glosary spanish english paper crespodyncoopnetdigital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/28394/2/glossary...

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Glosary Spanish‐English

Complementary working Paper to CrespoDynCoopNet Data Collection

Translated by

Dr. Neda Bezerra,

Geographically‐Integrated History Laboratory,

Idaho State University, USA.

Glossary for the table ACCIONES

‐ Acaban de pagar el prestamo ‐ They have just paid the loan.

‐ A cuenta y riesgo de Francisco de Huivela – On account and risk of Francisco de Huivela.

‐ Acusado de cargar mas de los 300,000 ducados de plata permitidos – Accused of charging more than 300,000 ducados (Spanish currency at the time) of “palta permitidos.” (I cannot translate “palta permitidos)

‐ Adelanto de Dinero desde Amsterdam para pagar al consignatario –Advancement of money from Amsterdam to pay the cosigner.

‐ Agentes Empresa – Agents of the Enterprise (business agents).

‐ Algodón – Cotton.

‐ Almacenaje de mercancias en Cádiz ‐ Storage of merchandise in Cádiz.

‐ América desde otra frontera…/Crespo Solana, A. p.1 – America from another border…/Crisp sunny Spot, A. p. 1.

‐ Apresado por Barbanegra antes de llegar a su destino – Detained by Barbanegra before arriving at its destination.

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‐ Apresó el Señora Ribea en isla Catalina ‐ Retained (taken into custody) Mrs. Ribea in Catalina Island.

‐ Armada de Corso – Corsican Armada (fleet of warships).

‐ Aseguran el navío en cuestión – They insure the ship in question.

‐ Asiento de pertrechos navales ‐ Seat of naval supplies.

‐ Asiento de Pertrechos navales y construcción de buques ‐ Seat of naval supplies and shipbuilding.

‐ Autor – Author.

‐ Cacau – Cocoa.

‐ Caldo de limón – Lemon juice.

‐ Canastas – Baskets.

‐ Cargan mercancias en este navío, aseguradas en 10.000 pesos – They load merchandise on this ship, insured for 10,000 pesos.

‐ Carga por valor de 343.219 reales de plata antigua en la Flota a Nueva España de 1735 – Cargo in the amount of 343,219 reales of old silver in the Fleet to New Spain of 1735.

‐ Carta de Pago de 16.855 reales de plata a través de Pablo Guzmán – Receipt of payment of 16.855 reales worth of silver through Pablo Guzmán.

‐ Cobra el seguro – Charges of insurance.

‐ Cobra el 50% del seguro ya que no se tiene constancia del navío – 50% of insurance charge since as the ship’s whereabout is unknown.

‐ Cobre – Copper.

‐ Comerciantes de Amsterdam ‐ Merchants from Amsterdam.

‐ Comerciantes de Hamburgo ‐ Merchants from Hamburg.

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‐ Comerciantes y Casas de Negocios en Cádiz (1650‐1700)./ Carrasco González, Mª.G. p. 28 – Merchants and Houses of Business in Cadiz (1650‐1700)./ Carrasco González, Mª. G. p. 28.

‐ Comercio a Indias de 84 frangotes de ruanes y 8 cofres a su cuenta y riesgo – Indies commerce of 84 young roans and 8 chests on his account and risk.

‐ Comercio de cajas de añil y vainillas a Brest – Commerce of indigo and vanillas boxesto Brest.

‐ Comercio con Londres‐Jamaica‐Londres – Commerce with London‐Jamaica‐London.

‐ Comercio de esclavos, Africa‐Caribe – Commerce of slaves, Africa‐Caribbean.

‐ Comercio de esclavos para la corona española – Commerce of slaves for the Spanish crown.

‐ Comercio Curaçao‐Amsterdam ‐ Curaçao‐Amsterdam commerce.

‐ Comercio de Cueros – Leather commerce.

‐ Comercio de Grana – Seed commerce.

‐ Comercio de manufacturas por productos africanos y esclavos – Manufacture commerce for African products and slaves.

‐ Comercio de Textiles de Tournay valorados en 20.265 reales de plata, para venderlos en Sevilla e Indias – Tournay textile commerce in the amount of 20,265 silver reales, to be sold in Seville and Indies.

‐ Comercio de vino, aceite, aceitunas y jabón entre Mallorca‐Benicarlo y Santa Cruz de Tenerife – Wine, oil, olives and soap commerce between Majorca‐Benicarlo and Santa Cruz of Tenerife.

‐Comercio de Vino seco de Jerez. El Navío es apresado por corsario holandeses y conducido a Middelburgo – Jerez dry wine commerce. The Ship is captured by Dutch corsairs and taken to Middelburgo.

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‐ Comercio Ostende‐Cádiz? ‐ Ostend‐Cadiz commerce?

‐ Comercio con Cádiz desde Amsterdam – Commerce with Cádiz from Amsterdam.

‐ Comercio de esclavos para la corona española – Slave commerce for the Spanish crown.

‐ Comercio con Sale (Reino Unido) – Commerce with Sale (United Kingdom).

‐ Compañia – Company.

‐ Compañia Cosignataria – Cosigner Company.

‐ Comparten los gastos – They share expenses.

‐ Comparten los gastos del viaje ‐ They share trip expenses.

‐ Compra de esclavos en Afrcia y venta de estos en Martinica – Slave purchase in Africa and sale of same in Martinica.

‐ Compra de un navío. Juan Jacome Prorrata paga 8.480 pesos (Riesgo) y Martín de Urdanis paga 1.600 pesos – Purchase of a ship. Juan Jacome prorrata payment of 8,480 pesos (Risk) and Martin de Urdanis pays 1,600 pesos.

‐ Comunidad extranjera y puerto…/García Fernández, Mª.N. p. 44 – Foreign community and port…/Garcia Fernández, Mª. N. p. 44.

‐ Conocemos su ruta: Brujas‐Noruega‐Cádiz – We know its route: Burjas‐Norway‐Cadiz.

‐ Contrabando – Smuggling.

‐ Contrabando de comerciantes inhabilitados – Disqualified merchants smuggling.

‐ Corso – Privateering.

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‐ Corso: Apresamiento de dos goletas y dos balandras británicas – Privateering: Capture of two schooners and two British yachts.

‐ Corso Apresamiento de Once balandras, seis fragtas, cuatro paquebotes, cuatro bergantines y una Goleta – Privateering capture of eleven yachts, six frigates, four packet boats, four brigs and a schooner.

‐ Corso: Apresamiento de tres barcos negreros ingleses cerca de las costas de Guinea – Privateering: Capture of three English slave ships off the Guinea coast.

‐ Corso: Apresamiento de una balandra y un bergantín ingles – Privateering: Capture of a yacht and an English brig.

‐ Cosignatario – Cosigner.

‐ Consignatario y encomendero de la sedad de Juan L. Panés a Nueva España – Consigner and whole sale supplier from the seat of Juan L. Panés to Spain.

‐ Consignatario del Nuestra Señora de Orduña, del que no se tendrá noticias – Our Lady of Orduña cosigner, about whom we will have no news.

‐ Cuero – Leather.

‐ Documento o Fuente ``Flandes y la expansión mercantil europea: Origen y naturalez de una Red Atlántica (siglos XV‐XIX)´´./Crespo Solana, A. p. 36 en: Flandes y Canarias…/VV.AA. Tomo 3, pp. 13‐84 – Document or Source ``Flandes and the European commercial expansion: Origin and naturalez of an Atlantic Network (centuries XV‐XIX)´´./Crespo sunny Spot, A. p. 36 in: Flanders and Canaries…/VV.AA. I take 3, pp. 13‐84.

‐ Depósito de mercancías en Cádiz – Merchandise deposit in Cadiz.

‐ Desconocemos el nombre del navio ‐ We do not know the name of the ship.

‐ Documento o Fuente – Source of the Document.

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‐ Duarte Gadner y Thomas Martin, realizan la escritura de cession – Duarte Gadner and Thomas Martin carry out the deed of assignment.

‐ El beneficio sale del canje de las letras, a las que restamos el credito ‐ The profit comes from the exchange of the letters “a las que restamos el credito”.

‐ ``El comercio de exportación holandés…´´./Sánchez Belén,J.A, p. 280. en Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, Serie IV, Tomo 9, pp. 267‐321 – ``The Dutch export trade…´´./Sánchez Bethlehem, J. TO, p. 280. in Space, Time and Form, Series IV, Volume 9, pp. 267‐321.

‐ El contrabando holandés en el Caribe…/Arauz Monfante, C.A. vol.I, p. 60 – The Dutch smuggling in the Caribbean…/Arauz Monfante, AC vol.I, p. 60.

‐ El contrabando holandés en el Caribe…/Arauz Monfante, C.A. p.p. 49‐55 – The Dutch smiggling in the Caribbean…/Arauz Monfante, AC p.p. 49‐55.

‐ El hijo de Maria Merino, expone que la mercancias corresponden a Pedro Francisco Cogett ‐ The son of Maria Merino shows that the merchandises correspond to Pedro Francisco Cogett.

‐ El navío (desconocido) sigue la ruta Gante‐Ostende‐Cádiz ‐ The ship (unknown) follows Gante‐Ostend‐Cadiz route.

‐ El navío fue apresado durante el viaje – The ship was captured during the trip.

‐ El navío fue apresado en alta mar por el corso español ‐ The ship was captured in high seas by the Spanish privateers.

‐ El vendedor de la Plata. (No conocemos nada) Solo que canjea la Letra en Amsterdam – The salesperson of Silver. (We do not know anything) only the one that trades the Letter in Amsterdam.

‐ Encomendero – Wholesale supplier.

‐ Entre Cádiz y los Paises Bajos…/Crespo Solana, A. p. 292 – Between Cadiz and the Netherlands…/Crisp sunny Spot, A. p. 292.

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‐ Entrega de sesenta y seis cajones de clavazón y cuatro hachas. No fue llevada a cabo – Delivery of sixty‐six drawers of clavazón and four axes. It was not carried out.

‐ Envio de 900 piezas de bretaña a nombre de Laurens & Cornelissen – Remittance of 900 bretaña pieces under the name of Laurens & Cornelissen.

‐ Envio de mercancías de Antonio Lila a Nueva España (199.069 reales y 28 maravedíes) – Merchandise forwarding from Antonio Lilac to New Spain (199,069 real and 28 maravedis).

‐ Envio de mercancias para vender a los más altos precios que puediera ‐ Merchandise forwarding to be sold to the highest prices possible.

‐ Envio de varias partidas para vender en Málaga o Alicante – Forwarding of several pieces to be sold in Malaga or Alicante.

‐ Es Compañía en formada solo para este viaje ‐ The company is formed only for this trip.

‐ Es un grupo de mercaderes que fletan un barco en 1665 desde Amsterdam a La Habana – It is a group of merchants that freight a ship in 1665 from Amsterdam to Havana.

‐ Esteban Guillén vende su barco a Bernardo de Colonia y otros comerciantes, y luego todos juntos fletan el barco en cuestión a las Indias – Esteban Guillén sells their ship to Bernardo of Cologne and other merchants, and then all together they freight the ship in question to the Indies.

‐ Exporta a Cádiz 1 caja de Felpas (12 piezas) ‐ Exports to Cadiz 1 box of Terrycloths (12 pieces).

‐ Exporta a Cádiz 1 cajita de Estofas de Sedas de colores (17 piezas) y 3 piezas de felpa ‐ Export to Cádiz 1 small box of colored silk quiltings (17 pieces) and 3 pieces of terrycloth.

‐ Exporta a Cádiz 2 fardos de Momperadas anchas y angostas (200 piezas), 1 cajoncito de felpas de seda (14 piezas), 1 pieza de Raso de seda con flores, 5 piezas de primaveras y 6 piezas de cintas de seda con flores – Export to

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Cádiz 2 bales of Momperadas wide and narrow (200 pieces), 1 small drawer of terrycloths of silk (14 pieces), 1 piece of flat of silk with flowers, 5 pieces of springs and 6 silk piece of tapes with flowers.

‐ Exporta a Cádiz 44 fardos de cera blanqueada (88 marquetas) – Export to Cádiz 44 bales of whitened wax (88 blocks).

‐ Exporta Estofas llamadas rasos – Exports of quilting called flat.

‐ Exporta 1 fardo de Brabantes (70 medias piezas) ‐ Exports 1 bale of Brabantes (70 average pieces).

‐ Exporta a Cádiz 1 caja de sombreros (100 piezas) ‐ Export to Cádiz 1 box of hats (100 pieces).

‐ Exporto a Cádiz 1 fardo y una caja de Estofas de seda con flores y obras de oro y plata (68 piezas y 6 pedazos) – Export to Cadiz 1 bale and a silk quilting box with flowers and works of gold and silver (68 pieces and 6 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 8 cajitas y 5 cajas de Estofas de seda con flores y obras de oro y plata (269 piezas), 1 caja de Felpas largas de seda (9 piezas) y 1 caja de Rasos con obras de oro y plata (14 piezas) – Exported to Cádiz 8 little boxes and 5 silk quilting boxes with flowers and works of gold and silver (269 pieces), 1 box of long Terrycloths of silk (9 pieces) and 1 box of Flat with works of gold and silver (14 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 1 fardo de Picotes de lana (50 piezas) y 1 fardo de Picotes de medias sedas (4 frangotes=200 piezas) ‐ Exported to Cádiz 1 bale of Picotes of wool (50 pieces) and 1 bale of Picotes of average silk (4 frangotes = 200 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 1 fardo de Paños (6 medias piezas) – Exported to Cádiz 1 bale of cloths (6 average pieces)

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 2 fardos (100 piezas) 1/2 paca (25 piezas), 25 piezas y 1/2 fardo (30 piezas) de Momperadas anchas y angostas, 1 fardo de Palomitas y 1/2 fardo de Rasos con Flores ‐ Exported to Cádiz 2 bales (100 pieces) 1/2 Paco (25 pieces), 25 pieces and 1/2 bale (30 pieces) of Momperadas wide and narrow, 1 bale of popcorn and 1/2 bale of Flat with flowers.

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‐ Exporto a Cádiz 8 fardos de Paños(88 piezas) y 4 fardos de Rayuelas (64 piezas) ‐ Export to Cádiz 8 bales of Cloths (88 pieces) and 4 bales of Hopscotches (64 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 1/2 fardo( 24 piezas) de Momperadas de seda y 1/2 fardo de Lampazos de Oro (8 piezas) ‐ Exported to Cádiz 1/2 bale (24 pieces) of Momperadas of silk and 1/2 Gold Mops bale (8 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 1/3 cajita(20 libras) de Seda de Colores y 1/3 cajita (2 piezas) de Estofas de Seda con flores ‐ Exported to Cadiz 1/3 little box (20 pounds) of colored Silk and 1/3 small box (2 pieces) of silk quilting with flowers.

‐ Exportan a Cádiz 1 barril de hilo blanco (258 libras) – They export to Cádiz 1 barrel of white thread (258 pounds).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 2 cajas de Sargas de seda (34 piezas) ‐ Exported to Cádiz 2 silk Serges boxes (34 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 1 fardo de Gorgoranes de Turquía (50 piezas), 1 caja (30 piezas) y 1 fardo (28 piezas) de Estofas de seda con flores y lisas y 1 fardo de Momperadas (50 piezas) – Exported to Cádiz 1 bale of Gorgoranes of Turkey (50 pieces), 1 box (30 pieces) and 1 bale (28 pieces) of silk quilting with flowers and solid color and 1 bale of Momperadas (50 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 2 cajas de Estofas de seda con flores y con obras de oro y plata (50 piezas) – Exported to Cádiz 2 silk quilting boxes with flowers and with works of gold and silver (50 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 3 barrilitos de hilo blanco (910 libras) – Exported to Cádiz 3 small barrels of white thread (910 pounds).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 1 caja de Palomitas (40 piezas) – Exported to Cádiz 1 box of Popcorn (40 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 1 cajilla de Estofas de Seda (44 piezas) – Exported to Cádiz 1 small box of silk quilting (44 pieces).

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‐ Exportó a Cádiz 2 fardos de Camolestes sencillos y dobles (120 piezas), 1/2 cajita de Fernandinas y llampazos de oro (16 piezas) y 3 frados de Paños (30 piezas) ‐ Exported to Cádiz 2 bales of Camolestes simple and double (120 pieces), 1/2 small box of Fernandinas and llampazos of gold (16 pieces) and 3 frados of cloth (30 pieces).

‐ Exportó a España 1 caja de sombreros (120 piezas) – Exported to Spain 1 box of hats (120 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 1 caja de Felpas largas (6 piezas) – Exported to Cádiz 1 box of long Terrycloths (6 pieces).

‐ Exportó a Cádiz 1 caja de Felpas negras (6 piezas) – Exported to Cádiz 1 box of black Terrycloths (6 pieces).

‐ Fecha de Inicio – Starting Date.

‐ Fecha de Fin – Finishing Date.

‐ Fecha de fin, corresponde a la fecha de cobro – Starting date, corresponds to the date of collection.

‐ Fin – End.

‐ 4 embalajes con 500 piezas de brabantesm presillas, holandillas y platillas – 4 packings with 500 pieces of brabantesm loops, holandillas and watermelons.

‐ Fletan 3 navíos: 1(de 80 tn.) Rotterdam a La Habana, 2 de Rotterdam a Trinidad y Maracaibo ‐ They charted 3 ships: 1 (of 80 tn.) Rotterdam to Havana, 2 of Rotterdam to Trinity and Maracaibo.

‐ Fletar un navío, ilegalemnte, para comerciar con Indias vía Cádiz ‐ Chartering a ship, illegally, to trade with Indies via Cádiz.

‐ ``Francisco del Llano San Ginés y el Comercio con las Indias…´´/Herrero Gil, Mª. P. [On‐line], en Actas del III Congreso de Historia de Andalucía, Córdonba: 2001 – ``Francisco del Llano San Ginés and the Commerce with the Indies…´´/Herrero Gil, Mª. P. [On‐Line], in Minutes of the III History Conference of Andalusia, Córdonba: 2001.

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‐ Guardar 8.777 florines para futuras acciones – Keeping of 8,777 florins for future actions.

‐ Hombres, Barcos y Comercio…/Arazola Corvera, Mª.J. p. 168 – Men, Ships and Commerce…/Arazola Corvera, Mª. J. p. 168.

‐ Id Autor – Id of the Author.

‐ Id Dirección – Id of Direction.

‐ Id de Actividad – Id of Activity.

‐ Inicio – Start (Beginning)

‐ Intermediario – Intermediary.

‐ Juan A. Esmailes, está abrumado por las deudas y a perdido su navío – Juan A. Esmailes is overwhelmed by the debts and has lost his ship.

