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Globalization Globalization Theme: Impact of Theme: Impact of globalization and globalization and related responses related responses (2) (2) 7 Political 7 Political dimension of dimension of globalization globalization

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Page 1: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

GlobalizationGlobalizationTheme: Impact of Theme: Impact of globalization and related globalization and related responses (2)responses (2)

7 Political dimension of 7 Political dimension of globalizationglobalization

Page 2: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

Theme Theme MindMind Map MapDifferent Different perceptions of perceptions of globalizationglobalization

Different Different discourses on discourses on globalizationglobalization

Economic Economic dimension of dimension of globalizationglobalization

Cultural Cultural dimension of dimension of globalizationglobalization

Different Different reactions to reactions to globalizationglobalization

The mainland and The mainland and Hong Kong under Hong Kong under globalizationglobalization

Impact of Impact of economic economic globalizationglobalization

3

12

57

11

48

10

Political Political dimension of dimension of globalizationglobalization

Impact of Impact of political political globalizationglobalization

Factors which Factors which influence the influence the spread and spread and evenness of the evenness of the impact of impact of globalizationglobalization

9Impact of Impact of

globalization and globalization and related responsesrelated responses

6Impact of cultural Impact of cultural globalizationglobalization

Page 3: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?

7 Political dimension of globalization

To learn the meaning of political globalization

To understand the relationship between global issues and political globalization

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?

To explore whether the international To explore whether the international arena is a level playing fieldarena is a level playing field

To learn the participants of global To learn the participants of global governancegovernance

To learn the meaning and To learn the meaning and development of ‘global development of ‘global governance’governance’

To understand how the different aspects To understand how the different aspects of globalization are interconnectedof globalization are interconnected

To reflect the impact of political globalization on our life

To appreciate the ideologies of To appreciate the ideologies of ‘cosmopolitanism’ and ‘global citizenship’‘cosmopolitanism’ and ‘global citizenship’

Page 4: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Exploration

JourneyJourney

How do political affairs spread across the world?

1

Page 5: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

Why do domestic Why do domestic affairs of an affairs of an individual country individual country arouse global arouse global concern?concern?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Page 6: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

The definition of political globalization

What is ‘political globalization’?What is ‘political globalization’?

• It refers to the strengthening and expansion of political ties between all countries or regions.  

• Specifically, political globalization can be interpreted in two aspects:  

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

─ One one hand, it refers to the process in which individual countries’ acts are increasingly subject to the constraints of global norms.  

─ On the other hand, it refers to the process in which all governments have more opportunities to participate and exert their influence in the decision-making of international affairs.  

Page 7: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

The background to the development of political globalization• After the European countries signed the Treaty of

Westphalia in 1648, sovereign states became the only legal actors at the international level.

What is ‘political globalization’?What is ‘political globalization’?

Signatories:

• Kingdom of Spain

• Holy Roman Empire and the constituent states

• House of Bourbon of the French Empire

• Kingdom of Sweden

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

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The background to the development of political globalization

• However, as all kinds of global issues arise, it is difficult for individual countries to deal with the issues on their own.

What is ‘political globalization’?What is ‘political globalization’?

• International organizations and transnational corporations play an increasingly important role in some global issues and even gradually transcend the leading status of the sovereign states.

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Page 9: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

Is political globalization interacting with economic and Is political globalization interacting with economic and cultural globalization?cultural globalization?

Economic globalization

Political globalization

Cultural globalization

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

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The relationship between political globalization and economic globalization

Is political globalization interacting with economic and Is political globalization interacting with economic and cultural globalization?cultural globalization?

• Under economic globalization, all economies are more closely integrated.

• A force which encourages free trade and prohibits national trade barriers and protectionism was formed.  

Free trade enhances the flow of goods

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

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The relationship between political globalization and economic globalization

• If an individual country adopts protectionism, it will be regarded as a breach of the international norm. The country will be criticized or even boycotted.  

Is political globalization interacting with economic and Is political globalization interacting with economic and cultural globalization?cultural globalization?

• To ensure the smooth progress of free trade between members, some international organizations require their members to sign treaties.

Free trade

Protectionism

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Page 12: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

The relationship between political globalization and economic globalization

Is political globalization interacting with economic and Is political globalization interacting with economic and cultural globalization?cultural globalization?

• To attract investments, non-Western countries (especially the developing countries) adopt Western laws, regulations and systems.

• This reflects that national policies are affected by economic activities.

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

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The relationship between political globalization and economic globalization

• Under cultural globalization, the spread of some universal values (such as democracy, liberty and human rights) influences human values.

Is political globalization interacting with economic and Is political globalization interacting with economic and cultural globalization?cultural globalization?

• Besides, a leader’s personal values and those commonly existing among the people of a nation all affect diplomatic policy-making.

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Page 14: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

Global issues foster political globalizationHow do global issues foster political globalization?How do global issues foster political globalization?

Conventionally, political activities are confined to a state; all countries adopt their own policies to deal with local issues.

Policies→Local issues

Policies→Local issues

Policies→Local issues

Policies→Local issues

Policies→Local issues

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

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Global issues foster political globalizationHow do global issues foster political globalization?How do global issues foster political globalization?

With closer ties between all countries, the issues faced no longer have geographical constraints. People all over the world gradually face the same global issues and all countries need to join hands to solve them, resulting in globalization of political acts.

