employed in
Industrial and Construction sectors,
While,
Female workers are employed in
Agriculture sectors.
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How are they recruited?
By Labor Agency in Cambodia,.
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Conclusion
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