‐ Juan Jacome adelante el capital de Riesgo a cambio de cargar en el navío a Nueva España – Juan Jacome advanced the risk capital in exchange for charging the ship to New Spain.

‐ La Mercancía era falsa, por lo que el pago paso a cuenta de Agustín García de la Yedra – The merchandise was false, for which the payment went to the account of Agustín García de la Yedra.

‐ ``La pugna entre los cosecheros…´´/ Hernández González, M. p. 343, en: Anurario de Estudios Atlánticos, n.º 47, pp. 339‐368 – ``La fights among the harvesters…´´/ Hernández González, M. p. 343, in: Anurario of Atlantic Studies, n.º 47, pp. 339‐368.

‐ La sociedad primero pide credito a donde canjeara en el futuro las letras – The society first asks for credit where there will trade the letters in the future.

‐ Llevar 4 botas de vino o aceite de Málaga a Hamburgo – To carry 4 boots of wine or oil from Malaga to Hamburg.

‐ Letra de Cambio de 1000 ducados – Bill of exchange worth 1000 dukedoms.

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‐ Libras de Palo – Pounds of Sticks (wood).

‐ Libra Letra de Cambio (422 ducados y 8 gruesos en reales de plata doble) en Mathias Daniel para Carlos Rabortt ‐ Pound bill of exchange (422 dukedoms and 8 thicknesses in reales of double silver) in Mathias Daniel for Carlos Rabortt.

‐ Los instrumentos del comercio colonial…/Carrasco González, Mª.G. p. 76 – The instruments of the colonial commerce…/Carrasco González, Mª. G. p. 76.

‐ Mercaderes atlánticos: redes de comercio y flamenco y holandés entre Europa y el Caribe./ Crespo Solana, A. p. 75 – Atlantic merchants: networks of commerce and flamenco and Dutchman between Europe and the Caribbean./ Crisp sunny Spot, A. p. 75.

‐ Mochilas – Backpacks.

‐ Navio – Ship.

‐ Negocio – Business.

‐ No se citan los nombres de los barcos ni de los agents ‐ They do not mention the names of the boats nor the agents.

‐ No tenemos datos del navío ‐ We do not have data of the ship.

‐ Notas – Notes.

‐ Obligacion a favor de Jacome Francisco Andriana, dada por José Manuel de Bustamante Bustillo, que ha de ser pegada por los consignatarios – Obligation in favor of Jacome Francisco Andriana, given by José Manuel of Bustamante Bustillo, that should be gotten by the consigners.

‐ Obligación a favor de Everardo Conique valorada en 649 pesos – Obligation in favor of Everardo Conique worth 649 pesos.

‐ Obligacion a favor de Jacome Francisco Andriana, dada por José Manuel de Bustamante Bustillo, que ha de ser pegada por los consignatarios – Obligacion in favor of Jacome Francisco Andriana, given by José Manuel of Bustamante Bustillo, that should be gotten by the consigners.

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‐ Obras completas./Crespo Solano, A. (Tabal II: Firmas del comercio de Amsterdam que comerciaban con Cádiz en el siglo XVIII) – Complete works. /Crisp East wind, A. (Tabal II: Signatures of Amsterdam commerce that traded with Cadiz in the 18th century).

01/01/1759 acaban de pagar el prestamo – 01/01/1759 they have just paid the loan.

‐ 10333 millares de Cacao – 10333 thousands of Cocoa.

‐ Pago de letra – Payment of letter.

‐ Pago de 2.545 florines por manufacturas textiles ‐ Payment of 2,545 florins by textile manufacturers.

‐ Partida de generos a cuenta y riesgo de Juan Durazzo – Division of goods in account and risk of Juan Durazzo.

‐ Partida de 465 libras de Clavo – Division of 465 pounds of Nail.

‐ Pedro Porree y Juan Olmius son acusados por usura, al pedir en oro los 9170 reles de vellón que prestaron – Pedro Porree and Juan Olmius are defendants by usury, upon asking in gold the 9170 reles of fleece that were lent.

‐ Pedro Porree y Juan Olmius son acusados por usura, al pedir en oro los 9170 reles de vellón que prestaron a Alonso Guzmán y Saisa y Juan Montilla y Góngora – Pedro Porree and Juan Olmius are defendants by usury, upon asking in gold the 9170 reles of fleece that were lent to Alonso Guzmán and Saisa and Juan Montilla and Gongora.

‐ Piratas y corsarios…/Mota, F.M. p. 160 – Pirates and corsairs…/Dot, F.M. p. 160.

‐ Prestamo para compra de tabac. Al no ser satisfecho fue cobrado en intereses de la venta del producto – We lent it for purchase of tobacco. Upon not being satisfied we charged in interests for the sale of the product.

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‐ Prestamo de 32400 pesos escudos de plata, para participar en la Compañía de comercio de tabaco de La Habana – We lent 32400 silver pesos escudos to participate in the tobacco commerce company of Havana.

‐ Prestamo de 1000 ducados para comprar madera sueca –Lending of 1000 ducados to buy Swedish wood.

‐ Prestamo de 1000 ducados – Lending of 1000 ducados.

‐ Prestamo de 90000 pesos para pagar a Juan Domingo Saporito y Limbanio Scaglioso – Lending of 90000 pesos to pay Juan Sunday Saporito and Limbanio Scaglioso.

‐ Prestamo para la fianza de Diego Antonio Portier y colaboración en la Flota de 1776 – Lending for the bail of Diego Antonio Portier and contribution in the Fleet of 1776.

‐ Quiebra por fletar un barco a China de forma ilegar, dicienco que va a Cádiz – Bankruptcy by freighting a ship to China in a illegal manner, saying it was going to Cádiz.

‐ ``Ralph Carr: A Newcastle Merchant and the American Colonial Trade´´./ Roberts III, W.I. p. 278 en Business History Review, Vol. 42, nº.3, pp. 271‐287 – ``Ralph Carr: To Newcastle Merchant and the American Colonial Trade´´./ Roberts III, W.I. p. 278 in Business History Review, Vol. 42, nº.3, pp. 271‐287.

‐ Recepción y almacenaje de 27 piezas de textil de 843 anas y media de medida. Realizan contrabando engañando a sus proveedores – Reception and storage of 27 pieces of textile of 843 anas and a half of measure. Smuggling deceiving their suppliers.

‐ Recepción y almacenaje de 27 piezas de textil de 843 anas y media de medida – Reception and storage of 27 pieces of textile of 843 anas and a half of measure.

‐ Responsible Transaccion‐ Responsible for the transaction.

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‐ Remite a Veracruz, 46 doceneas de medias de lana de Inglaterra y 479,5 libras de cintas blancas de hilo ‐ Sending to Veracruz, 46 doceneas of wool from England and 479.5 pounds of white tapes of thread.

‐ Riesgo de 10.873 – Risk of 10,873.

‐ Riesgo de 8000 pesos a cada uno de los deudores – Risk of 8000 pesos to each one of the debtors.

‐ Se asocian para fletar y cargar el baroc de Pablo García de Santayana el San Antonio de Padua – They associate to freight and to charge the baroc of Pablo Garcia of Santayana the San Antonio of Padua.

‐ Seguro de un navío – Insurance of a ship.

‐ Se rompe, porque Martín Vevetser no paga – It breaks, because Martin Vevetser does not pay.

‐ Sociedad de Levante de Middelburgo – Dutch Society for the Levant Trade/Trade with Mediterranean

‐ Sociedad para contruir y viajar a Isla Margarita en el siguiente navío. Inversión y beneficios a partes iguales – Company to construct and to travel to Island Margarita in the following ship. Investment and benefits in equal shares.

‐ Sociedad para fletar un barco, con cargamento de sal – Company to freight a ship, with a cargo of salt.

‐ Sociedad de viaje a Nueva España. Cargan mercancias – Travel company to New Spain. They load merchandises.

‐ Sociedad de viaje a Islas de Barlovento y La Habana. Cargan mercancias – Travel company to Barlavento Islands and Havana. They charge merchandises.

‐ Solo tenemos el nombre del navío y su propietario – We only have the name of the ship and its owner.

‐ Sus Agentes – Their agents.

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‐ Sus mercancias son almacenadas en Cádiz, para mandarlas a Cartagena de Indias ‐ The merchandises are stored in Cádiz to be sent to Cartagena of Indies.

‐ Tabaco – Tobacco.

‐ Transporte de azucar de Surinam a Amsterdam – Sugar transportation from Surinam to Amsterdam.

‐ 13 partidas de encajes a Cartagena de Indias a cambio de Palo de Brasil y otros tintes – 13 departures of laces to Cartagena from Indies in exchange for Stick (wood) from Brazil and other dyeings.

‐ Toneladas de palo Campeche, cotizados en 405 pesos – Tons of stick Campeche, quoted in 405 pesos.

‐ Total: 367 escudos y 6 sueldos. Acabo librandose en Matheo Ferray a favor de Bartolomé Buzón y Compañía – Total: 367 escudos and 6 salaries. I end up being freed in Matheo Ferray in favor of Bartolomé Buzón and Company.

‐ Transporte de Mercancias por valor de 8.469 reales y 3 cuartillos de plata Antigua – Transportation of merchandise worth 8,469 reales and 3 old silver pints.

‐ Venden 2 a mayoristas de la zona y el resto lo mandan a Indias en los Galeones a Tierra Firme de 1706 – They sell 2 to wholesalers of the zone and the remainder they send it to Indies in the Galleons to Tierra Firme of 1706.

‐ Venderan la Carga Téxtiles en Nueva España – They sold the load of textiles in New Spain.

‐ Venta de 109 cajas de Azúcar de Portugal – Sale of 109 boxes of sugar from Portugal.

‐ Venta de Balones de papel y medias de seda por valor de 20880 reales de plata – Sales of paper balls and averages of silk wworthf 20880 silver reales.

‐‐ Venta de Encajes de Oro y Plata ‐ Sale of gold and silver lace.

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‐ Venta de la Grana llegada desde Indias vía Cádiz – Sale of the seed arrived from Indies through Cádiz.

‐ Venta de 216 barricas de brea rubia y 25500 quintales de plata –

Sale of 216 casks of blonde tar and 25500 silver quintals.

‐ Venta de 50 piezas de olanes y batistas – Sale of 50 pieces of olanes and batistas.

‐ Venta de 281 barricas de Alquitrán ‐ Sale of 281 casks of tar.

‐ Venta de madera sueca en Cádiz – Sale of Swedish wood in Cádiz.

‐ Venta de las mercancias del Jesús, María y José – Sale of the merchandises of the Jesus, María and José.

‐ Venta de mercancias valoradas en 234840 reales de plata ‐ Sale of merchandises worth 234840 real silver.

‐ Venta de las mercancias del Jesús, María y José – Sale of the merchandise of the Jesus, María and José.

‐ Venta de mercancías por valor de 14500 pesos (2000 por adelantado y el resto a riego de ida y vuelta de la Flosta de Manuel de Velasco) –

Sale of merchandises worth 14500 pesos (2000 in advance and the remainder to roundtrip irrigation of the Flosta of Manuel of Velasco).

‐ Venta de puntas de Flandes a Cádiz – Sale of tips from Flanders to Cádiz.

‐ Venta de puntas de Flandes a Indias,en el registo de Francisco Castaneda ya que en Cádiz no se venden – Sale of tips from Flanders to Indies, in the register of Francisco Castaneda since in Cadiz they are not sold.

‐ Venta de trigo, que luego distribuiria F.J. van Hemer en Andalucía – Sale of wheat that then would be distributed by F.J. van Hemer in Andalusia.

‐ Venta de una caja de Grana desde Indias – Sale of a bright red box from Indies.

18

‐ Venta Textiles de Brabante – Sale of textiles from Brabante.

‐ Venta Textiles de Brabante, pertenecientes a Juan de Wise entre otros (2727 escudos de valor) – Sale textiles from Brabante, belonging to Juan of Wise among others (worth 2727 escudos).

‐ Viaje de ida ‐ Travel of departure (one way trip – departure).

‐ Viaje de vuelta ‐ Travel of return (one way trip – return).

‐ Zumo de limón – Lemon juice.

‐ Zurrón – Pouch.

‐ Zurrones – Pouches.

Glossary for the table COOPERACION

‐ Casa Financiera – Financial House.

‐ Compañía Particular – Private Company.

‐ Corso – Privateer.

‐ Firma Comercial – Commercial Firm.


‐ Participación – Participation.

‐ Relaciones Comerciales – Trade Relations.

‐ Seguro Marítimo – Marine insurance.

‐ Seguro de viaje – Travel Insurance.

‐ Sociedad – Society.

19

Glossary for the table INCIDENCIA.

- ABANDONADO – ABANDONED.

- ANCLADO PARA HACER COMERCIO – ANCHORED TO DO TRADE.

- ANCLADO POR PROBLEMAS BUROCRÁTICOS – ANCHORED BY BUREAUCRATIC PROBLEMS.

- ANCLADO POR REPARACION – ANCHORED BY REPAIR. ‐ APRESA BARCO – CAPTURE SHIP.

‐ APRESADA – CAPTURED

‐ APRESADO POR CORSARIOS – CAPTURED BY PRIVATEERS.

‐ APRESADO POR EXTRANJEROS – CAPTURED BY FOREIGNERS.

‐ APRESADO POR LA AUTORIDAD – CAPTURED BY THE AUTHORITY.

‐ APRESADO POR PIRATAS – CAPTURED BY PIRATES.

‐ ARRIBADA (Llegada de una nave a un puerto) – Arrival of a vessel to a port.

‐ ASALTADO – ASSAULTED.

‐ ASALTADO POR CORSARIOS – ASSAULTED BY PROVATEERS.

‐ ASALTADO POR PIRATAS – ASSAULTED BY PIRATES.

‐ ATACADO POR EXTRANJEROS – ATTACKED BY ALIENS.

‐ BARADO – AGROUND.

‐ BARADO POR HURACAN – AGROUND BY HURRICANE.

‐ CAMBIO DEL MAESTRE/CAPITAN ‐ CHANGING THE MASTER / CAPTAIN.

‐ CARGA MERCANCIA – MERCHANDISE LOAD.

‐ CARGA MERCANCIA DE OTRO BARCO ‐ MERCHANDISE LOAD OF OTHER SHIPS.

‐ CONFUSION EN LA FUENTE HISTORICA – CONFUSION IN THE HISTORICAL SOURCE.

20

‐ CONSTRUIDO CON LOS RESTOS DE OTRO BARCO ‐ BUILT WITH THE REMAINS OF ANOTHER BOAT.

‐ CONTRABANDO – SMUGGLING.

‐ DAR FONDO – GIVING FUND.

‐ DECOMISADO – CONFISCATION.

‐ DECOMISADO VOLUNTARIAMENTE – CONFISCATION VOLUNTARILY.

‐ DERECHURA – STRAIGHT.

‐ DESAPARECIDO – MISSING.

‐ DESCARGA MERCANCIA – UNLOAD MERCHANDISE.

‐ DESTRUIDO PARCIALMENTE ‐ PARTLY DESTROYED.

‐ DESTRUIDO TOTALMENTE – TOTALLY DESTROYED.

‐ DESVIADO DE SU RUTA – DETOURED FROM IT ROUTE.

‐ EMBARGADA POR LAS AUTORIDADES – EMBARGOED BY AUTHORITIES.

‐ ENCALLADO – STUCKED.

‐ ESCALA OBLIGADA POR REAL ORDEN – STOP COMMANDED BY ROYAL ORDER.

‐ FALTA DE GOBIERNO – LACK OF GOVERNMENT.

‐ HUNDIDO – SUNK.

‐ IMPOSIBILITADO – UNABLE.

‐ INCENDIO ‐ FIRE

‐ INHABILITADO – DISABLED.

‐ INMOVILIZADO – Set of tangible and intangible assets recorded in the balance sheets of businesses and created or acquired by them to be used permanently.

‐ LUGAR – PLACE.

‐ MERCANCIA EN MAL ESTADO – MERCHANDISE IN BAD STATE.

‐ MOTIN – MUTINY.

‐ MUERTE DEL MAESTRE/CAPITAN – DEATH OF MASTER / CAPTAIN.

21

‐ MUERTOS A BORDO – DEAD ON BOARD.

‐ MULTADO ‐ FINED

‐ NAUFRAGIO ‐ SHIPWRECK

‐ NO DESEMBARCA – NO LANDING

‐ NO LLEGA A SU DESTINO – IT DOES NOT GET TO ITS DESTINATION.

‐ NOTA – NOTE.

‐ PARTIDA SECRETA/SIGILOSA – SECRET ITEM.

‐ PERDIDO‐EXTRAVIADO – LOST‐LOST.

‐ RETRASO EN LA LLEGADA ‐ LATE ARRIVAL

‐ RETRASO EN LA SALIDA – LATE DEPARTURE.

‐ SAQUEADO – SACKED.

‐ SUSTITUYE A OTRO BARCO – SUBSTITUTE ANOTHER BOAT.

‐ TIPO DE INCIDENCIA – TYPE OF INCIDENT

‐ TRANSBORDA LA CARGA EN OTRO BARCO – TRANSFER CARGO TO ANOTHER SHIP.

‐ VENTA DEL BARCO – SALE OF VESSEL.

Glossary for the table of MERCADER Y NAVIO

‐ Accion – Action.

‐ Año – Year. ‐ Dulce Nombre de María – Sweet Name of Mary.

‐ El León de Oro(mismo) Comparar con el que tiene como nombre las Armas de Amsterdam ‐ The Golden Lion (it) compare with the one that has as its name the Arms of Amsterdam.

‐ El Principe – The Prince.

‐ El Sacrificio de Abraham (mismo) ‐ The Sacrifice of Abraham (the same).

22

‐ El Sol de la Esperanza – The Sun of Hope.

‐ Funcion – Function.

‐ Jesús María y José – Jesus, Mary and Joseph.

‐ La Aventurera – The Adventurer.

‐ La María Afortunada (1745) – The Mary Lucky (1745).

‐ La Unión – The Union.

‐ Maestre – Master.

‐ Nuestra Señora de Begoña – Our Lady of Begoña.

‐ Nuestra Señora de Belén – Our Lady of Bethlehem.

‐ Nuestra Señora del Buen Consejo ‐ Our Lady of Good Counsel.

‐ Nuestra Señora del Buen Viaje – Our Lady of Good Voyage.

‐ Nuestra Señora del Carmen y San José – Our Lady of Carmen and Saint Joseph.

‐ Nuestra Señora de la Concepción y Santa Teresa Padilla – Our Lady of the Conception and Saint Theresa Padilla.