Policies→Global issues

Policies→Global issues

Policies→Global issues

Policies→Global issues

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Policies→Global issues

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Global issues foster political globalizationHow do global issues foster political globalization?How do global issues foster political globalization?

• Global issues have a cross-boundary impact. Even though different countries or regions are affected differently by global issues, international cooperation is needed for solving the issues. This has prompted the globalization of political activities.

• Examples of global issues: Climate change and environmental pollution

Wars and transnational crimes

Disease and its prevention Poverty and uneven

distribution of wealth

Protection of human rights

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs Exploration Journey 1: How do political affairs spread across the world?spread across the world?

Page 17: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Exploration

JourneyJourney2

Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?

Page 18: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

Under political globalization, is the role of a state still important?

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The definition of global governanceWhat is ‘global governance’?What is ‘global governance’?

• It refers to the governance mode which aims at handling global issues through political interaction at different levels.

International

Regional

Between countries

Between localities

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

• It includes the cooperation between countries and participation of international organizations.

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The emergence of global governanceWhat is ‘global governance’?What is ‘global governance’?

• Global issues arise under globalization:

• Global governance has become an essential mode of governance for handling the above issues.

Widespread epidemics

Transnational crimes Climate change

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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The emergence of global governanceWhat is ‘global governance’?What is ‘global governance’?

Today, global governing bodies have offices covering all over the world. Examples are:

The United Nations

The World Trade Organization

The Organization for Economic Co-operation

and Development

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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The interaction between the participants of global governance

The participants of global governance include:

• State governments• Transnational

corporations•International organizations (IGOs and INGOs)

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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International organizations

The interaction between the participants of global governance

International governmental organization

• A body formed by a number of sovereign states for a specific purpose

• IGOs have gradually gained importance, and they always lead the direction of the international community’s public policies

International

non-governmental organization

• A transnational institution formed by non-governmental groups

• INGOs handle transnational and ethnic issues so they receive attention from all governments

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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The interaction between the participants of global governance

State governments

• IGOs are formed with sovereign states as the legal members. Member states send their delegates to discuss and vote in the process of decision-making.

• Individual countries can exert different levels of influence in the international organizations.

The delegate from China (who raises his hand) engages in discussion in the UN. The one sitting next to him is the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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The interaction between the participants of global governance

Transnational corporations

• Under economic globalization, there are free flows of capital, labour and technologies.

• To attract investments from transnational corporations which come from the West, the developing countries tend to modify their economic systems based on the Western model.

Shanghai-based factory of Coca-cola

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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The interaction between the participants of global governance

Transnational corporations

• Apart from shaping government policies, transnational corporations pursue corporate social responsibility and adopt certain extent of self-supervision so as to promote environmental protection and social responsibility.

Starbucks shows concern for the needs of farmers in its promotional advertisement.

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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Participants of global governance: Public health

IGOs World Health Organization

UNITAID

INGOs Médecins Sans Frontières

International Committee of

Red Cross

State governments

Sovereign state governments

Transnational corporations

Transnational pharmaceutical companies,

such as Pfizer and GSK

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The definition of transnational rules

What are ‘transnational rules’?What are ‘transnational rules’?

• ‘Transnational rules’ can be interpreted as the general name for agreed international legal instruments signed between two or more countries or international organizations or between countries and international organizations.

• They include:

Treaty Charter Protocol Agreement CovenantConvention

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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The reasons for signing transnational rulesWhy are transnational rules signed?Why are transnational rules signed?

• In the face of widely influential global issues, countries must work together more closely in order to reach their common goals.

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

• Signing the transnational rules makes the attainment of goals more binding.

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The reasons for signing transnational rulesWhy are transnational rules signed?Why are transnational rules signed?

Transnational rules:

• Can be formed with the help from international organizations or they may be reached upon the consensus of the participating countries.

• Can be legally binding or purely serve as guidelines.

• May involve most countries or regions in the world or only a few.

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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Is there a level playing field Is there a level playing field in the international arena in the international arena under global governance?under global governance?

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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Fairness of the playing field in the international arena under global governance

To study objectively whether there is a level playing field in the international arena, we can analyze the issue from three perspectives:

Fair?System of

international organizations

Global economy and trade

National political influence

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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Fairness of the playing field in the international arena under global governance

System of international organizations

• On becoming a member of an international governmental organization, a country enjoys the endowed rights and must discharge the due obligations.

Rights: to participate in discussions and votingResponsibility: to pay membership fees

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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Fairness of the playing field in the international arena under global governance

Global economy and trade:

• The developed countries can create favorable conditions for themselves in international trade through their political and economic strength. They force the weak developing countries to sign treaties which contain clauses that bring profits to the developed countries.

• Many developing countries have no alternative but accept passively the rules set by the developed countries.

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

Page 35: Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses (2) 7 Political dimension of globalization globalization

Fairness of the playing field in the international arena under global governance• The developed countries put up trade barriers to the main

export industries of the developing countries. For agricultural:

Developing countries

Developed countries

•Heavy subsidization

•Substantial dumping of agricultural products

Free trade!

•Abolishing tariffs

•Cutting policy subsidies

•Opening up markets

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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Fairness of the playing field in the international arena under global governance

Global issuesNational political influence

Developing countries

• Relatively backward

• Economically poorer

• Depend on the developed countries’commodity markets

Accept the proposals made by the developed

countries

Draw back

Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?Exploration Journey 2: Does political globalizationExploration Journey 2: Does political globalization help to re-organize the world order?help to re-organize the world order?

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