globe metadata analysis
DESCRIPTION
Large-scale analysis of the Learning Object MetdTRANSCRIPT
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On the use of Learning Object Metadata
the GLOBE experience
Xavier Ochoa, ESPOLJoris Klerkx, KULeuvenBram Vandeputte, KULeuvenErik Duval, KULeuven
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LOM is known and widely used
But its real use is not known
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How much space 1000 LOM instances will take?
What are the most used elements of LOM?
Is it really a “standard”?
Has it been extended as designed?
Is it better than Dublin Core for Educational Resources?
What is the information stored in real instances?
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We need: Large-Scale, Real-World, Heterogeneous
We select: GLOBE
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GLOBE
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http://www.globe-info.org/
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Large-Scale: 630.000+ instances
Real-World: being used and created
Heterogeneous: 7 networks of LORs4 continents
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Results
The interesting stuff
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Size
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Size
≈ 5 Kb
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LOM Elements Use
What parts of LOM are used anyway?
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TitleIdentifierLanguage
DescriptionKeyword
LearningObjectKindStructure
AggregationLevelCoverage
Contribute.RoleContribute.Entity
Contribute.DateStatus
VersionIdentifier
Contribute.RoleContribute.Entity
Contribute.DateLanguage
MetadataSchemaLocation
FormatRequirement
SizeDuration
Requirement.OrCompositeLearningResourceType
TypicalAgeRangeIntendedEndUser
ContextInteractivityTypeInteractivityLevel
LanguageDifficulty
CopyrightCost
DescriptionKind
Resource.IdentifierResource.Description
TaxonPathPurpose
Taxon
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
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TitleIdentifierLanguage
DescriptionKeyword
LearningObjectKindStructure
AggregationLevelCoverage
Contribute.RoleContribute.Entity
Contribute.DateStatus
VersionIdentifier
Contribute.RoleContribute.Entity
Contribute.DateLanguage
MetadataSchemaLocation
FormatRequirement
SizeDuration
Requirement.OrCompositeLearningResourceType
TypicalAgeRangeIntendedEndUser
ContextInteractivityTypeInteractivityLevel
LanguageDifficulty
CopyrightCost
DescriptionKind
Resource.IdentifierResource.Description
TaxonPathPurpose
Taxon
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
G.TitleG.IdentifierG.LanguageG.DescriptionG.KeywordL.ContributionRoleL.ContirubtionEntityM.IdentifierM.ContributorRoleM.ContributorEntityM.ContributorDateT.LocationT.FormatE.LearningResourceTypeR.CopyrightR.CostR.DescriptionC.TaxonPathC.PurposeC.Taxon
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G.TitleG.IdentifierG.LanguageG.DescriptionG.KeywordL.ContributionRoleL.ContirubtionEntityM.IdentifierM.ContributorRoleM.ContributorEntityM.ContributorDateT.LocationT.FormatE.LearningResourceTypeR.CopyrightR.CostR.DescriptionC.TaxonPathC.PurposeC.Taxon
CreatorIdentifierTitleDateTypeSubjectDescription
LOM
DC
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G.TitleG.IdentifierG.LanguageG.DescriptionG.KeywordL.ContributionRoleL.ContirubtionEntityM.IdentifierM.ContributorRoleM.ContributorEntityM.ContributorDateT.LocationT.FormatE.LearningResourceTypeR.CopyrightR.CostR.DescriptionC.TaxonPathC.PurposeC.Taxon
CreatorIdentifierTitleDateTypeSubjectDescription
LOM
DC
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LOM uses 20 out of 50 elements
But captures more information than DC
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Educational Section
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4 out of 11 Educational elements
Community dependent
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LOM Vocabulary Usage
What is stored on LOM?
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Educational.Context
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Right.Cost
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Rights.Copyrights
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If you too want to play...
http://is.gd/globemetadata
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LOM Extensions
What LOM forgot…
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Only 3 additions:
• General – Learning Object Kind (MACE) – 30.000 Instances
• Technical – Geolocation (MACE)– 7.000 Instances
• General – Subtitle (KERIS)– 5.000 Instances
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There is little need of extension
Nobody wants more electronic fields!
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LOM XMLValidation Analysis
Is it an interoperability standard?
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LOM validation
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Most common errors (loose)
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LOM XML loose is widely implemented
LOM XML strict is not
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Good structural interoperability
Although the value space is not clear
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vCard causes 68% errors
LOM developers hate vCard
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LOM Metadata Quality Analysis
Those pesky indexers…
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Diversity of Vocabulary usage
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Diversity of Vocabulary usage
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Diversity of Vocabulary usage
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Quality of Textual Descriptions
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Quality of Textual Descriptions
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Quality of Textual Descriptions
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Quality of Textual Descriptions
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There must be a QA process
That is true for bothautomatic and manual metadata
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Conclusion of the Conclusions
This kind of studies should be made an integral part of the
development of LOM(or any other metadata standard)
(or any other Learning technology)
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Want the data?Want the code?
https://sites.google.com/site/globemetadata/
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Gracias / Thank you / Grazie
Xavier [email protected]://ariadne.cti.espol.edu.ec/xavierTwitter: @xaoch