‐ Nuesta Señora de la Esperanza – Our Lady of Hope.

‐ Nuestra Señora de la Estrella – Our Lady of the Star.

‐ Nuestra Señora de los Dolores – Our Lady of Sorrows.

‐ Nuestra Señora de los Remedios y San Francisco de Paula – Our Lady of the Remedies and Saint Francis of Paola.

‐ Nuestra Señora del Coro – Our Lady of the Coro.

‐ Nuestra Señora del Rosario, San Cristobal y San Antonio – Our Lady of the Rosary, Saint Cristobal and Saint Anthony.

23

‐ Nuestra Señora del Rosario, San Marcos y San Francisco Javier ‐ Our Lady of the Rosary, Saint Mark, and Saint Francis Javier.

‐ Nuestra Señora del Socorro – Our Lady of Help.

‐ Nuestra Señora de la Asunción – Our Lady of the Assumption.

‐ Nuestra Señora de la Concepción – Our Lady of Conception.

‐ Nuestra Señora de la Consolación ‐ Our Lady of Consolation.

‐ Nuestra Señora de la Guerra – Our Lady of War.

‐ Nuestra Señora de los Dolores – Our Lady of Sorrows.

‐ Nuestra Señora de los Milagros – Our Lady of the Miracles.

‐ Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe – Our Lady of Guadalupe.

‐ Nuestra Señora de Montserrat y Señor San Jose – Our Lady of Montserrat and Lord Saint Joseph.

‐ Purísima Concepción – Immaculate Conception.

‐ San Antonio de Padua – Saint Anthony of Padua.

‐ San Juan – Saint John.

‐ San Juan Bautista – Saint John the Baptist.

‐ San Francisco de Asis – Saint Francis of Assisi.

‐ San Francisco – Saint Francis.

‐ San Francisco Javier – Saint Francis Xavier.

‐ San Ignacio de Loyola – Saint Ignacio of Loyola.

‐ San Jerónimo – San Jeronimo.

‐ San Jose – Saint Joseph.

‐ San Miguel – Saint Michael.

24

‐ San Pedro de la Candelaria – Saint Peter of the Candelaria.

‐ Santísimo Cristo del Calvario ‐ Holy Christ on Calvary.

‐ Santísima Trinidad ‐ Holy Trinity.

‐ Santo Domingo y La Buenaventura – Saint Domingo and the Buenaventura.

‐ Virgen de la Misericordia ‐ Our Lady of Mercy.

‐ Virgen del Rosario – Virgin of the Rosary.

Glossary for the table of MERCANCIAS

‐ Aceite – Oil.

‐ Aceitunas – Olives.

‐ Acero – Steel.

‐ Aguardiente – Brandy.

‐ Albayalde – White lead.

‐ Alcaparras – Capers.

‐ Alcaparrones – Capers.

‐ Algodón de Curaçao – Cotton from Curaçao.

‐ Almendras – Almonds.

‐ Anís – Anise.

‐ Armas – Arms.

‐ Arpillados – Rolled up.

‐ Artillería – Artillery.

‐ Azogue – Quicksilver.

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‐ Azúcar – Sugar.

‐ Azúcar prieta – Brown Sugar.

‐ Bacalao – Cod.

‐ Baquetas (de Moscú) – Sticks (Moscow).

‐ Barretones quintados de oro – Barretones inducted in gold.

‐ Barrica – Cask.

‐ Bastones – Canes.

‐ Bayeta – Baize.

‐ Botica – Drugstore.

‐ Bramante crudo – Crude Twine.

‐ Cajón – Drawer or box.

‐ Cajones toscos ‐ Crude drawers (boxes).

‐ Castañas – Chestnuts.

‐ Café – Coffee.

‐ Café de Martinica – Coffee from Martinica.

‐ Caja – Box.

‐ Canela – Cinnamon.

‐ Cantidad – Amount.

‐ Carey – Tortoiseshell.

‐ Carne – Meat.

‐ Cebolla – Onion.

‐ Cinta reata – Tape rope.

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‐ Cera – Wax.

‐ Cerveza – Beer.

‐ Clavo (especia) ‐ Cloves (spice).

‐ Colmillos de elefante – Elephant tusks.

‐ Comestibles – Groceries.

‐ Conchas de carey – Tortoiseshell.

‐ Crehuela – Scrim.

‐ Compañia Cosignataria – Cosigner Company.

‐ Contratacion – Hiring.

‐ Cosignataria – Cosigner.

‐ Cuchillos – Knives.


‐ Cuero de Caracas – Leather from Caracas.

‐ Efectos – Effects.

‐ Encomendero – The one who places the order

‐ Esclavo – Slave.

‐ Escopetas – Shotguns.

‐ Escudillas – Bowls.

‐ Espejos – Mirrors.

‐ Frutos – Fruits.

‐ Fusiles – Rifles.

‐ Hachas – Axes.

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‐ Harina – Flour.

‐ Harpillera – Sacking.

‐ Herramientas – Tools.

‐ Herramientas de Carpintero – Carpenter Tools.

‐ Higos – Figs.

‐ Hilo – Thread.

‐ Hierro – Iron.

‐ Hojalata – Tin.

‐ Imágenes (Religiosas) ‐ Images (Religious) [Religious statues)

‐ Infantería – Infantry.

‐ Jabón – Soap.

‐ Jamones – Hams.

‐ Jengibre – Ginger.

‐ Jugo de limón – Lemon Juice.

‐ Juguetes – Toys.

‐ Lámina – Sheet.

‐ Lana española – Spanish Wool.

‐ Latón – Brass.

‐ Libra – Pound.

‐ Libros – Books.

‐ Licores – Spirits.

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‐ Lienzos blancos y azules (o Creas listadas) ‐ Blue and white canvas (or create listings).

‐ Lienzo de colcha – Quilt canvas.

‐ Lino – Flax.

‐ Listado – List.


‐ Loza de Valencia y China – Crockery from Valencia and China.

‐ Madera de roble – Oak wood.

‐ Madera Mahogany – Mahogany Wood.

‐ Madera guayacán ‐ Guaiac Wood.

‐ Manteca – Butter.

‐ Mantequilla – Butter.

‐ Manufacturas Europeas – European Manufacturing.

‐ Manufacturas de Hierro – Iron Articles.

‐ Mármol – Marble.

‐ Medias – Sox.

‐ Media Pieza – Middle part.

‐ Medidas – Measures.

‐ Menjui – Benzoin.

‐ Mercancias – Goods (mechandises).

‐ Millares – Thousands.

‐ Mirra – Myrrh.

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‐ Moneda – Currency.

‐ Muebles – Furniture.

‐ Mulas – Mules.

‐ Navio Mercante ‐ Merchant Ship.


‐ Ollas – Pots.

‐ Oro – Gold.

‐ Oficiales del Ejercito – Army officers.

‐ Palo de Campeche – Logwood.

‐ Palo de Brasil – Brazilian wood.

‐ Papel – Paper.

‐ Pasas – Raisins.

‐ Peines – Combs.

‐ Pelo (Ojalar) – Hair (hopefully).

‐ Peltre – Pewter.

‐ Pelucas – Wigs.

‐ Persona – Person.

‐ Pertrechos – Equipment.

‐ Pesos – Weights.

‐ Piedra‐Yeso – Stone‐Cast.

‐ Piel de Benado – Skin Benado.

‐ Pieles – Skins.

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‐ Pieza – Piece.

‐ Pilas y tintes – Batteries and dyes.

‐ Pimienta – Pepper.

‐ Pimienta de Guinea – Pepper from Guinea.

‐ Pimenta de Jamaica – Pepper from Jamaica.

‐ Plata – Silver.

‐ Platos – Dishes.

‐ Pliegos – Bidding.

‐ Pliegos de Real Servicio – Royal Bidding Service.

‐ Pliegos – Bidding.

‐ Pliegos de Real Servicio – Royal Bidding Service.

‐ Plumas de escribir – Pen.

‐ Productos Indianos – Indian Products.

‐ Queso – Cheese.

‐ Registros de mercancías falsificados – Counterfeit goods records.

‐ Resma – Ream.

‐ Ropas – Clothes.

‐ Ruibarbo (de Holanda e Italia) – Rhubarb (From the Netherlands and Italy).

‐ Sal – Salt.

‐ Sebo – Tallow.

‐ Sombrero – Hat.

‐ Sombreros de Castor – Castor Hats.

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‐ Suministro – Supply.

‐ Tabaco – Tobacco

‐ Tabaco de Puerto Rico – Tobacco from Puerto Rico.

‐ Tejidos – Fabrics.

‐ Tela – Fabric.

‐ Textiles – Textiles.

‐ Textiles alemanes – German Textiles.

‐ Textiles asiaticos ‐ Asian Textiles.

‐ Textiles holandeses – Dutch Textiles.

‐ Tercio – Third.

‐ Tosco – Coarse.

‐ Trenza de Oro y Plata – Gold and Silver Braid.

‐ Trigo británico – British Wheat

‐ Trigo en grano – Wheat grain.

‐ Trigo molido – Cracked wheat.

‐ Tropas – Troops.

‐ Unidades – Units.

‐ Utensilios de Guerra – War Utensils.

‐ Valor – Value.

‐ Valor Total – Total Value.

‐ Vestidos – Clothes.

‐ Vestuario Militar – Military Costumes.

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‐ Vidrios – Glaze.

‐ Vigas – Beams.

‐ Vinagre – Vinager.

‐ Víveres – Grocery.

‐ Vino – Wine.

‐ Vino tinto – Red Wine.

‐ Zaleas – Sheepskins.

‐ Zapatos – Shoes.

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Glossary for the table of NOMBRE E APELLIDOS.

‐ Edad – Age.

‐ Extranjero – Foreign.

‐ Fecha – Date.

‐ Fecha Defuncion – Death Certificate.

‐ Fecha Matricula – Registration Date.

‐ Fecha de Muerte – Death Date.

‐ Fecha de Nacimento – Birthdate.

‐ Fecha Naturalizacion – Naturalization Date.

‐ Fuentes – Sources.

‐ Lugar de Matricula – Registration Place.

‐ Lugar de Nacimento – Birthplace.

‐ Lugar de Origen – Place of Origin.

‐ Naturaleza – Nature.

‐ Nombre e Apellidos – Name and Surname.

‐ Oficio – Usual occupation,

‐ Religion – Relogion.

‐ Tipo religion – Religion Type.

34

Glossary for the table of PARENTESCOS.

‐ Abuelo – Grandfather.

‐ Amistad – Friendship.

‐ Consuegro – Parent of one of two people united in marriage in respect of the parent of another.

‐ Cuñada – Sister‐in‐Law.

‐ Cuñado – Brother‐in‐Law.

‐ Descendiente – Descendant.

‐ Esposa (y‐o Viuda) – Wife (and or Widow).

‐ Esposa (en segundas nupcias) – Wife (second wife).

‐ Hermana – Sister.

‐ Hermano – Brother.

‐ Hijo – Son.

‐ Hija – Daughter.

‐ Padre – Father.

‐ Pariente / Familiar – Parent / Family.

‐ Madre – Mother.

‐ Marido – Husband.

‐ Nieto – Grandson.

‐ Sobrino – Nephew.

‐ Suegra – Mother‐in‐Law.

‐ Suegro – Father‐in‐Law.

35

‐ Tio – Uncle.

‐ Tia – Aunt.

‐ Union sentimental – Sentimental Union.

‐ Yerno – Son‐in‐Law.

36

Glossary for the table of PUNTOS y RUTAS.


‐ Comercio de esclavos por aceite y vino – Slave trade by oil and wine.

‐ Fecha de llegada – Arrival date.

‐ Fecha de Salida – Departure date.

‐ Funcion del punto – Function Point.

‐ Puerto de Llegada – Port of Arrival.

‐ Puerto de Salida – Port of Departure.

‐ Punto geografico – Geographical point.

‐ Se pierde – Is lost.

Glossary for the table of SISTEMAS.

‐ Asia‐Pacifico – Asia‐ Pacific

‐ Atlantico – Atlantic.

‐ Sistemas – Systems.

Glossary for the table of SUBSISTEMA.

‐ Atlántico – Atlantic.

‐ Atlántico Norte – North Atlantic.

‐ Atlántico Sur – South Atlantic.

‐ Baltico – Baltic.

‐ Caribe – Caribbean.

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‐ Costa Oriental de Norteamerica – East Coast of North America.

‐ Costa Oriental de Sudamerica – East Coast of South America.

‐ Golfo de Guinea – Gulf of Guinea.

‐ Mediteraneo – Mediterranean.

‐ Subsistema ‐ Subsystem.

38

Glossary for the table of TIPO DE TITULO NOBILIARIO.

‐ Almirante – Admiral.

‐ Aristócrata – Aristocrat.

‐ Barón – Baron.

‐ Caballero – Man who belongs to an order of chivalry.

‐ Conde – Count.

‐ Duque – Duke.

‐ Gentry – Gentry.

‐ Hidalgo – Nobleperson.

‐ Maestrante – Each of the gentlemen that make up the arsenal.

‐ Marqués – Marquis.

‐ Máximo Representante de la Casa de – Maximum House Representative.

‐ Noble – Noble.

‐ Señor de – Lord of.

‐ Varón – Male.

‐ Vizconde – Viscount.

39

Glossary for the table of TIPO MEDIDA.

‐ Adarme – Dribblet.

‐ Anclote – Kedge.

‐ Arcón – Bunker.

‐ Arroba – Peso equivalente a 11,502 kg.

‐ Bala ‐ Pack tightly to goods, especially those carried on board.

‐ Balón – Ball.

‐ Barras – Bars.

‐ Barrica – Cask (Medium Barrel species used to different uses).

‐ Barril – Barrel.

‐ Barril Regular – Regular Barrel.

‐ Barrilito – Small barrel.

‐ Baúl – Furniture similar to the ark, often dome cover, covered usually of leather, fabric or other material, which generally serves to store clothes.

‐ Bolsas – Bags.

‐ Bota – Boot

‐ Botijo – Porous earthen pot, used to cool the water. It's swollen belly, with handle on top, one side face provided to pour the water, and opposite a drinking spout.

‐ Botijuela – Medium clay pot, round and short and narrow neck.

‐ Braza – Measure of length, usually used in the Navy, and equivalent to two yards or 1.6718 m.

‐ Bulto – Package.

40

‐ Caja – Box.

‐ Cajón – Drawer (Receptacle can be removed and put into a given hole, which fits in a closet, table, chest of drawers or other furniture).

‐ Cajón Arpillado – Rolled up drawer.

‐ Cajón Tosco – Rude drawer.

‐ Cajón de media carga – Half Load Drawer.

‐ Cajoncillo – Small box.

‐ Cajoncito – Drawer.

‐ Canasta – Basket.

‐ Churlo – Pita canvas bag covered with a leather carrying cinnamon or other things without losing their virtue.

‐ Cofre – Chest.

‐ Cordobán – Oyster.

‐ Cuarto – Fourth.

‐ Cuñete – Keg.

‐ Docena – Dozen.

‐ Envoltorio – Bundle.

‐ Fanega – Bushel.

‐ Frasco – Jar.

‐ Frasquera – Box made with different divisions, which are stored and transported the bottles.

‐ Frasquito – Small jar.

‐ Gruesas – Thick.

41

‐ Hoja – Sheet.

‐ Jarra – Jar.

‐ Libra – Weight Old Castile, divided into 16 ounces, equivalent to 460 g. In Aragón, the Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia had 12 ounces, 17 in the Basque provinces and 20 in Galicia, and also the ounces were mixed, according to the people. Capacity measure, containing a pound of a liquid.

‐ Limeta – Belly bottle wide, short neck and long enough.

‐ Lío – Porción de ropa o de otras cosas atadas.

‐ Litro – Liter (Capacity unit metric system equal to the volume of one cubic decimeter. (Symbol. l, L).

‐ Lote – Lot.

‐ Marqueta – Piece of wax uncut.

‐ Media Pieza – Middle part.

‐ Media Pipa – Half Pipe.

‐ Medida – Measure.

‐ Medio Barril – Medium Barrel.

‐ Millares – Thousands.

‐ Mochila – Backpack.

‐ Olla – Pot.

‐ Onza – Ounce.

‐ Palmo – Distance from the tip of the thumb to the pinkie, with hand outstretched and open.

‐ Palmo cúbico – Cubic Inch.

‐ Palo – Stick.

42

‐ Panes – Breads.

‐ Paquete – Package.

‐ Paquetillo – Little packet.

‐ Par – Pair.

‐ Partida – Game.

‐ Pedazo – Piece.

‐ Persona – Person.

‐ Peso – Weight.

‐ Petaca – Trunk.

‐ Piececilla – Little feet.

‐ Pieza – Piece.

‐ Pieza Doble – Double room.

‐ Pipa – Pipe.

‐ Pipa de Garrafa – Bottle pipe.

‐ Pipote – Small pipe used to enclose and transport liquor, fish and other things.

‐ Plancha – Iron.

‐ Porción – Portion.

‐ Quintal – Weight 100 lbs Castilla equivalent to 46 kg approximately.

‐ Reales – Royals.

‐ Resma – Ream.

‐ Retazo – Snippet.

43

‐ Rollo – Roll.

‐ Saca – Costal lasting very large, longer than wide.

‐ Saco – Bag.

‐ Salma – Peso de 20 quintales métricos.

‐ Saquillo – Pouch.

‐ Tabla – Table.

‐ Tercio – Third.

‐ Timón – Rudder.

‐ Tipo Medida – Measure Type.

‐ Tomín – Part Three of the speck and eighth of Castilian, which is divided into 12 grains, equivalent to 596 mg.

‐ Tonelada – Ton.

‐ Tonel – Barrel.

‐ Tres Cuarto – Three Quarters.

‐ Trozo – Piece.

‐ Trozo Roto – Broken piece.

‐ Unidades – Units.

‐ Vara – Rod.

‐ Viñeta – Vignette.

‐ Yarda – Yard.

‐ Zaleas – Sheepskins.

‐ Zurrón – Bag.

44

Glossary for the table of TipoCargo.

‐ Administrador General – General Manager.

‐ Alcalde – Mayor.

‐ Alcalde Mayor – Mayor.

‐ Alcalde Ordinario – Ordinary Mayor.

‐ Alférez – Junior officer immediately below the lieutenant.

‐ Alférez de Milicias – Militias Junior officer immediately below the lieutenant.

‐ Alguacil del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición – Sheriff's Holy Office of the Inquisition.

‐ Alguacil Mayor – Inferior officer of justice, which carries out the court orders it serves.

‐ Almirante de Flotas – Fleet Admiral.

