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�Build up 1 Basque © B Burlington Books

GLOSSARY

pencil case /'UCmgo YMg/ arkatz-kaxapink /UBnY/ arrosapurple /'UKUo/ morered /pCX/ gorrirubber /'pJVL/ borragomaruler /'pIoL/ erregelaSaturday /'gDWLXM/ larunbatschoolbag /'gYIoVDZ/ motxilasecond /'gCYLmX/ bigarrenSeptember /gCU'WClVL/ irailseven /'gCdm/ zazpiseventeen /gCdm'WAm/ hamazazpiseventh /'gCdme/ zazpigarrenseventy /'gCdmWi/ hirurogeita hamarsix /gBYg/ seisixteen /gBYg'WAm/ hamaseisixth /gBYge/ seigarrensixty /'gBYgWi/ hirurogeiSunday /'gJmXM/ igandeten /WCm/ hamartenth /WCme/ hamargarrenthird /eKX/ hirugarrenthirteen /eK'WAm/ hamahiruthirty /'eKWi/ hogeita hamarthree /epA/ hiruThursday /'eKhXM/ ostegunTuesday /'WqIhXM/ asteartetwelve /WrCod/ hamabitwenty /'WrCmWi/ hogeitwo /WI/ biWednesday /'rCmhXM/ asteazkenwhite /rOW/ zuriyellow /'qCoN/ hori

Unit �Algeria /Do'bBLpiL/ Aljeria Belgium /'VCoXjLl/ Belgika brother /'VpJfL/ anaiaCambodia /Yæl'VNXiL/ Kanbodia capital city /'YæUBWo gBWi/ (herrialde bateko) hiriburu children /'WiBoXpLm/ umeak; seme-alabakChina /'WiOmL/ TxinaChinese /WiO'mAh/ txinatardaughter /'XGWL/ alaba Ecuador /'CYrLXG/ Ekuador

intROdUctiOn

April /'CBUpLo/ apirilAugust /'GZLgW/ abuztubirthday /'VKeXM/ urtebetetzeblack /VoDY/ beltzblue /VoI/ urdinbook /VHY/ liburubrown /VpPm/ marroiDecember /XB'gClVL/ abendueight /CBW/ zortzieighteen /CB'WAm/ hamazortzieighth /CBWe/ zortzigarreneighty /'CBWi/ laurogeieleven /B'oCdm/ hamaikaFebruary /'cCVpILpi/ otsailfifteen /cBc'WAm/ hamabostfifth /cBce/ bosgarrenfifty /'cBcWi/ berrogeita hamarfirst /'cKgW/ lehenfive /cOd/ bostforty /'cGWi/ berrogeifour /cG/ laufourteen /cG'WAm/ hamalaufourth /cGe/ laugarrenFriday /'cpOXM/ ostiralgreen /ZpAm/ berdegrey /ZpCB/ grisJanuary /'bDmqHLpi/ urtarrilJuly /bI'oO/ uztailJune /XjIm/ ekainMarch /lEa/ martxoMay /lM/ maiatzMonday /'lJmXM/ astelehennine /mOm/ bederatzinineteen /mOm'WAm/ hemeretzininety /'mOmWi/ laurogeita hamarninth /mOme/ bederatzigarrennotebook /'mNWVHY/ koadernoNovember /mLH'dClVL/ azaroOctober /FY'WNVL/ urrione /rJm/ batone hundred /rJm 'kJmXpLX/ ehunorange /'FpBmb/ laranjapen /UCm/ boligrafopencil /'UCmgo/ arkatz

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glossary

Build up 1 Basque © B Burlington Books

Ecuadorian /CYrL'XGpiLm/ ekuadortarEngland /'BnZoLmX/ IngalaterraEnglish /'BnZoBi/ ingelesEthiopia /Aei'NUiL/ Etiopia father /'cEfL/ aitaflag /coæZ/ bandera France /cpEmg/ FrantziaFrench /cpCma/ frantses Germany /'bKlLmi/ Alemania grandfather /'ZpDmcEfL/ aitonagrandmother /'ZpDmlJfL/ amonagrandparents /'ZpDmUSpLmWg/ aiton-amonakGreece /ZpAg/ Grezia Holland /'kFoLmX/ Holanda Hungary /'kJmZpi/ Hungaria Ireland /'OLoLmX/ Irlanda Italy /'BWLoi/ Italia Moroccan /lL'pFYLm/ marokoarMorocco /lL'pFYLH/ MarokoMoscow /'lFgYN/ Mosku mother /'lJfL/ amaNorway /'mGrCB/ Norvegia parents /'UCLpLmWg/ gurasoakPoland /'UNoLmX/ Polonia Romania /pH'lMmiL/ ErrumaniaRomanian /pH'lMmiLm/ errumaniarroyal family /'pQLo cDlLoi/ errege-familia Russia /'pJiL/ ErrusiaRussian /'pJim/ errusiarScotland /'gYFWoLmX/ Eskozia sister /'gBgWL/ ahizpa, arreba son /gJm/ semeSpain /gUCBm/ EspainiaSpanish /'gUDmBi/ espainiarSweden /'grAXm/ Suedia Switzerland /'grBWgoLmX/ Suitza Wales /rMoh/ Gales whiteboard /'rOWVGX/ arbel