‐ Almirante Real – Royal Admiral.

‐ Apoderado de los Cinco Gremios Mayores de Madrid – Guardian of the Five Greater Guilds of Madrid.

‐ Apoderado del Consulado – Proxy Consulate.

‐ Capitán de Guarnición – Captain Garrison.

‐ Capitán de Infanteria – Infantry Captain.

‐ Capitán de la Universidad de Mareantes – Captain of the University of Merchants.

‐ Capitán de Mar y Guerra – Captain of Sea and War.

‐ Capitán de Milicias – Militia Captain.

‐ Capitán del Ejercito – Army Captain.

45

‐ Capitán General de la Carrera de Indias – General Captain of the Indies.

‐ Cargo en el Cabildo – Position in the Ecclesiastical body or community chapter of a cathedral or college.

‐ Cargo Principal en el Asiento – Senior Cargo Seat.

‐ Castellano de Fuerte – Fort Castilian.

‐ Comandante – Commander.

‐ Comandante de Navíos Guardacostas – Commander of Coast Guard Vessel.

‐ Comendador – Commander.

‐ Comisionario del Comercio de Esclavos – Commissioner of the Slave Trade.

‐ Consejero en el Tribunal de Contaduría Mayor de Cuentas – Counsellor at the Court of Accounts of Accounts.

‐ Consejero Real – Royal Advisor.

‐ Consiliario del Consulado de Cargadores a Indias – Counselor of the Indian Consulate Chargers.

‐ Cónsul – Consul.

‐ Cónsul de la Universidad de Cargadores a Indias – onsul University Indies Chargers.

‐ Cónsul del Consulado de Cargadores a Indias – Consul of the Consulate of India Chargers.

‐ Cónsul General – General Consul.

‐ Cónsul Imperial – Imperial Consul.

‐ Cónsul Mayor – Mayor Consul.

‐ Cónsul Menor – Minor Consul.

‐ Consultor Apostólico – Apostolic Consultant.

46

‐ Contable de Comandancia –Command Accounting.

‐ Contador de la Real Hacienda – Royal Treasury Accountant.

‐ Coronel – Colonel.

‐ Corregidor – Mayor.

‐ Depositario de la Administración de Millones y Cientos – Depository Administration of Millions and Hundreds.

‐ Diputado – Deputy.

‐ Diputado del Comercio – Commerce Deputy (Trade Representative).

‐ Diputado del Común – Deputy of the Community.

‐ Diputado del Consulado – Deputy Consulate.

‐ Diputado del Consulado de Cargadores – Consulate Deputy of Chargers.

‐ Diputado extraordinario – Special Deputy.

‐ Directivo de la Diputación – Provincial Steering.

‐ Directivo del Consulado – Steering Consulate.

‐ Director de Asiento – Seat Director.

‐ Director de Compañía – Company Director.

‐ Director de Flota – Fleet Director.

‐ Director del Asiento de Negros – Director of Seat of Blacks.

‐ Embajador – Ambassador.

‐ Encargado de combatir a los Piratas – Responsible for combating the Pirates

‐ Encomendero – Man who takes orders from another, and is obliged to give an account of what is charged and mandates.

47

‐ Escaño (Camara de los Comunes) – Seat (House of Commons).

‐ Escaño (Parlamento Britanico) – Seat (British Parliament).

‐ Escribano de Aduana – Customs Clerk.

‐ Escribano de Registros – Records Clerk.

‐ Familiar del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición – Member of the Holy Office of the Inquisition.

‐ Fiscal – Tax.

‐ Fraile – Friar.

‐ Funcionario – Official.

‐ Funcionario de la Real Hacienda – Royal Treasury official.

‐ Gentilhombre de la Cámara del Rey – Gentleman of the King's Chamber.

‐ Gobernador – Governor.

‐ Gobernador de la Sala de Alcaldes del Consejo de Castilla – The Governor of the Board of Mayors Council of Castile.

‐ Gobernador del Banco de Inglaterra – The Governor of the Board of Mayors Council of Castile.

‐ Guarda Almacén Principal – Home Depot Store.

‐ Hermano Mayor de la Congregación del Santo Espíritu – Brother of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit.

‐ Intérprete – Interpreter.

‐ Justicia – Justice.

‐ Llavero de los Cadales y Frutos – Keychain of Cadalus & Fruits.

‐ Lugarteniente – Lieutenant.

48

‐ Matriculado del Consulado – Enrolled Consulate.

‐ Mayor – First officer of a secretariat or office, especially that of each of the sections of the Council of State, the Courts, and the first permanent head of each ministry.

‐ Mayordomo – Butler.

‐ Miembro de Cabildo – Town Council Member.

‐ Miembro del Consulado – Member of the Consulate.

‐ Miembro del Consulado – Member of the Consulate.

‐ Miermbro de la Camara de los Comunes – Member of the House of Commons.

‐ Ministro – Minister.

‐ Ministro de la Contaduría Mayor del Tribunal de Cuentas – Minister of the Auditor General of the Court of Auditors.

‐ Ministro del Consejo de Guerra – Minister of the War Council.

‐ Ministro Honorario – Honorary Minister.

‐ Obispo – Bishop.

‐ Oficial Real – Royal Official.

‐ Oidor Decano – Magistrate Dean.

‐ Oratorio (Bula papal de permiso para hacer Misas) – Place intended to retire to pray to God (Bula Papal =Papal document on matters of faith or interest, or privileges granted through judicial or administrative proceedings or issued by the Apostolic Chancery and authorized by the stamp of his name or other similar printed with red ink) (permiso para hacer Misas = with permission to say Mass).

‐ Parlamentario – Parliamentary.

49

‐ Personero – Attorney to understand or apply for bullfighting.

‐ Presidente de la Casa de Contratación – Chairman of the House of Engagement.

‐ Presidente del Consulado – President of the Consulate.

‐ Primer Comandante – First Commander.

‐ Prior – Prior.

‐ Prior del Consulado ‐ Prior Consulate.

‐ Prior del Consulado de Cargadores – Consulate prior Shippers.

‐ Prior del Consulado de Comerciantes – Prior to the Consulate of Traders.

‐ Procurador General – Attorney General.

‐ Procurador Mayor – Staff Attorney.

‐ Procurador Síndico Personero – Trustee Attorney [Personero = Attorney to understand or solicit business outside].

‐ Protonotario Apostólico – Prothonotary Apostolic.

‐ Proveedor Oficial – Official Supplier.

‐ Provincial de la Santa Hermandad – Provincial of the Holy Brotherhood.

‐ Recaudador – Collector.

‐ Refugador de Bacalao – Cod Refuge.

‐ Regidor – Person responsible for organizing the movement and stage effects prepared by the director or the principal.

‐ Regidor Perpetuo ‐ Regidor Perpetuo.

‐ Representante del Asiento – Seat Representative.

‐ Sacerdote Agustino – Augustinian Priest.

50

‐ Sargento – Sergeant.

‐ Sargento Mayor – Sergeant Major.

‐ Secretario del Raad – Secretary Raad.

‐ Señora Mayor – Lady Mayor.

‐ Sindico Personero – Trustee Personero.

‐ Síndico Personero del Común – Receiver of the Common Personero.

‐ State Council – State Council.

‐ Tasador – Appraiser.

‐ Teniente Coronel – Lieutenant Colonel.

‐ Teniente de Comando de Resguardo – Command Lt. Ward.

‐ Teniente de Gobernador – Lieutenant Governor.

‐ Teniente de Infantería – Infantry Lieutenant.

‐ Teniente de la Real Armada – Royal Navy Lieutenant.

‐ Teniente del Cabildo ‐ Lieutenant of Ecclesiastical body or community chapter of a cathedral or college.

‐ Tesorero de la Santa Cruzada ‐ Treasurer of the Holy Cross.

‐ Tesorero del Tribunal del Consulado – Treasurer of the Consulate Tribunal.

‐ Tesorero Provincial – Provincial Treasurer.

‐ Tipo Cargo – Cargo Type.

‐ Veinticuatro – Twenty‐Four.

‐ Vicecónsul – Vice‐consul.

‐ Vicepresidente del Banco de Inglaterra – Bank of England Vice‐President.

51

‐ Virrey – Viceroy.

Glossary for the table of TipoParentesco.

‐ Abuelo – Grandfather

‐ Abuela – Grandmother.

‐ Amistad – Friendship

‐ Consuegra – mother of one of two people united in marriage, for the parent of the other.

‐ Consuegro – Parent of one of two people united in marriage, for the parent of the other.


‐ Cuñada – Sister‐in‐Law.

‐ Descendiente – Descendant.

‐ Esposa (en segundas nupcias) – Wife (second wife).

‐ Esposa (en terceras nupcias) – Wife (third wife).

‐ Esposa (y‐o Viuda) – Wife (and‐or Widow).



‐ Hermanastra – Stepsister.

‐ Hermanastro – Stepbrother.

‐ Hija – Daughter.

‐ Hijastro – Stepson.

‐ Hijastra – Stepdaughter.

‐ Hijo – Son.

52

‐ Madrastra – Stepmother.

‐ Madre – Mother.

‐ Marido – Husband.

‐ Marido (en segundas nupcias) – Husband (second marriage).

‐ Marido (en terceras nupcias) – Husband (third marriage).

‐ Nieta – Grandaughter.

‐ Nieto – Grandson.

‐ Nuera – Daughter‐in‐Law.

‐ Padrastro – Stepfather.


‐ Pariente / Familiar – Relative / Family.

‐ Prima – Cousin (female).

‐ Primo – Cousin (male).

‐ Sobrino – Niece.

‐ Sobrina – Nephew.

‐ Suegra – Mother‐in‐Law.


‐ Tio – Uncle.

‐ Tia – Aunt.

‐ Union sentimental – Sentimental union.

‐ Yerno – Son‐in‐Law.

53

Glossary for the table of TITULACION.

‐ Almirante‐ Admiral.

‐ Aristócrata – Aristocrat.


‐ Caballero ‐ Man who belongs to an order of chivalry.


‐ Duque – Duke.

‐ Hidalgo – Nobleperson.



‐ Noble – Noble.



54

Glossary for the table of TODAS LAS COMPAÑIAS.

‐ Acciones – Actions.

‐ Acciones ‐ Monopolio – Monopoly‐Actions.

‐ Alemana – German.

‐ Ambito geografico – Geographical scope.

‐ Casa Comercial – Commercial House.



‐ Compañía Particular – Private Company.

‐ Compañía Privilegiada – Privileged Company.

‐ Danesa – Danish.

‐ Escocia‐Holanda – Scotland‐Holland.

‐ Española – Spanish.

‐ Fecha de Fin – Ending Date.

‐ Fecha Final – Ending Date.

‐ Fecha Principio – Beginning Date.

‐ Firma Comercial – Commercial Firm.

‐ Francesa – French.

‐ Hispano‐Holandes – Hispanic‐Ducth.

‐ Holandesa – Dutch.

‐ Inglesa – English.

‐ Irlandesa –Irish.

55

‐ Italiana – Italian.

‐ Lugar – Place.

‐ Lugar Estabelecimento – Business location.

‐ Monopólio – Monopoly.

‐ Nacionalidad – Nationality.

‐ Nombre de Compañia – Company Name.

‐ Privada – Private.

‐ Socios – Business Partners.

‐ Sociedad – Society.

‐ Sueca – Swedish.

‐ Tipo de Cooperacion – Type of Cooperation.

56

Glossary for the table CARGOS

‐ Administrador General – General administrator (manager).

‐ Alcalde – Mayor.

‐ Alcalde Ordinario – Ordinary Mayor (Regular Mayor).

‐ Alférez – Second Lieutenant (Subaltern).

‐ Alférez Mayor – Second Lieutenant First‐Class

‐ Alguacil del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición – Holy Office of the Inquisition Official.

‐ Alguacil Mayor – Senior Official.

‐ Almirante Real – Royal Admiral.

‐ Apoderado del Consulado – Consulate Attorney.

‐ Capitán de Infanteria – Infantry Captain.

‐ Capitán de la Universidad de Mareantes – Captain of the University of Mareantes (merchants).

‐ Capitán de Mar y Guerra – Sea and War Captain.

‐ Capitán de Guarnición – Garrison Captain.

‐ Capitán General de la Carrera de Indias – General captain of the Career of Indies.

‐ Cargo en el Cabildo – Position (Post) in the City Hall.

‐ Cargo Principal en el Asiento – Establishment Senior Position (Post).

‐ Cargos – Positions (Posts)

‐ Comendador – Commander.

57

‐ Consejero Real – Royal Counselor (advisor).

‐ Consejero en el Tribunal de Contaduría Mayor de Cuentas – Counselor at the Court of Senior Accounts.

‐ Consiliario del Consulado de Cargadores a Indias – Counselor of the Indian Navigators Consulate.

‐ Cónsul ‐ Consul.

‐ Cónsul Imperial – Imperial consul.

‐ Cónsul de la Universidad de Cargadores a Indias – Consul of the University of Indies Navigators.

‐ Cónsul del Consulado de Cargadores a Indias ‐ Consul of the Consulate of Indies Navigators.

‐ Contador de la Real Hacienda – Real Estate Bookkeeper.

‐ Coronel – Colonel.

‐ Depositario de la Administración de Millones y Cientos – Depository of the Administration of Millions and Hundreds.

‐ Directivo de la Diputación – Delegation Executive.


‐ Director de Flota – Fleet Director.

‐ Diputado del Comercio – Commerce Representative.

‐ Diputado del Consulado ‐ Consulate Representative.

‐ Diputado del Común – Common Representative.

‐ Diputado extraordinario – Extraordinary Representative.

‐ Encargado de combatir a los Piratas – Responsible for fighting the Pirates.

58

‐ Escaño (Camara de los Comunes) – Seat (House of Commons).

‐ Escaño (Parlamento Britanico) – Seat (British Parliament)

‐ Escribano de Aduana – Customs Notary

‐ Embajador – Ambassador.

‐ Familiar del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición – Inquisition Holy Office Member.

‐ Fraile – Friar.

‐ Funcionario – Official (employee).

‐ Gentilhombre de la Cámara del Rey – Gentleman of the King's Chamber.

‐ Gobernador – Governor.

‐ Gobernador del Banco de Inglaterra – Governor of the Bank of England.

‐ Gobernador de la Sala de Alcaldes del Consejo de Castilla – Governor of the Board of Mayors of the Council of Castile

‐ Hermano Mayor de la Congregación del Santo Espíritu – Older brother of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit.


‐ Justicia ‐ Justice.

‐ Lugarteniente – Deputy.

‐ Matriculado del Consulado – Enrolled Consulate.

‐ Mayordomo ‐ Superintendent.

‐ Ministro de la Contaduría Mayor del Tribunal de Cuentas – Minister of the Auditor General of the Court of Auditors.

‐ Miembro del Consulado ‐ Member of the Consulate.

59

‐ Ministro del Consejo de Guerra – War Council Minister.

‐ Ministro Honorario – Honorary Minister.

‐ Obispo – Bishop.

‐ Presidente de la Casa de Contratación – President of the Contracting House.

‐ Presidente del Consulado – Consulate President.

‐ Prior del Consulado – Consulate Prior.

‐ Prior del Consulado de Comerciantes – Consulate Prior of Commerce.

‐ Procurador General ‐ General Proxy.

‐ Procurador Síndico Personero – Proxy Trustee.

‐ Proveedor Oficial – Official Supplier.

‐ Provincial de la Santa Hermandad – Holy Brotherhood Provincial.

‐ Recaudador – Collector.

‐ Refugador de Bacalao – There is no such term as “Refugador” in Spanish language according to the “Diccionario de la Lengua Española – Real Academia Española.”

‐ Regidor Perpetuo – Perpetual Manager.

‐ Regidor – Manager.

‐ Representante del Asiento – Establishment Representative.

‐ Sacerdote Agustino – Augustine Priest.

‐ Sargento Mayor – Sergeant Major.

‐ Señora Mayor – Older Lady.

60

‐ Secretario del Raad – Secretary of Raad.

‐ Sindico Personero – Proxy Trustee Spokesperson.

‐ State Council – State Council.

‐ Tasador – Evaluator.

‐ Teniente de Comando de Resguardo – Defense Command Lieutenant.

‐ Teniente del Cabildo – City Hall Lieutenant.

‐ Teniente de la Real Armada – Lieutenant of the Royal Armada.

‐ Tesorero de la Santa Cruzada – Treasurer of the Saint Crusade.

‐ Tesorero Provincial – Provincial Treasurer.

‐ Tesorero del Tribunal del Consulado – Treasurer of the Tribunal Consulate.

‐ Vicecónsul – Vice‐consul.

‐ Vice‐Director – Vice‐Director.

‐ Veinticuatro – Twenty‐four.

‐ Virrey – Viceroy.

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Glossary for the table COMPAÑIAS GLOBALES

‐ Acciones‐Monopolio – Actions‐Monopoly.

‐ Africa y América – Africa and America.

‐ Asiento de Negros – Seat of Blacks.

‐ Caribe‐Caracas – Caribbean‐ Caracas.

‐ Comercio, bajo apoyo y privilegio imperial – Commerce, under support and imperial privilege.

‐ Comercio con Africa – Trade with Africa.

‐ Comercio de Esclavos – Slave Trade.

‐ Comercio de Palo de Campeche, España‐America – Logwood trade, Spain‐America.

‐ Comercio España‐América, Vigilancia de las Costas, Armamiento de Corso – Spain‐America Trade, Monitoring Costs, Corso Arming.

‐ Comercio Venezuela‐España, Exploración del Territorio, Armamiento de Corso, Vigilancia de las Costas, etc. – Venezuela‐Spain Trade, Exploration of the Territory, Corso Arming, Coastal Surveillance, etc..

‐ Compañía Branbemburguesa de Navegación – Branbemburguesa Navigation Company.

‐ Compañía Dinamarquesa de las Indias Orientales – Danish East Indies Company.

‐ Compañía de Galicia – Company Galicia.

‐ Compañía Global – Global Company.

‐ Compañía Holandesa de las Indias Orientales (V.O.C.) – Dutch East Indies Company.

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‐ Compañía Holandesa de las Indias Occidentales (W.I.C.) – Dutch West Indies Company.

‐ Compañías holandesas de navegación./ Cordova‐Bello, E. p. 248 – Dutch Companies of Navegation ‐ Cordova‐Bello, E. p. 248.

‐ Compañía de Honduras – Honduras Company.

‐ Compañía de La Habana ‐ Havana Company.

‐ Compañía del Mar del Sur – South Sea Company.

‐ Compañía de Ostende – Ostend Company.

‐ `Compañías privilegiadas de comercio con américa…´´/ Rodríguez García, M.E. p. 15, en: Estudios de Historia Económica, nº. 46, pp. 13‐80 ; Compañías holandesas de navegación./ Cordova‐Bello, E. p. 251 –Privileged companies' trade with America ...''/ Rodríguez García, ME p. 15, in: Studies in Economic History, no. 46, pp. 13‐80; Dutch Navigation Company. / Cordova‐Bello, E. p. 251

‐ Compañía Sueca de Indias – Swedish Company of Indies.

‐ Dinamarca – Denmark.

‐ En 1785 paso a ser Compañía de Filipinas – In 1785 it became the Company of the Philippines.

‐ España – Spain.

‐ Francia – France.

‐ Gran Bretaña – Great Britain.

‐ Holanda – Holland.

‐ Inglaterra – England.

‐ La Habana – Havana.

63

‐ (Nueva) Compañía Holandesa de las Indias Occidentales (W.I.C.) – (New) Dutch East Indies Company.

‐ (Nueva) Compañía Inglesa de las Indias Orientales – English East Indies Company.

‐ Obtiene el Asiento de Negros en 1714. En 1715 logra el permiso para comerciar con Cartagena y Portobelo – Obtain a seat of Blacks in 1714. In 1715 he won permission to trade with Cartagena and Portobelo.

‐ Real Compañía de Barcelona – Royal Society of Barcelona.

‐ Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas – Royal Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas.

‐ Suecia – Sweden.

‐ The Royal African Company – The Royal African Company.

64

Glossary for the table FLOTAS

‐ Almirante mandada por Antonio Astina. Salen en Busca de la Flota de 1678 – Admiral sent by Antonio Astina. They depart in search of the 1678 Fleet.

‐ Armada de Barlovento (Agustin Odiostegui) –Barlovento Armada (Agustin Odiostegui).

‐ Aviso – Notice.

‐ Barco – Ship.

‐ Barco Británico – British Ship.

‐ Barco de Guerra Británico – British Warship.

‐ Barco de Guerra Holandés –Dutch Warship.

‐ Barco Español – Spanish Ship.

‐ Barco Francés – French Ship.

‐ Barco Negrero – Slave Ship.

‐ Barco Negrero Holandés – Dutch Slave Ship.

‐ Barco Portugués – Portuguese Ship.

‐ Barco Sueco – Swedish Ship.

‐ Cádiz y El Atlántico ‐ Cadiz and the Atlantic.

‐ Cartagena de Indias – Cartagena of Indies.

‐ Contratacion – Recruitment.

‐ Convoy al rescate de los Caudales de la Flotas de R. de Torre naufragada en Bahamas – Convoy to rescue the Fleet of R. Tower that sank in the Bahamas.

65

‐ Convoy del Asiento de Francisco de Alzeibar y Cristóbal de Urquijo – Seat Convoy Alzeibar Francisco and Cristobal de Urquijo.

‐ Convoy de Navíos del 23/06/1764 – Convoy Vessel of 23/06/1764.

‐ Convoy Militar (08/06/1769) – Military Convoy (08/06/1769).

‐ Corso – Privateer.

‐ Convoy de Thomas Navarro – Convoy of Thomas Navarro.

‐ Dependiendo de la fuente sale en enero (Memorias históricas…/Antúnez y Acevedo, R. Apéndice VII) o febrero. Llega a su destino en diciembre de 1668 – Depending on the source it leaves in January (historical memories ... / Antunez y Acevedo, R. Appendix VII) or February. It reaches its destination in December 1668.

‐ Dependiendo de la fuente varia el número de navíos y las fechas – Depending on the source it varies the number of ships and dates.

‐ Destino – Destination.

‐ En Derechura (sin escalas)[Es el primer registro donde aparece asi citado] – Straight (non‐stop) [It is the first record that is cited].

‐ En La Habana, se hace cargo de ellos Gabriel Pérez de Alderete, ya que Fernando Chacón fallece en el viaje de salida de La Veracruz – In Havana, it took charge of them Gabriel Perez de Alderete, Fernando Chacón dies on the journey out of Veracruz.

‐ Escuadra de Pedro Navarrete – Pedro Navarrete’s Squad.

‐ Expedición (La Habana) – Expedition (Havana).

‐ Fecha de regreso – Returning date.

‐ Fecha llegada a destino ‐ Date of arrival at destination.

‐ Flota – Fleet.

66

‐ Flota corsaria de Miguel Henríquez – Privateer Miguel Henríquez’s Fleet.

‐ Flota de Azogues a Nueva España (Francisco Martínez de Granada) – Azogues Fleet of New Spain (Francisco Martinez de Granada).

‐ Flota de Corso del Conde de Clavijo – Privateer Count Clavijo’s Fleet.

‐ Flota de Joaquín Villena (04/08/1758) – Joaquín Villena’s Fleet.

‐ Flota de Luis de Córdoba de Nueva España y La Habana – Luis de Córdoba’s Fleet of New Spain and Havana.

‐ Flota a Nueva España (Adrián Pulido Pareja o Adrián Pujada Pareja) – Fleet to New Spain (Adrian Pulido Adrian Pujada Couple or Couple).

‐ Flota a Veracruz(Fernando Chacón Medina y Salazar) – Fleet to Veracruz (Fernando Chacón Medina Salazar).

‐ Fuente o Documento – Source or Document.

‐ Galeones – Galleons.

‐ Galeones (Manuel López Pintado, viaje de vuelta de los Galeones del Marqués de Grillo) – Galleons (Manuel López Pintado, travel around the Galleons of the Marquis of Grillo).

‐ Galeones a Tierra Firme (Diego Córdoba Laso de la Vega) – Galleons to Tierra Firme (Diego Córdoba Laso de la Vega).

‐ Galeones de Caracas – Caracas Galleons.

‐ Importa la Contribución de Derechos, 93‐4‐17 ; A cuenta de la tercera parte de Pasajes, 800 – Contribution of rights import, 93‐4‐17 ; On account of a third of the tickets, 800.

‐ Incroyables gazettes et fabuleux…/Morineau, M. p. 409 – Incredible newspapers and fabulous ... / Morineau, P. M. 409.

‐ La Habana – Havana.

67

‐ Llegan a principios de agosto de 1739 – They arrive in early August 1739.

‐ Llega en septiembre de 1679 junto a la Flota de 1678 – It arrives in September 1679 with the 1678 Fleet.

‐ Memorias históricas – Historical memories.

‐ Mercante – Merchant.

‐ Navíos al mando de Baltasar de Guevara – Ships commanded by Baltasar de Guevara.

‐ Navio de Guerra – Warship.

‐ Navio de Guerra‐Permiso Especial – Warship Special Permit.

‐ Navíos del Mando de Benito Antonio de Espínola – Ships charged by Benito Antonio de Espínola.

‐ Naos Sueltas – Naos Loose.


‐ Nueva España – New Spain.

‐ Obras Completas – Complete Works.

‐ Origen – Origin.

‐ Permiso Especial – Special Permit.

‐ Política Española y Comercio Colonial – Spanish and Colonial Trade Policy.

‐ Registro a Buenos Aires 1671 – 1671 Buenos Aires Register.

‐ Registro Suelto a Indias – Loose Record to India.

‐ Sale de Cádiz en Enero de 1731 – It leaves from Cádiz in January of 1731.

‐ Salen a finales de 1737 – They leave at the end of 1737.

68

‐ Salen en octubre de 1733 – They leave in October 1733.

‐ Se duda en la fecha de salida: 22 octubre o 28‐29 de noviembre – It is doubtful in the departure date: October 22 or November 28‐29.

‐ Tonelaje – Tonnage.

69

Glossary for the table LUGARES.

‐ CANAL VACIA BOTIJA ‐ EMPTY CHANNEL BOTIJA.

‐ CONSOLACION DEL NORTE (Cuba) – NORTH CONSOLATION (Cuba).

‐ COSTA SEPTENTRIONAL VILLA CLARA (Cuba) – NORTH COAST VILLA CLARA (Cuba).

‐ Enclave de ocupación holandesa (Contrabando) dentro de Venezuela – Dutch occupation Enclave (smuggling) in Venezuela.

‐ Esclavos. WIC ‐ Slaves. WIC.

‐ GOLFO DE ANA MARIA (Cuba) – ANA MARIA GULF (Cuba).

‐ GOLFO DE GUACANAYABO (Cuba) – GUACANYABO GULF (Cuba).

‐ ISLA DE LA JUVENTUD (Cuba) ‐ ISLAND OF YOUTH (Cuba).

‐ ISLA DE PINOS (Cuba) – ISLE OF PINES (Cuba).

‐ ISLA DE TRIS ‐ TRIS ISLAND.

‐ JARDINES DE LA REINA (Cuba) – GARDENS OF THE QUEENS (Cuba).

‐ ``Lille a partir de 1668´´ ‐ `` Lille from 1668''.

‐ Liguria es una región del noroeste de Italia, cuya capital es Génova – Liguria is a region of northeastern Italy, whose capital is Genoa.

‐ LUGARES ‐ PLACES.

‐ NORTE DE ISLA PINOS (Cuba) – NORTH ISLAND PINES (Cuba).

‐ OCCIDENTE DE ISLA DE PINOS (Cuba) ‐ WESTERN OF ISLE OF PINES (Cuba).

‐ OESTE DE CAYO COCO (Cuba) – WEST OF CAYO COCO (Cuba).

‐ OUTROS NOMBRES O DENOMINACIONES – OTHER NAMES OR DENOMINATIONS.

70

Glossary for the table of MERCADERIA


‐ Añil – Indigo

‐ Armas – Arms (weapons)


‐ Cacao – Cocoa.


‐ Cerámica – Ceramics.

‐ Cereales – Cereals

‐ Cítricos – Citrus.


‐ Especias – Spices.

‐ Fibra vegetal – Plant Fiber.

‐ Ganado – Cattle.


‐ Joyas – Jewry.

‐ Lana – Wool.

‐ Licor – Liqueur.

‐ Lino – Flax.

‐ Liquido – Liquid.

‐ Loza – Crockery.

‐ Madera – Wood.

71

‐ Manufactura – Manufacture.

‐ Manufactura europea ‐ European Manufacturing.

‐ Manufactura metalúrgica ‐ Manufacturing metal.

‐ Manufactura Vegetal ‐ Manufacturing Plant.

‐ Márfil – Ivory.

‐ Material Construcción ‐ Construction Material.

‐ Mercaderia – Merchandise.

‐ Metalurgia – Metallurgy.

‐ Mineral – Ore.

‐ Paper – Papel.

‐ Personas – People.

‐ Pescado – Fish.

‐ Piel – Skin.

‐ Producto Animal ‐ Animal Product.

‐ Producto Cereal ‐ Cereal Product.

‐ Producto Indiano ‐ Indian Goods.

‐ Producto Lácteo ‐ Producto Lácteo.

‐ Producto Vegetal – Vegetal Product.

‐ Seda – Silk.


‐ Téxtil – Textile.

‐ Varios – Several.

72

‐ Vidrio – Glass.

‐ Víveres – Groceries.

‐ Tinte ‐ Dye

73

Glossary for the table of NAVIO E MERCADERES.

‐ Agente – Agent.

‐ Apodo – Nickname.

‐ Capitan – Capitan.


‐ Id de registro de ejercicios – Registry id of exercises.

‐ Mercaderes – Merchants.

‐ Navio – Ship.

‐ Periodo – Period.

‐ Ruta – Route.

‐ Tonelaje – Tonnage.

74

Glossary for the table of OFICIOS.

‐ Abogado – Lawyer.

‐ Acreedora – Creditor.


‐ Agente / Comerciante – Broker / Dealer.

‐ Agente de Comercio – Trade Agent.

‐ Agente de Negocios ‐ Business Agent.

‐ Almacenero – Grocer.

‐ Almacenero de cerveza – Beer Warehouseman.

‐ Almirante – Admiral

‐ Armador – Owner. (Person or company that provides a weapon or for commercial ship.)

‐ Armador de corso – Corsican guard.

‐ Asentista ‐ Charge to seat or contract with the Government or the public, for the provision or supply of food or other purposes, an army, navy, prison, place, etc.

‐ Asesor – Adviser.

‐ Asistente Comercial – Commercial Assistant.

‐ Asistente de casa comercial – Marketing Firm Assistant.

‐ Banquero – Banker.

‐ Botonero – Person who makes or sells buttons.

‐ Bucanero – Buccaneer (Pirate in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries gave to the plundering of the Spanish possessions overseas.).

75

‐ Cajero – Cashier.

‐ Capellán – Chaplain.

‐ Capitán – Captain.

‐ Capitán de Barco – Boat Captain.

‐ Capitan de Milicias – Militia Captain.

‐ Capitan de Navío – Ship Captain.

‐ Capitán Mercante – Merchant Captain.

‐ Cargador – Charger.

‐ Cargador a Indias – Charger Indies.

‐ Cargadora – Loader.

‐ Cargador a Indias – Charger from Indies.

‐ Cartografo – Cartographer.

‐ Cerería – House or premises where people work, save or sell the wax.

‐ Cientifico – Scientific.

‐ Clerigo – Clergyman.

‐ Comerciante – Trader.

‐ Comerciante a Indias – Indian merchant.

‐ Comerciante al por mayor – Wholesaler.

‐ Comerciante de Indias matriculado – Indies Trader enrolled.

‐ Comerciante de su comercio – Merchant trade.

‐ Comerciante matriculado – Registered trader.

76

‐ Comerciante matriculado en la carrera de Indias – Merchant enrolled in the Indies.

‐ Comerciante matriculado en el comercio de Indias – Merchant enrolled in the Indies trade.

‐ Comisionista – Commisioner.

‐ Confitera – Confectionery (Person whose job is to make and sell all kinds of sweets and candies).

‐ Contable – Accountant.

‐ Contrabandista – Smuggler.

‐ Corredor – Runner.

‐ Corsario – Corsair.

‐ Cosechero – Harvester.

‐ Dependiente – Dependent.

‐ Diplomático – Diplimat.

‐ El Rostro familiar de la metropolis – The familiar face of the metropolis.

‐ Empleado de comercio – Commerce employee.

‐ Empleado de oficina – Office employee (worker).

‐ Empresario – Employer.

‐ Esclavos – Slaves.

‐ Escribano – Notary.

‐ Factor – Factor.

‐ Factor de comerciantes judios – Jewish merchants Factor.

‐ Funcionario – Official.

77

‐ Génova – Genoa.

‐ Guarda Costas – Coast Guards.

‐ Guantero – Person who makes or sells gloves.

‐ Hombre de Negocios – Businessman.

‐ Ingeniero de obras – Work Engineer.

‐ Inmobiliario – Real Estate Lender.


‐ Intermediario en el comercio con España – Intermediary in trade with Spain.


‐ Inventor – Inventor.

‐ La Armada – The Navy.

‐ Maestro relojero – Watchmaker Master.

‐ Maestro sastre – Tailor Master.


‐ Maestro platero – Silversmith Master.

‐ Marino de la Armada Inglesa – British Navy Marine.

‐ Marinero – Sailor.

‐ Marino – Marine.

‐ Matriculado en comercio – Registered in trade.

‐ Mercader – Person who trades marketable genres.

‐ Mercader de Lonja – Marketplace Merchant.

78

‐ Mercader de Tienda – Store Merchant.

‐ Metedor – Looter.

‐ Militar – Military.

‐ Mujer de negocios – Business Woman.

‐ Navegante – Navigotor.

‐ Naviero – Shipowner.

‐ Oficial de zapatero ‐ Shoemaker Officer.

‐ Oficio – Profession (any occupation pursued as a business or livelihood).

‐ Párroco – Parish Priest.

‐ Patrón de Barco – Ship Master.

‐ Peluquero – Hairdresser.


‐ Piloto – Pilot.

‐ Pirata – Pirate.

‐ Plantador – Planter.

‐ Plumista – Man whose trade or profession, writing and, especially, clerk in charge of litigation and legal matters.

‐ Politico – Politician.

‐ Posadera – Hostess.

‐ Posadero – Innkeeper.

‐ Presbítero – Presbyter.

‐ Prestamista – Lender.

79

‐ Probador de vinos – Wine tester.

‐ Propietario – Owner.

‐ Proveedor – Provider.

‐ Quesero – Of or pertaining to cheese.

‐ Rentista – Rentier.

‐ Representante y Comerciante de negros – Representative black and Trader.

‐ Ribera – Margin and the sea or river.

‐ Sastre – Tailor.

‐ Soldado – Soldier.

‐ Tendero – Grocer.

‐ Tenedor de libros – Bookkeeper.

‐ Terrateniente – Landowner.

‐ Tienda ‐ Shop.

‐ Tienda de encajes – Lace shop.

‐ Tienda de lencerías y lana – Lingerie shop and wool.

‐ Tienda de mercerías y encajes – Dry goods store and lace.

‐ Tienda de sedas – Silk shop.

‐ Traficante – Trafficker.

‐ Transeunte – Passerby.

‐ Tratante ‐ One who is dedicated to buying goods for resale.

‐ Tratante de comestibles – Grocery Trader.

‐ Vendedor de cerverza – Beer Seller.

80

‐ Viajero de Comercio – Commercial Traveller.

‐ Vidriero – Glazier.

‐ Vinatero – Vintner.

81

Glossary for the table of PRUEBAAGENTES.


‐ Amberes – Antwerp.

‐ Amsterdam – Amsterdam.

‐ An empire divided ‐ An Empire Divided.

‐ Archivo Histórico Municipal de Cádiz – Cadiz Municipal Archives.

‐ Archivo Histórico Provincial de Cádiz – Cádiz Provincial Historical Archive.

‐ Ataca Essequebo en 1710 – Essequebo Attacks in 1710.

‐ Bolduque (Hertogenbosch) – Hertogenbosch (Hertogenbosch).

‐ Bruselas – Brussels.

‐ Cádiz – Cadiz.

‐ Cádiz y el Atlántico – Cadiz and Atlantic.

‐ Capital Invertido – Invested Capital.

‐ Capitán del Helena – Captain Helena.

‐ Capitán del Jonge Joachim – Captain Joachim Jonge.

‐ Segundo Comandante del Dutchess. Capitán del Queen Anne´s Revenge (Anteriormente La Concorde, de Réne Montaudoin) – Second Commander of Dutchess. Captain of Queen Anne's Revenge (Formerly The Concorde, Rene Montaudoin).

‐ Carga en la Flota de 1776 (Excede el limite de 300,000 maravedís). Viaja a Nueva España en 1776 en La Portobeleña – Cargo Fleet, 1776 (300.000 exceeds the coppers). Travel to New Spain in 1776 in The Portobeleña.

‐ Casado con Ana Joaquina Silva, en 1765 – Married to Ana Joaquina Silva, in 1765.

82

‐ Cataluña – Catalonia.

‐ Centre d’archives diplomatiques de Nantes, Cádiz, Registros – Diplomatic Archive Centre of Nantes, Cadiz, Records.

‐ Comerciando con el enemigo – Trading with the Enemy.

‐ Comerciante – Trader (Merchant).

‐ Comerciantes y Casas de Negocios en Cádiz – Merchants and Business Houses in Cádiz.

‐ Comerciantes mexicanos en el siglo XVIII – Mexican traders in the eighteenth century.


‐ Contrabando y control – Smuggling and control.

‐ Contratacion – Recruitment.

‐ Corredor – Corridor.

‐ Curazao y las costas de Caracas – The coast of Curacao and Caracas.

‐ Datos Viajes – Travel Information.

‐ Dueño del Phenix – Phenix Owner.

‐ Dueño del Nuestra Señora del Buen Viaje – Owner of Our Lady of Good Voyage.

‐ Dueño del San Cristóbal y San Antonio – Owner of San Cristobal and San Antonio.

‐ Dueño del San Joaquín – Owner of the San Joaquin.

‐ Dueño del San Pedro – Owner of San Pedro.

‐ Edad – Age.

‐ El comercio de exportación holandés – The Dutch export trade.

83

‐ El comercio español con América – The Spanish trade with America.

‐ El consulado de Cádiz: Matrícula de Comerciantes – The Consulate of Cadiz: Registration of Dealers.

‐ El contrabando holandés en el Caribe – Smuggling in the Caribbean Netherlands.

‐ El tráfico mercantil Anglo‐Español en el siglo XVIII – Traffic Anglo‐Spanish trade in the eighteenth century.

‐ Empleado de comercio – Commerce Employee.

‐ Entre Cádiz y los Paises Bajos ‐ Between Cadiz and the Netherlands.

‐ Escocia – Scotland.

‐ España – Spain.

‐ Extranjero – Foreign.

‐ Familia – Family.

‐ Fecha – Date.

‐ Fecha Defuncion – Death Certificate.

‐ Fecha Matricula – Registration Date.

‐ Fecha de Muerte – Death Date.

‐ Fecha de Nacimento – Birthdate.

‐ Fecha Naturalizacion – Naturalization Date.

‐ Flandes – Flanders.

‐ Francia – France.

‐ Fuente de Imagen – Image Source.

‐ Fuentes – Sources.

84

‐ Gante – Ghent.

‐ Génova – Genoa.

‐ Hamburgo – Hamburg.

‐ Hijo de Juan. Hermano de Cristóbal – John’s son. Christopher’s brother.

‐ Holanda – Holland.

‐ Hombres, barcos y comercio – Men, ships and trade.

‐ Hombre de negocios – Businessman.

‐ Inglaterra – England.

‐ Irlanda – Ireland.

‐ Italia – Italy.

‐ Jefe de Azoguez de 1710 – Azoguez Chief of 1710.

‐ Jefe de Azogues de 1701,1722 y 1723, Jefe de la Flota de Nueva España de 1716 y 1720 – Azogues Chief of 1701.1722 and 1723, Chief of the Fleet of New Spain in 1716 and 1720.

‐ Jenízaro – Janissary.

‐ La burguesía de negocios en – The bourgeoisie business.

‐ La Haya – The Hague.

‐ La Pugna entre el Consulado – The struggle between the Consulate.

‐ Lieja – Liege.

‐ Londres – London.

‐ Los Comerciantes de [la Carrera de Indias] – Merchants of the [Navigation done to India, with ships going to and returning from those kingdoms with merchandise].

85

‐ Lugar de Matricula – Registration Place.

‐ Lugar de Nacimento – Birthplace.

‐ Lugar de Origen – Place of Origin.

‐ Maestre del Agneta María – Master of Mary Agneta.

‐ Maestre del Las Animas – Master of Las Animas.

‐ Maestre del La Concepción y S. Nicolás de Bari – Master of La Concepcion and Saint Nicolas of Bari (Italy).

‐ Maestre del La Fortuna – Master of La Fortuna.

‐ Maestre del Eagle – Master of the Eagle.

‐ Maestre del Greyhound –Master of the Greyhound.

‐ Maestre del La Concepción – Master of La Concepción.

‐ Maestre del La Concordia – Master of La Concordia.

‐ Maestre del Lammerenburg – Master of Lammerenburg.

‐ Maestre del María Catalina , Maestre del San José – Master of Mary Catherine, of Saint Joseph Master.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora de Aranzazu – Master of Our Lady of Aranzazu.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora del Carmen y San Juan Bautista – Master of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint John the Baptist.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora de la Concepción – Master of Our Lady of Conception.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora de la Concepción y San José, del Nuestra Señora de la Concepción, del Nuestra Señora del Rosario y del San Francisco de Asís – Master of Our Lady of the Conception and St. Joseph, Our Lady of Conception of Our Lady of the Rosary and St. Francis of Assisi.

86

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora de la Concepción y San Miguel – Master of Our Lady of the Conception and Saint Michael.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza – Master of Our Lady of Hope.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora de la Misericordia – Master of Our Lady of Mercy.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora de los Angeles – Master of Our Lady of the Angels.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora de los Dolores – Master of Our Lady of Sorrows.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora del Coro – Master of Our Lady of Coro.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora del Rosario y las Animas – Master of Our Lady of the Rosary and Animas.

‐ Maestre del Nuestra Señora del Socorro – Master of Our Lady of Help.

‐ Maestre del La Galicia – The Master of Galicia.

‐ Maestre del La Nueva España – Master of New Spain.

‐ Maestre del La Señora María – Master of the Lady Mary.

‐ Maestre del Principe – Master of the Prince.

‐ Maestre del Prosperus – Master of Prosperus.

‐ Maestre del Rey Federico – Master of King Frederick.

‐ Maestre del San Antonio – Master of Saint Anthony.

‐ Maestre del San Antonio de Lisboa y San Francisco – Master of Saint Antohony and San Francis of Lisbon.

‐ Maestre del San Francisco – Master of Saint Francis.

‐ Maestre del San José – Master of Saint Joseph.

87

‐ Maestre del San Francisco Javier y del Jesús María y José – Master of Saint Francisco Javier and Jesus Mary and Joseph.

‐ Maestre del San Antonio Abad – Master of Saint Antonio Abad.

‐ Maestre del San Rafael – Master of Saint Rapahel

‐ Maestre del San Juan Bautista – Master of Saint John the Baptist.

‐ Maestre del San Miguel – Master of Saint Michael.

‐ Maestre del Santa Teresa – Master of Saint Teresa.

‐ Maestre del Venus – Master of Venus.

‐ Maestre del San José – Master of Saint Joseph.

‐ Maestre de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria – Master of Our Lady of Candelaria.

‐ Matriculado a Indias en 1752 y 1764 – Admitted to the Indies in 1752 and 1764.

‐ Mercader – Merchant.

‐ Mercaderes atlanticos: redes de comercio flamenco y holandés entre Europa y el Caribe – Atlantic merchants: Flemish and Dutch commerce network between Europe and the Caribbean.

‐ Merxens (Amberes) – Merxens (Antwerp).

‐ Miembro y más tarde Teniente del Cabildo de Buenos Aires – Member and later Lieutenant Cabildo de Buenos Aires.

‐ Milán – Milan.

‐ Moscu – Moscow.

‐ Mujer de negocios – Businesswoman.

‐ Naturaleza – Nature.

88

‐ Navarra – Navarre.

‐ Naviero / Maestre – Shipping / Master.

‐ Nombre e Apellidos – Name and Surname.

‐ Nota – Note.

‐ Obras Completas – Complete Works.

‐ Oficio – Usual occupation.

‐ Padre de Francisco Henquel – Francisco Henquel’s Father.

‐ Periodo – Period.

‐ Piratas y corsarios – Pirates and privateers.

‐ Plantador – Planter.

‐ Pliegos y reglamentos de ida – Bidding and Regulations of a one‐way trip (going).

‐ Primo de James y Evan – James and Evan’s cousin.

‐ Propietario de La Concorde (Más tarde conocido como Queen Anne´s Revenge, bajo el poder de Barbanegra) – Owner of La Concorde (later known as Queen Anne's Revenge, Blackbeard's low power).

‐ Protocolos Notoriales – Notorial Protocols.

‐ Prueba Agentes – Test Agents.

‐ Regidor perpetuo del Cabildo municipal gaditano – Perpetual Regidor of the municipal council Cadiz.

‐ Registros de Ida a Buenos Aires – Trip Records to Buenos Aires.

‐ Registros de ida a Caracas y La Guaira –Trip Records to Caracas and La Guaira.

‐ Registros de Ida a Cartagena – Trip Records to Cartagena.

89

‐ Religion – Relogion.

‐ Rentista – Rentier.

‐ Sección Padrones – Section Patterns.

‐ Sevilla – Seville.

‐ Socios / Colaboradores – Partners / Collaborators.

‐ Tipologia de coperacion – Typology of Cooperation.

‐ Tipo religion – Religion Type.

‐ Titulación – Certification.

‐ Venecia – Venice.

‐ Veracruz y el comercio de harinas en el Caribe español:1760‐1830 – Veracruz and trade of flour in the Spanish Caribbean :1760‐1830.

‐ Viaja a Nueva España en 1776 en el Pájaro – Travel to New Spain in 1776 in the Bird.

‐ Viaja y carga a Caracas en 1677 – Travel and cargo to Caracas in 1677.

90

Glossary for the table of RUTAS.

‐ Actuaciones durante la escala – Actions during the stop.




‐ Escalas y Puertos – Stops and Ports.

‐ En angola se comprarias esclavos con productos europeos, para luego venderlos en Buenos Aires. – In Angola slaves would be bought with European products to be sold in Buenos Aires.

‐ En Rotterdam cargo Cañamazo y listado. En Irlanda cargo carne salda y 40 frasqueras de aguardiente. En San Eustaquio cargo azúcar, plomo y aguardiente. En rio valis cambio toda su mercancia por Palo de tinte. – In Rotterdam canvas and listing fee. In Ireland settles over meat and 40 bottle cases of liquor. In St. Eustatius cargo of sugar, lead and other spirits. In river Valis exchange all your goods by wood dye.

‐ En Zepe intercambio de 20 fangas de cacao por manufacturas, con los nativos ; En Cata intercambio de 70 fanegas de cacao por manufacturas europeas, con los nativos. ; En Ocumares 5 fanegas de cacao por manufacturas europeas con los nativos. – In Zepe exchange cocoa for manufacturing sludge, with the natives. In Cata exchange of 70 acres of cocoa by European manufacturers, with the natives. ; In Ocumare cocoa 5 acres of native with European manufactures.

‐ Id de entrega – Delivery id.

‐ Imagen – Image.

‐ Fecha de envio – Shipping date.

‐ Fuente de Imagen – Image Source.

91

‐ Mercancia – Merchandise.

‐ Navio – Ship.

‐ Origen – Origin.

‐ Tonelaje – Tons.

‐ 2,5 meses en portobelo donde carga plata y porductos indianos. 15 días en Manzanillo (Cuba) donde intercambia sus productos por cuero y plata ; 5 días en Santo Domingo donde no puede comerciar ; Marcha a la costa de Caracas durante 3 meses a comerciar. – 2.5 months in Portobelo where cargo of silver and Indians porductos. 15 days in Manzanillo (Cuba) where they exchanged their products for leather and silver, five days in Santo Domingo where they can not trade; March on the coast of Caracas for 3 months to trade.

‐ Valor – Value.

92

Glossary for the table of SOCIOS.

‐ Acreedor – Creditor.

‐ Administrador – Administrator.


‐ Amistad – Friendship.

‐ Apoderado – Agent.

‐ Compañero de Negocios (Relaciones comerciales) – Business Partner (trade relations).

‐ Consignador – Consignor.

‐ Consignatario – Consignee.

‐ Criado – Servant.


‐ Deudor – Debtor.

‐ Empleado – Employee.

‐ Encomendador – Commissioned.


‐ Funcion – Function.

‐ Hermanastro – Stepbrother.



‐ Hijo – Son.


93

‐ Jefe‐Empleador – Head‐Employer.

‐ Lugar – Place.


‐ Pariente / Familiar – Relative / Family

‐ Parentesco – Kinship.


‐ Representado – Represented.

‐ Representante – Representative.

‐ Sobrino – Nephew.

‐ Socios – Partner.


‐ Tio – Uncle.

‐ Yerno – Son.

94

Glossary for the table of TIPO COPERACION.

‐ Casa Comercial – Commercial House.

‐ Casa de Comercio – House of Commerce.

‐ Casa de Negocios – House of Businesses.


‐ Compañía de Contrabando – Smuggling Company.

‐ Compañía Delegada (Factora de otra Compañía) – Compañía Delegada (Factor in another company).

‐ Compañía Mercantil – Trading Company.

‐ Compañía de Monopolio – Monopoly Company.

‐ Compañía Particular – Private company.

‐ Compañía por Acciones – Stock company.

‐ Convenio Mútuo de Correspondencia – Mutual Convention correspondence.

‐ Corso – Corsican.

‐ Deposito – Storage.

‐ Firma Comercial – Commerical Company (Firm).

‐ Firma Mercantil – Commercial Firm.

‐ Firma Social – Social Firm.

‐ Letra de Cambio – Bill of exchange.

‐ Letra de Recambio – Letter Replacement.

‐ Lonja – Slice (Something long, wide and slightly thick, which is cut or separated from each other).

95


‐ Negocio particular – Particular business.

‐ Negocio (Solidaridad) – Business (Solidarity).

‐ Obligación – Obligation.

‐ Pago de Letra de Cambio – Bill of Exchange Payment.

‐ Participación – Participation.

‐ Prestamo – Loan.

‐ Riesgo – Risk.

‐ Seguro de viaje – Travel Insurance.

‐ Seguro Marítimo – Marine insurance.

‐ Sociedad Comanditaria – Limited Partnership.

‐ Sociedad de viaje – Travel Company.

‐ Sociedad para un negocio – Society for a business.

‐ Sociedad (para Pertrechos) – Society (for Ammunition).

‐ Tipo Coperacion – Cooperation Type (kind).

96

Glossary for the table of TIPO FUNCION.

‐ Acreedor – Creditor.

‐ Administrador – Administrator.

‐ Administrador Societario – Corporate Manager.


‐ Apoderado – Agent. (A person that is empowered to represent another and proceed on their behalf).

‐ Cajero – Cashier.

‐ Capitán – Captain.

‐ Cargador – Charger.

‐ Comisionista – Commissioner.

‐ Compañero de Negocios (Relaciones comerciales) – Business Partner (trade relations).

‐ Consignador – Consignor.

‐ Consignatario – Consignee.

‐ Correspondiente – Corresponding.

‐ Criado – Servant.

‐ Deudor – Debtor.


‐ Directivo de Compañía – Company Directors.

‐ Empleado – Employee.

‐ Encomendero – Man who takes orders from another and is obliged to give an account of what is charged and mandates.

97

‐ Encomendador – Commissioned.


‐ Filial de Compañía – Subsidiary Company.

‐ Fletador – Charterer.


‐ Jefe‐Empleador – Head‐Employer.


‐ Mozo de Escritorio – Business young man (Office Boy).

‐ Piloto – Pilot.

‐ Propietario de Navío – Ship Owner.


‐ Representado – Represented.

‐ Representante – Representative.

‐ Sobrecargo – Supercargo.

‐ Socio – Partner.

‐ Socio‐Factor – Socio‐Factor.

‐ Socio Capitalista – Capitalist Partner.

‐ Testaferro – Figurehead.

‐ Tipo Funcion – Function Type.

98

Glossary for the table of TIPO MERCANCIA.

‐ Abalorios – Beads.

‐ Abarrotes (Productos de abastos) – Grocery (Product supplies)

‐ Aceite – Olive oil.

‐ Aceite de ballena – Whale oil.

‐ Aceite de oliva – Olice oil.

‐ Aceitunas – Olives.

‐ Acero – Steel.

‐ Agua – Water.

‐ Aguardiente – Brandy.

‐ Aguardiente de anís – Anise Spirits.

‐ Aguardiente de Francia – Franch brandy.

‐ Aguardiente de trigo – Wheat Spirits.

‐ Aguardiente room – Brandy blunt.

‐ Ajonjoli – Sesame.

‐ Albayalde – White lead.

‐ Alcaparras – Capers.

‐ Alcaparrones – Capers.

‐ Aceite industrial – Industrial oil.

‐ Aceite de linaza – Linseed oil.

‐ Alemanisco – It was said of a certain kind of style linens carved in Germany, where it originated.

99

‐ Almizcle – Musk.


‐ Algodón azul – Blue cotton.

‐ Algodón Azul y rojo – Blue and red cotton.

‐ Azúcar blanca de Santo Domingo – White sugar from Santo Domingo.

‐ Alfileres – Pins.

‐ Algodón coloreado – Colored Cotton.

‐ Algodón de Curaçao – Cotton from Curacao.

‐ Algodón de Santo Tomas – Santo Tomas Cotton.

‐ Algodón estampado – Cotton Fabric having stamped heat or cold, with colors or not, different tasks or drawings.

‐ Algodón+lino – Cotton + linen.

‐ Algodón rojo – Red Cotton.

‐ Alhajas de Oro labrado – Wrought Gold Jewelry.

‐ Alimentos – Food.

‐ Almendras – Almonds.

‐ Almendras amargas – Bitter Almonds.

‐ Alquitrán – Tar.

‐ Añil – Indigo.

‐ Añil de Santo Domingo – Indigo Santo Domingo.

‐ Anís – Anise.

‐ Aperos – Tools.

100

‐ Arenques – Herring.

‐ Armas – Arms.

‐ Aros de hierro – Iron Rings.

‐ Arroz – Rice.

‐ Artillería – Artillery.

‐ Avena – Oats.

‐ Azadas – Hoes.

‐ Azafrán – Saffron.

‐ Azogue – Quicksilver.


‐ Azúcar blanco – White sugar.

‐ Azúcar Brasileño – Brazilian sugar.

‐ Azúcar de Portugal – Sugar from Portugal.

‐ Azúcar de Saint Domingue – Saint Domingue sugar.

‐ Azúcar marrón – Brown sugar.

‐ Azúcar marrón de Saint Domingue – Saint Domingue brown sugar.

‐ Azúcar Moeno – Moeno sugar.

‐ Azúcar moscabado – Brown sugar.

‐ Azúcar parda – Brown sugar.

‐ Azúcar prieta – Brown sugar.

‐ Azufre – Sulfur.

‐ Bacalao – Cod.

101

‐ Bacalao de mala calidad – Poor cod.

‐ Bálsamo – Aromatic substance, liquid, almost transparent at the time that is obtained by incision from certain trees, but will thicken and taking color as by weathering, which contains essential oils are changed into resin and benzoic acid cinnamic acid.

‐ Baquetas (de Moscú) – Sticks (Moscow).

‐ Barracones – Barracks.

‐ Barras de Hierro – Iron Bars.

‐ Barrilla – Plant of the family Chenopodiaceae, ramosa, steep, hairless stems, leaves whitish, succulent, semi‐cylindrical, pointed, but not prickly, and greenish flowers, axillary and solitary. It grows in salt and ashes, which contain many alkaline salts used to get the soda.

‐ Bastones – Canes.

‐ Bayeta – Baize.

‐ Bayeta azul – Blue cloth.

‐ Benjui – Benzoin.

‐ Black anascote – Black Thin wool fabric, twill on both sides, used to their habits various religious orders. Also use it to their village women dressed in some provinces of Spain.

‐ Bizcocho – Cake.

‐ Bocadillo – Sandwich.

‐ Borlones – Tassels.

‐ Botica – Drugstore.

‐ Botones – Buttons.

‐ Botones de metal – Metal buttons.

102

‐ Bramante crudo – Bramante crude.

‐ Brasilete – Braziletto.

‐ Brea – Pitch.

‐ Bredón con sus pistolas – Bredon their guns.

‐ Bretañas – Britains.

‐ Bridone – Bridon.

‐ Brocado – Brocade.

‐ Bronce – Bronze.

‐ Cabezas de cerdo – Pig heads.

‐ Cabo de Baylan – Bayle's Cape.

‐ Cacao – Cocoa.

‐ Cacao de Caracas – Caracas Cocoa.

‐ Cacao de Caracas y de Santo Domingo – Cocoa Caracas and Santo Domingo.

‐ Cacao en grano – Cocoa beans.

‐ Cacao Trocha (de Caracas) – Cocoa Trail (From Caracas).


‐ Café de Martinica – Martinque Coffee.

‐ Cajita de Metal – Metal Box.

‐ Cajones toscos – Coarse Boxes.

‐ Calabrotes – Hawser.

‐ Calceta fina – Fine knitting.

‐ Calceta – Stocking.

103

‐ Cálicos procedentes de la India – Chalices from India.

‐ Camelote – Strong and waterproof fabric, usually wool (Camelot).

‐ Camelote doble – Double “camelote”.

‐ Camelote sencillo – Simple “camelote”.

‐ Camisas – Shirts.

‐ Campanas – Bells.

‐ Campanillas – Doorbells.

‐ Candelero – Candlestick.

‐ Canela – Cinnamon.

‐ Canvas – Canvas.

‐ Caña (no de azúcar, caña normal) – Cane (no sugar, cane normal).

‐ Cañamazo – Canvas.

‐ Candados – Padlocks.

‐ Caoba – Mahogany.

‐ Capas – Layers.

‐ Carbón – Coal.

‐ Carda – Card.

‐ Carga destinada a las guarniciones militares – Cargo destined for the ilitary garrisons.

‐ Carey – Tortoiseshell.

‐ Carne – Meat.

‐ Carne de cerdo francesa – French Pork.

104

‐ Carne de puerco – Pork.

‐ Carne francesa decomisada – French meat seized.

‐ Carne irlandesa – Irish beef.

‐ Carne Salada – Meat Salad.

‐ Cáscaras de naranja – Orange peel.

‐ Cascarilla – Husk.

‐ Caserillo – Type of home canvas.

‐ Castañas – Chestnuts.

‐ Cebolla – Onion.

‐ Cecina – Dried meat.

‐ Cera – Wax.

‐ Cerdo en Salazón – Salted Pork

‐ Cereales – Cereals.

‐ Cerveza – Beer.

‐ Chafarotes – Cutlass.

‐ Chocolate – Chocolate.

‐ Chucherías – Goodies.

‐ Cintas blancas de hilo – White ribbon yarn.

‐ Cinta para botas – Tape boots.

‐ Cinta reata – Tape rope.

‐ Cítricos – Citrus.

‐ Citricos (limones y lima) – Citrus (lemons and limes).

105

‐ Clavazón – Nailing.

‐ Clavazón Vizcaya – Vizcaya Nailing.

‐ Clavo (especia) – Clove (spice).

‐ Clavos – Cloves.

‐ Cobre – Copper.

‐ Cobre campanil – Copper bell.

‐ Cobre‐estaño – Copper‐tin.

‐ Cochinilla – Cochineal.

‐ Coleta – Queue.

‐ Comestibles – Groceries.

‐ Colmillos de elefante – Elephant tusks.

‐ Conchas de carey – Tortoiseshell.

‐ Confitura – Jam.

‐ Corales – Corals.

‐ Corambre – Hides.

‐ Cordaje – Rigging.

‐ Cordobanes turcos – Turkish cordovan.

‐ Coro ‐ Choir.

‐ Crehuela – Scrim.

‐ Crines de caballo – Horsehair.

‐ Cristales – Crystals.

‐ Correo – Mail.

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‐ Crudo – Crude.

‐ Cuadernillo – Booklet.

‐ Cucharas de peltre – Pewter spoons.

‐ Cuchillos – Knives.

‐ Cuchillo + vaina – Knife + Sheath.

‐ Cuerda – Rope.

‐ Cuernos de ciervo – Deer antlers.


‐ Cueros – Leather.

‐ Cueros al pelo – Raw hides.

‐ Cueros al pelo de Caracas y Santo Domingo – Raw hides from Caracas and Santo Domingo.

‐ Cuero de Caracas – Caracas Leather.

‐ Cueros de Caracas y Puerto Rico ‐ Hides from Caracas and Puerto Rico.

‐ Cuero de Cuba – Cuban leather.

‐ Cuero Curtido – Leather Tanning.

‐ Cueros medio curtidos – Half tanned leathers.

‐ Cueros de novillo al pelo – Steer hides the hair.

‐ Cuero de Santo Domingo – Santo Domingo Leather.

‐ Cueros de vaca – Cowhides.

‐ Cueros de vaca al pelo – The hair cowhide.

‐ Duelas para barriles – Barrel Staves.

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‐ Dátiles – Dates.

‐ Dátiles africanos – African Dates.

‐ Diamantes – Diamonds.

‐ Drogas – Drugs.

‐ Efectos – Effects.

‐ Encajes – Lace.

‐ Encajes finos – Fine Lace.

‐ Encajes de oro y plata – Gold and silver lace.

‐ Envoltorio de libros y medicinas – Wrap books and medicines.

‐ Escarlatín – Scarlet fever.


‐ Escobas palma – Palm Brooms.

‐ Escopetas – Shotguns.

‐ Escritorio ingles – English Office.

‐ Escritorios – Office.

‐ Especias – Spices.

‐ Espejos – Mirrors.

‐ Estameña – Serge.

‐ Esteras – Mats.

‐ Esteras de esparto – Esparto mats.

‐ Estofa – Work cloth or fabric, usually silk.

‐ Estofa de seda – Silk stuff.

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‐ Estopilla – Party thinner than a tow, which is on the rake to go through it a second time the flax or hemp.

‐ Estuche – Case.

‐ Faroles de talco – Talc Lantern.

‐ Fibras textiles animales – Animal textile fibers.

‐ Fibras vegetales – Plant fibers.

‐ Fletes de hierro – Freight iron.

‐ Florete – Foil.

‐ Forros – Linings.

‐ Frasqueras – Flask.

‐ Fruta – Fruit.

‐ Frutos – Fruits.

‐ Fusiles – Rifles.

‐ Gamuza – Suede.

‐ Ganado – Cattle.

‐ Gasa seda a rayas – Striped silk gauze.

‐ Genjibre de Jamaica – Jamaica ginger.

‐ Goma – Rubber.

‐ Gorgorán – Silk fabric with cord, no other work usually, but so was listing and enhanced.

‐ Grana – Cochineal.

‐ Granadilla – Passion fruit.

‐ Grano – Grain.

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‐ Grasa – Fat.

‐ Guisantes – Green peas.

‐ Habas – Lima beans.

‐ Hachas – Axes.

‐ Hamburgo – Hamburg.

‐ Harina – Flour.

‐ Harpillera – Sacking.

‐ Herramientas – Tools.

‐ Herramientas de Carpintero – Carpenter Tools.

‐ Hierbas medicinales – Medicinal Herbs.

‐ Hierro – Iron.

‐ Hierro acarreto – Iron acarreto.

‐ Hierro Colado Viejo – Old Cast Iron.

‐ Hierro Colado Español – Spanish Cast Iron.

‐ Hierro cuadrillo – Iron bolt.

‐ Hierro en barras – Pig‐iron.

‐ Hierro Labrado – Wrought Iron.

‐ Hierro planchuela – Iron Clod.

‐ Hierro viejo suelto – Loose Scrap iron.

‐ Higos – Figs.

‐ Hilo – Thread.

‐ Hilo blanco – White thread.

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‐ Hilo de colores – Colored thread.

‐ Hilo (de Flandes) – Flemish long thin strand of a textile material, especially the one used for sewing.

‐ Hilo crema – Cream long thin strand of a textile material, especially the one used for sewing.

‐ Hilo de Bayona – Bayonne Thread.

‐ Hilo de Cambray – Cambray Thread.

‐ Hilo de velas – Thread candles.

‐ Hojalata – Tin.

‐ Hojas de Lata – Tin Sheets.

‐ Hojuela – Flake.

‐ Hortaliza – Vegetable.

‐ Incienso – Incense.

‐ Infantes para Chile – Infants to Chile.

‐ Imágenes (Religiosas) – Images (Religious).


‐ Infantes – Infants.

‐ Instrumentos Quirurgicos – Surgical Instruments.

‐ Jabón – Soap.

‐ Jalapa – Following an American perennial plant of the family Convolvulaceae, vine like the bells, the size and shape of a carrot, compact, heavy, blackish on the outside, white inside and with resinous juice soon solidifies. Used as a strong purgative.

‐ Jamones – Hams.

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‐ Jarcia – Rigging and ropes of a ship.

‐ Jengibre – Ginger.

‐ Joyas – Jewel.

‐ Jugo de limón – Lemon juice.

‐ Juguetes – Toys.

‐ Ladrillos – Bricks.

‐ Lámina – Sheet.

‐ Lamparilla – Night light.

‐ Lana – Wool.

‐ Lana de alpaca – Alpaca Wool.

‐ Lana de cordero – Lambswool. ‐ Lana española – Spanish Wool.

‐ Lana vicuña – Vicuña wool.

‐ Lastre – Ballast.

‐ Latón – Brass.

‐ Lebrillos – Bowls.

‐ Lenguas de Vaca – Cow’s tongue.


‐ Libros de impresión en España – Print Books in Spain.

‐ Libros de impresión extranjera – Foreign print books.

‐ Licores – Spirits.

‐ Lienzo – Canvas.

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‐ Lienzo crudo – Raw Canvas.

‐ Lienzo de algodón – Cotton Canvas.

‐ Lienzo de colcha – Quilt Canvas.

‐ Lienzos – Canvas.

‐ Lienzos blancos y azules (o Creas listadas) – Blue and white canvas (or create listings).

‐ Lienzo para vela – Canvas for sail.

‐ Lima – Lime.

‐ Limón – Lemmon.

‐ Lino – Linen (Herbaceous, annual, family of Linaca with fibrous root, stem, straight, hollow, about a meter tall and branched at its tip, lanceolate leaves, blue flowers with five petals, and fruit in a box of ten cells, with a flat, shiny seed in each. Extracted from its stem fibers are used to produce the yarn).

‐ Lino Arabe – Arab linen.

‐ Lino de Osnabrück – Osnabrück linen.

‐ Lino de Silesia – Silesian linen.

‐ Lino Elberfeld – Elberfeld linen.

‐ Lino Flemish – Flemish linen.

‐ Lino rayado – Lines linen.

‐ Listado – Stripped.

‐ Lona – Canvas.

‐ Loneta – Canvas.

‐ Loneta (Francesa) – Canvas (French).

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‐ Losa de China – China slab.

‐ Loza de Valencia y China – Crockery from Valencia and China.

‐ Madera – Wood.

‐ Madera de Lima (Olivo salvaje) – Madera de Lima (Wild Olive).

‐ Madera de Río Hacha – Wood River Axe.

‐ Madera de roble – Oak wood.

‐ Madera de Sta. Marta – Santa Marta Wood.

‐ Madera guayacán – Guaiac Wood.

‐ Madera Mahogany – Mahogany Wood.

‐ Madera vicuña – Vicuña Wood.

‐ Medias de lana de Inglaterra – England wool socks.

‐ Madera de Pino – Pine Wood.

‐ Media de seda – Knitted garment, silk, nylon, etc., which covers the foot and leg to the knee or higher.

‐ Media fina de estambre – Average fine yarn.

‐ Manguetas – Spindles.

‐ Manteca – Butter.

‐ Mantequilla – Butter.

‐ Manufacturas Europeas – European Manufacturing.

‐ Manufacturas de Hierro – Iron articles.

‐ Marcos de espejo – Mirror Frames.

‐ Marfil – Ivory.

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‐ Mármol – Marble.

‐ Matalahuga – Aniseed.

‐ Mate – Matt.

‐ Material de Carpintería – Carpentry Material.

‐ Material de escuela – School Supplies.

‐ Material de misiones – Assignment Material.

‐ Medias – Sox.

‐ Medicinas – Medicines.

‐ Menestras – Beans.

‐ Menjui – Benzoin.

‐ Mercaderias – Merchandises (Goods).

‐ Mercancías de Contrabando – Smuglled goods.

‐ Mesitas – Small tables.

‐ Metal simul – Simul Metal.

‐ Metal tumbaga – Tumbaga Metal.

‐ Mineral del plata – Silver Ore.

‐ Mirra – Myrrh.

‐ Monedas de plata españolas – Spanish Silver Coins.

‐ Moneda Española – Spanish currency.

‐ Moneda Oro – Gold Coin.

‐ Morlés – Linen, not very thin, made Morlas, a city in Brittany, France.

‐ Muebles – Furniture.

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‐ Mulas – Mules.

‐ Municiones – Ammunition.

‐ Naranjas – Oranges.

‐ Objetos Santuarios – Sanctuary objects.

‐ Oficiales del Ejercito – Army officers.

‐ Ollas – Pots.

‐ Oregano – Oregano.

‐ Ormesí – Tela fuerte de seda, muy tupida y prensada, que hace visos y aguas.

‐ Ornamentos religiosos – Religious Ornaments.

‐ Oro – Gold.

‐ Oro en Polvo – Gold dust.

‐ Pala ‐ Instrument consisting of a wooden or iron plate, usually rectangular or round, and a thick handle, cylindrical, more or less long, according to the uses to which it applies.

‐ Palas de hierro – Iron shovels.

‐ Palo de Brasil – Brazil wood.

‐ Palo de Campeche – Logwood.

‐ Palo de Guayacán – Guayacán wood.

‐ Palo de Tinta de Río hacha – Logwood from River Ax.

‐ Palo de tinte – Logwood.

‐ Palo Vicuña – Vicuña wood.

‐ Palomitas – Popcorn.

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‐ Palote – Palo medium, such as sticks with which they beat the drums.

‐ Pan bizcochado – Toasted bread.

‐ Pan – Bread.

‐ Paño – Fabric.

‐ Paño (Grazalema) – Cloth (Grazalema).

‐ Paño de lampazo – Mop cloth.

‐ Paño de lona – Canvas cloth.

‐ Pañuelo – Handkerchief.

‐ Pañuelo de seda – Silk scarf.

‐ Papel – Paper.

‐ Papel Blanco – White paper.

‐ Papel genovés – Genovese paper.

‐ Papel de Marca Mayor – Paper of Major Brand.

‐ Papel sellado – Stamped paper.

‐ Papeleras – Bins.

‐ Pares de zapatos – Pairs of shoes.

‐ Pasas – Raisins.

‐ Pasta de Chocolate – Chocolate Pasta.

‐ Pedrero – Bricklayer.

‐ Peines – Combs.

‐ Peladura de Granada – Pomegranate peel.

‐ Peldefebre – Ancient fabric, wool and hair of goat, so‐called camel hair.

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‐ Pelo (Ojalar) – Hair (hopefully).

‐ Pelo de castor – Beaver hair.

‐ Pelo de conejo – Rabbit fur.

‐ Peltre – Pewter.

‐ Pelucas – Wigs.

‐ Personas – People.


‐ Pertrechos militares – Military equipment.

‐ Picote – Rough cloth of goats' hair.

‐ Piedras bezoares – Bezoar stones.

‐ Piedras de fusil – Rifle stones.

‐ Piedra‐Yeso – Stone‐Cast.

‐ Piel de cordero – Sheepskin.

‐ Piel de lince – Lynx fur.

‐ Piel de lobo – Wold fur.

‐ Piel de res – Cow hide.

‐ Piel de zorro – Fox fur.

‐ Pieles – Skins.

‐ Pieles de venado – Deerskins.

‐ Pieles de cabra en bruto – Raw goat skins.

‐ Pieles de cabrito – Young goat skins.

‐ Pieles de carnero – Sheepskins.

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‐ Pieles de carta norteafricana – North African charter Skins.

‐ Pieles de jaguar – Jaguar skins.

‐ Pieles de novillo – Calf skins.

‐ Pieles de Santo Domingo – Santo Domingo Skins.

‐ Piezas rotas de cuero – Broken pieces of leather.

‐ Pilas y tintes – Batteries and dyes.

‐ Pimienta – Pepper.

‐ Pimienta de Guinea – Guinea pepper.

‐ Pimienta de Jamaica – Allspice.

‐ Pimienta de Tabasco – Tabasco pepper.

‐ Plantillas – Templates.

‐ Plata – Silver.

‐ Plata acuñada – Silver coins.

‐ Plata española – Spanish Silver.

‐ Platillas – Templates.

‐ Platinas de Hierro – Iron Plates.

‐ Platillos de peltre – Pewter Plates.

‐ Platilla – Kind of thin and coarse cloth.

‐ Platos – Dishes.

‐ Pliegos Blancos – White Sheets.

‐ Pliegos del Rey – King Sheets.

‐ Plomo – Lead.

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‐ Plumas de escribir – Pens.

‐ Plumeros – Dusters.

‐ Plumillas de escribir – Writing pens.

‐ Pólvora – Gun powder.

‐ Presillas – Clips.

‐ Pretina – Waistband.

‐ Primavera (Tela de oro y plata) – Spring (cloth of gold and silver).

‐ Productos Indianos – Indian Products.

‐ Puntas blancas y negras – Black and white tips.

‐ Queso – Cheese.

‐ Quesos de mala calidad – Trashy Cheese.

‐ Quincalla – Hardware.

‐ Rayuela – Hopscotch.

‐ Reales – Royals.

‐ Real Hacienda – Royal farm.

‐ Recones (cinturón) – Recon (belt).

‐ Registros de mercancías falsificados – Counterfeit goods records..

‐ Rejas de aras – Lattices interests.

‐ Reliquias – Relics.

‐ Retazo de Tela – Fabric scraps.

‐ Tela – Fabric.

‐ Rezagos – Lags.

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‐ Ron – Rum.

‐ Ropa Blanca – White clothes.

‐ Ropas – Clothes.

‐ Ropas de sillas de montar – Saddles clothing.

‐ Ropones de angaripola – Gowns with canvas, printed lists of various colors, which used the seventeenth‐century women to take rails.

‐ Ruibarbo (de Holanda e Italia) – Rhubarb (the Netherlands and Italy).

‐ Sal – Salt.

‐ Salitre – Saltpeter.

‐ Sardinas – Sardines.

‐ Sarga – Fabric which is woven diagonal lines.

‐ Sebo – Tallow.

‐ Seda – Silk.

‐ Seda Italiana – Italian silk.

‐ Semillas de anís – Anise seed.

‐ Sidra – Cider.

‐ Sillas de montar – Saddles.

‐ Soldados – Soldiers.

‐ Sombrero – Hat.

‐ Sombreros de Castor – Castor hats.

‐ Sombreros finos – Fine hats.

‐ Sombreros no finos – Not fine hats.

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‐ Sombreros ordinarios – Regular Hats.

‐ Suelas de zapatos – Shoe soles.

‐ Suministro – Supply.


‐ Tabaco Hispano – Hispanic Tobacco.

‐ Tabaco de Puerto Rico – Puerto Rican Tobacco (so‐called: “cabeza de Puerto”).

‐ Tabaco de Virginia – Tobacco from Virginia.

‐ Tabaco en Hojas – Tobacco in leaves.

‐ Tabaco lavado – Washed tobacco.

‐ Tabaquera – Snuffbox.

‐ Tabla aserrada – Timber Table.

‐ Tablas de olivos salvaje o madera de Lima – Tables or wild olive wood from Lima.

‐ Tablas – Tables.

‐ Tachuelas doradas – Golden studs.

‐ Tacones de Madera – Wooden heels.

‐ Tafetán – Taffeta.

‐ Tafetán doble – Double Taffeta.

‐ Tafetán Sencillo – Single Taffeta.

‐ Tazas – Mugs.

‐ Té – Tea.

‐ Tejidos – Fabrics.

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‐ Textiles – Textiles.

‐ Textiles alemanes – German textiles.

‐ Textiles holandeses – Dutch textiles.

‐ Textiles asiaticos – Asian textiles.

‐ Tintes – Dyes.

‐ Tipo Mercancia – Merchandise Type.

‐ Tosco – Coarse.

‐ Trenza de Oro y Plata – Gold and Silver Braid.

‐ Trigo – Wheat.

‐ Trigo británico – British wheat.

‐ Trigo en grano – Wheat grain.

‐ Trigo molido – Cracked wheat.

‐ Trozos de Caracas y Santo Domingo – Pieces of Caracas and Santo Domingo.

‐ Utensilios – Utensils.

‐ Utensilios de Guerra – War Utensils.

‐ Vacío – Empty.

‐ Vainilla – Vanilla.

‐ Vajilla Plata – Silver Tableware.

‐ Varas de paño (Grazal) – Yards of cloth (Grazal).

‐ Vaso de loza – Porcelain Vase.

‐ Vasos de cristal – Crystal Vases.

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‐ Velas – Candles.

‐ Velas de Sebo – Tallow Candles.

‐ Vestidos – Clothes.

‐ Vestuario Militar – Military Costumes.

‐ Vestuarios de soldados – Dressing soldiers.

‐ Vidrios – Glasses.

‐ Vidrios de ventana (de Alemania) – German window glass.

‐ Vidrios ordinarios – Ordinary glass.

‐ Vigas – Beams.

‐ Vinagre – Vinager.

‐ Vino – Wine.

‐ Vino carlón – Carlon Wine.

‐ Vino de Madeira – Wood wine.

‐ Vino tinto – Red wine.

‐ Víveres – Groceries.

‐ Víveres de boca – Grocery mouth.

‐ Zapatos – Shoes.

‐ Zarza – Shrub of the Rosaceae family, with twining stems, arching at the tips, binoculars, four to five meters long, with spines strong and hooked, leaves divided into five leaflets elliptic, toothed, hairless by the beam and hairy on the underside, or róseas white flowers in terminal clusters, and whose fruit, edible, is the blackberry.

‐ Zumo de Limón – Lemon juice.

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Glossary for the table of TipoNaviocondefinicion.

‐ Bajel – Vessel. (One of the generals names designating any boat ...).

‐ Balandra – Sloop. (Small boat with sail gaff Palon. Of British origin).

‐ Balandro – (Small sloop. 2. m. Sloop‐rigged fishing boat, used on the island of Cuba.).

‐ Bergantín – Brig. (Two‐masted vessel, which is the largest and ratchet are their bowsprit of square sails, with their corresponding you are, jibs & c., and spends a great mainsail gaff, though some take advantage of the winds long to take yet another meyor round.).

‐ Bombarda – Bombard. (Vessel with two masts, which are the highest and the mizzen, and two mortars placed from to the place he had to occupy the ratchet, to bomb the maritime towns and other points of land. Bobardera Also called, by one of the dictionaries that have been seen).

‐ Buque – Vessel.

‐ Cachemarín o quechemarín – Small boat, which had its origin in the chasse‐marée French and was used in the coasting trade by the various merchant fleets of the coast of Brittany and Biscay. It is characterized by a long hull, flush deck and a bow with breakwater, turns and dribbles. His rig consisted of two poles (Ratchet and older) who carried candles to the third, a small mizzen topsail stern and fair weather flyers. A type of ship was very accepted by the owners of the Cantabrian coast for its large and highly sought seaworthy for cabotage).

‐ Carabela – Caravel. (Long, narrow boat with three masts without mast‐head, single deck, a ram bow, stern flat and lateen sails. According to some of the dictionaries that have been seen, is a espercie of fishing boat off the coast of Normandy. African name given to the Turkish warship very upset and badly built. Caravel armed: the war that belonged to the state.Ships of Tunisia: they were three hundred tons of freight, carrying gear round, and rode forty pieces of artillery).

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‐ Carraca – Rattle (His name was formerly the site of so constructing and outfitting the vessels. This name could come from the rollers, a sort of hulks, which once were common, the manner of the Netherlands. Now retains the name of the arsenal of the Bay of Cadiz. The boat that was known Nayoro time of King Alfonso the Wise, according to the law in July. tit. 24. part. 2. However, the same law only grants or implies, at most, two sticks, and therefore by this as so Depues says, makes it unclear whether it was more the big galea. Of these rattles used by the Portuguese in Brazil's trade and the East Indies. According to some of the consulted dictionaries, nomber which flourished in the old to the warships. For contempt of a ship is said heavy and bad properties, or very old. Playing Ratchet: ringing the bell in the arsenals, to enter or leave operations that work in them).

‐ Chalupa – (According to some of the consulted dictionaries is a small boat, but usually cover two sticks as a schooner, but remaining in his line varies, depending on the nation to which it belongs. Same boat. And on the coast of Biscay is exclusively used in that sense, as atoage sloop, boat fisher & c. , Called plain to equivalent to the boats. Sardine. Chalupa Whaling: according to some of the consulted dictionaries is a kind of boat as the one called Trincado at Ferrol and Coruña.)

‐ Chamberquín – (Jabeque rig of a frigate. Also called Jabequin).

‐ Champagne – Ship built with low plant materials durability and strength.

‐ Charrúa – Charrúa. (Urca).

‐ Coca (Báltico) – (Knuckle in the first sense. Kind of first‐rate ship that the British and the French call Cocque Cocks, of the figure of the shell. Several authors make mention of this class of ships since 1066 as belonging to the nomandos, English and others. CAPM. Mar. From Barcelona Ant chap. 2. pag. 34. However, in time of King Alfonso the Wise debian be smaller than the rollers).

‐ Corbeta – Corvette (Smaller boat the frigate and everything else like it).

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‐ Dogre – (According to some of the consulted dictionaries is Netherlands largest sailing vessel in the North Sea and empla in herring fishing. It has two sticks and it seems to Queche. In common usage of our sailors is usually said drogue.).

‐ Fragata – Frigate. (Vessel cross and three‐masted ship less than the difference in which these and just have a bridge or battery run. (...) To just 200 tons).

‐ Fragatilla – Small Fragata.

‐ Gabarra – (“According to some of the dictionaries taken the view is a big hooker used to transport French Real to effects. Belongs to the navy, whose oifciales the rule, and so takes some artillery. A sort of large boat used to load and unload, and load shedding ballast and vessels within ports: some make the cabotage. Fernandez Navarrete says, "" medium boat they use in the coastal region of Andalusia. "" It is related to lightering, flat and barges).

‐ Galeaza – Galley. (According to some dictionaries consulted, was a large rowing boat, with three masts and lateen sails and had it mounted twenty guns. Capmani said that was the largest rowing and sailing boat introduced by the Venetian, and Veitia says that formerly was called Mahon (Galeace, Galiati, Galiaza).

‐ Galeón – Galleon. (Large vessel and high board, which handled only with candles: there was a war and other cargo. On the Veitia lib. 2.cap.4. n.12, and an exhibition of the city of Cadiz, printed in 1726, is said to have called galleon, the resemblance he had with the galley, that the twenty who in 1568 brought the advance Pedro Menendez de Aviles was agalerados; and prove that the oars and had little bearing. (Galion, Galleon, Galeone). According to some dictionaries taken in the light, in the same boat scapha ganteras the felucca with fins fore and aft, and there are up to eighteen guns. Barco thirty‐seven cubits long, which is used in the sardine fishing with purse and trahiña. Galleons: the name iven to large vessels that operatoed the goods for trading to Peru. According Veitia and others AA. Galleons were said the ships that

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made up the fleet of the Indies, led to Spain's treasure those countries, and had the quicksilver).

‐ Galeón Agalerado (Caribe) – (Galeon armed with oars, which was carrying 200 tonnes and measuring 35 cubits of keel beam and 8‐1/2 12‐1/2 strut to the second deck).

‐ Galeón Armado – Armed Galleon.

‐ Galeoncete – Ship of less than 300 tons.

‐ Galeón de Carga – Galleon Freight.

‐ Galeón Mercante – Merchant Galleon.

‐ Galeota (Galeote) – (Galera less, consisting of sixteen or twenty oars on each side, and only one man in each. (Galiote, Quarter galley, Galeotto). Cuarton piece in the middle and fore and aft direction atraiesa from one to another hatch coaming in large openings and corridor for rest or support enjartetados barracks and with that they both are closed, which are so subdivided or smaller for easier handling. The bay openings and other spiders that are on the armbands, they also call lengths.)

‐ Goleta – Schooner. (Rasa fine craft, and about a hundred feet of Elora at most, with two sticks and candles gaff. Some have masts for long topsail and bunions in regular teimpos, and other often spend a stick aft, where another cangrea or mesanilla bend).

‐ Galera – Galley.

‐ Jabeque – Coastal vessel with three masts with lateen sails, which also tends to row. (Mediterranean peculiar vessel, under sail and oar, and has three poles arranged in a particular way. In the Navy there was as yet little felucca of war who rode up to thirty‐two guns and spent Polacra or pollacra rig, for which cicunstancia were given the name of Jabeque round, as the common use of lateen sails).

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‐ Londro – (According to one of the dictionaries consulted is the same as ping. According to others, own boat).

‐ Nao – (Vaxel board very high capacity, and to contrast strong storms, and waves of the sea, to offend the enemy and defend them. Nao provider: according to some dictionaries consulted, which had all the supplies for the armies that passed the sea).

‐ Navío – Ship. (Name or that has remained peculiar to vessels large or get past a certain size, and more particularly to the war that have at least two bridges and two batteries runs on each side, ships called in this case two simple ode swaths, as well as three bridges on the council shall consist of as many or three batteries. Dite are also to any ship of the line of the first, or that those circumstances are considered proper to enter the line formaciñon combat and in general should have sixty heavy guns up. It also has solid ground or ship having four batteries, as the name Trinidad, Spanish, and who has run the battery of the fortress, handrails and castle. Navio reduced, enhanced, high‐board, head, tail of a line or column, & c. V. these nouns and adjectives ...).

‐ Navío de Guerra – Warship.

‐ Navío Mercante – Merchant Ship.

‐ Panteón de Guerra – War Cemetery.

‐ Paquebot – Packet boat. (Boat‐like begantín, with the difference of not being so fine, and sail round lead, such as frigates, and instead of gaff mizzen, population aging on the spindle. It is commonly used for email, although the days are now few or none among us (packet‐Snon or Packet boat, Pachebotte).

‐ Patache – (Two‐masted vessel, and formerly of war, which was intended in the squads to carry warnings, recognize the costs and keep the entrances to ports. On the day this name is given at a boat off the coast of Cantabria brig like a boy. Sarmiento and Viag. Mag Escrig Pataxós others and Taboada

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Patagonian Pataxós and Pataxós. Garcia de Palacios, who also appointed him Pataxó, says, "small vessel going into service of another" and in this agree (Patache, Tender, Patache). Chapman, in the first sense. For contempt of a ship is said heavy and bad properties).

‐ Pinaza – Pinnace. (This term is used to diderentes types of ships, but consulted the work refers to those vessels used in coastal commercial traffic between Bayonne and St. Jean de Luz with Pasajes, San Sebastian and Bilbao. Small vessel under sail and oar rasa stern and square, long, narrow and light, hoisted three sticks, loose gear, and whose size ranged from 30 to 50 Tons).

‐ Pingue – (Latin Boat widely used in the Mediterranean, and its rig‐like felucca, which only differs in being more impaired, but full forward and the most important. Use sailing and rowing and has the aft end of a stick of mizzen, besides the main two that are the yards. It is also called London, as one of the dictionary that has been seen (filibote, Pinque, Pince).

‐ Polacra – (Boat cross on its hull very similar to the felucca, with two sticks and without mastheads treble or spiders, and with the same volume as the launches, but with the advantage over those that are arming the candles above the lee of the lower and cling facility. Some are of the mast schooner, and are called schooners and other Polacra‐tailed spend it, and call‐Polacra launches. According to the dictionaries consulted there any clubs. It is also said and written is pollacra, but this voice is the Mediterranean. (Pollacre, Polacra).

‐ Queché – Ketch (Boat Netherlands, the same figure at the bow to stern, in which absolutely no start‐up and whose size varies from fifty to three hundred tons, also observed some differences in their gear, although the medium so have a stick genral with a gaff and various jibs forward. It is a short boat ride, particularly close‐hauled, and spends jars drift to decay not far to leeward, (Semaque, Dutch smack, Sapata).

‐ Saetía – (According to the dictionaries taken in the light, America is a vessel with three masts and a single deck, less than the felucca, and greater than

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the galley. Mr. Ulloa said, however, that in terms of their clubs is usually to have variety, and one among the dictionaries cited statements or previously named in Catalonia to Polacra (Trabaque, Sette, Saetti).

‐ Saíca Imperial – Imperial Saica. (According to some dictionaries by one of the Consulate, a Turkish vessel with two masts, no bunions, very upset and punishable by a ketch. However, Mr. Ulloa said that sailing is rasam Latino, lina the galley, galleys, felucca, Saetia and tartan, and that there is variation in the number of sticks.

‐ Sloop – 3‐masted ship. In Holland: Sloep.

‐ Sumaca – Sumac. (Small Boat caotaje used in Brazil and the Rio de la Plata, the construction ma very Planudes and two sticks of praise which is rigged fore and aft Polacra of no topsail schooner. 2, ‐ Planudes small boat with two masts, rigged fore the Polacra and aft schooner, with only gaff used in Spanish America and Brazil for cabotage).

‐ Tartana – Trap (Small craft lateen sail and a single pole is perpendicular to the keel at its center, widely used in the registration of Seville for coasting voyages, and there and throughout the west coast Taratana call. The Dictionary of the language, Father Terreros and fisheries (which conforms with them) vary somewhat in particular at the place of use of this vessel, supposing the Mediterranean, adding that serves the traffic and fishing. Terreros also gives mizzen, but this is nothing more than a stick boy, like a flagpole that some long one mesanilla (Tartane Tarsun, pies).

‐ Tipo navio con definicion – Type of ship with definition.

‐ Urca – Frigate kind of load, or built to the purpose for it, is full of many, though not as much length as the warship. When this kind, or state‐owned, usually takes some artillery. Formerly it was said Charrua as Clar., And the French call it lighter (Flut, Hourque, Gabar, Stership).

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‐ Urca Holandesa – Dutch Urca. (North Boat, and more especially from Holland, very full or round in almost equal galibosy contained in bow at the stern, which only has a cover, and hold everything else is to load.)

‐ Volante (Pingue) – Similar to Pingue.

‐ Zabra o Azabra – (Brigantine vessel similar to that normally arch 70‐80 tonnes, to 150. Is streamlined and very sailboat rigging. They used to have a single deck without tolda nor battle. Its hull was long and plain, and his sleeve was much reduced cover in the water line. His rig consisted of four poles (bowsprit, foremast and mizzen).

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Glossary for the table of TipoReligion.

‐ Calvinista – Calvnist.

‐ Católica – Catholic.

‐ Católico Hugonote – Huguenot Catholic.

‐ Convertido al catolicismo – Converted to Catholicism.

‐ Evangelista – Evangelist.

‐ Hugonote – Huguenot.

‐ Judio – Jewish.

‐ Judio Converso – Converted Jew.

‐ Masón – Mason.

‐ Protestante – Protestante.

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Glossary for the table of TITULOS NOBILIARIO SIN MAS.

‐ Almirante – Admiral.

‐ Aristocrata – Aristocrat.


‐ Caballero – Gentleman.


‐ Duque – Duke.

‐ Hidalgo – Nobleman.



‐ Orden de – Order.

‐ Señor de – Lord.

‐ Tipo de Titulo Nobiliário – Type of Noble Title.



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