Unit �ancient /'MmiLmW/ zahar, aspaldiko astrolabe /'DgWpLoMV/ astrolabio buy things /'VO eBnh/ gauzak erosicandle /'YæmXo/ kandelacentury /'gCmaLpi/ mendechat with friends /'aDW rBf cpCmXh/ lagunekin txateatu

clean my room /'YoAm lO pIl/ nire gela txukundu

clock /YoFY/ erlojudo homework /XI 'kNlrKY/ etxerako lanak eginearly /'Koi/ goizeasy /'Ahi/ errazeverybody /'CdpiVFXi/ mundu guztiafun /cJm/ dibertigarriget dressed /ZCW 'XpCgX/ jantziget up /ZCW 'JU/ (ohetik) altxatu, jaikigo home /ZN 'kNl/ etxera joango shopping /ZN 'iFUBn/ erosketak egitera joango swimming /ZN 'grBlBn/ igeri egitera joango to bed /ZN WL 'VCX/ oheratugo to school / ZN WL 'gYIo/ eskolara joangreat /ZpCBW/ mundialguess /ZCg/ asmatuhave a shower /kDd L 'iPL/ dutxatuhave breakfast /kDd 'VpCYcLgW/ gosalduhave dinner /kDd 'XBmL/ afalduhave lunch /kDd 'oJmWi/ bazkalduholiday /'kFoLXM/ oporrakhourglass /'PLZoEg/ harea-erlojuJapan /bL'UDm/ JaponiaJapanese /XjDULm'Ah/ japoniarjoin /bQm/ batu, elkartu late /oCBW/ berandulisten to music /oBgm WL 'lqIhBY/ musika entzunmeasure /'lCjL/ neurtu, kalkulatumeet friends /lAW 'cpCmXh/ lagunekin gelditumobile phone /lNVOo 'cNm/ telefono mugikorplay football /UoM 'cHWVGo/ futbolean ibiliplay games /UoM 'ZMlh/ jokoetan ibiliplay the guitar /UoM fL ZB'WE/ gitarra joread a book /pAX L 'VHY/ liburu bat irakurriride a bike /pOX L 'VOY/ bizikletan ibilischoolwork /'gYIorKY/ eskolako lanaksend text messages /gCmX 'WCsW lCgBbBh/ testu-mezuak bidali

shadow /'iDXLH/ itzalshoe /iI/ zapata, oinetakostar /gWE/ izarstudy /'gWJXi/ ikasisundial /'gJmXOLo/ eguzki-erlojuteenager /'WAmMbL/ nerabewatch /rFa/ (eskumuturreko) erloju watch TV /rFa WA'dA/ telebista ikusiwork /rKY/ funtzionatu, ibili

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glossary


Unit 4all over the world /Go NdL fL 'rKoX/ mundu osoan zehar

bathroom /'VEepIl/ bainugelabed /VCX/ ohebedroom /'VCXpIl/ logelablock /VoFY/ blokecarpet /'YEUBW/ alfonbrachair /aS/ aulkicharacter /'YæpLYWL/ pertsonaiacompany /'YJlULmi/ konpainia, enpresacook dinner /YHY 'XBmL/ afaria prestatucupboard /'YJVLX/ armairudesk /XCgY/ idazmahaidining room /'XOmBn pIl/ jangelado the laundry /XI fL 'oGmXpi/ lixiba eginelectricity /BoCY'WpBgLWi/ elektrizitatefeed the dog /cAX fL 'XFZ/ txakurrari jaten emangarage /'ZDpEj/ garajegarden /'ZEXm/ lorategikitchen /'YBWiBm/ sukaldelamp /oDlU/ lanparaliving room /'oBdBn pIl/ egongelalook for /'oHY cG/ bila ibilimake the bed /lMY fL 'VCX/ ohea eginPope /UNU/ aita santuportable /'UGWLVo/ eramangarriPresident /'UpChBXLmW/ presidente, lehendakariPrime Minister /UpOl 'lBmBgWL/ lehen ministroreading corner /'pAXBn YGmL/ irakurketa-txokoreally /'pBLoi/ benetan, egiazkisheep /iAU/ ardi(ak)shelves /iCodh/ apalaksofa /'gLHcL/ sofastart /gWEW/ hasierastrange /gWpMmb/ arrarostreet /gWpAW/ kalestreetlamp /'gWpAWoDlU/ kale-argi, farolsuddenly /'gJXLmoi/ bat-bateansweep the floor /grAU fL 'coG/ lurra eskobatutable /'WMVo/ mahaitake out the rubbish /WMY PW fL 'pJVBi/ zaborra atera

tiny /'WOmi/ ñimiño, txiki-txikitogether /WL'ZCfL/ elkarrekintunnel /'WJmo/ tunelunder the ground /JmXL fL 'ZpPmX/ lur azpianunusual /Jm'qIjHLo/ ezohiko

Unit �amphibian /Dl'cBViLm/ urlehortararm /El/ besoat the top /DW fL 'WFU/ gailurrean, tontorreanbird /VKX/ txori, hegaztibutterfly /'VJWLcoO/ tximeletacanary /YL'mSpi/ kanariocarnivore /'YEmBdG/ haragijaleconsumer /YLm'gqIlL/ kontsumitzaileeagle /'AZo/ arranoear /R/ belarri; entzumenelephant /'CoBcLmW/ elefanteeye /O/ begifoot /cHW/ oin, hankafrog /cpFZ/ igelgiraffe /bL'pEc/ jirafagorilla /ZL'pBoL/ gorilahair /kCL/ ilehamster /'kDlgWL/ hamsterhand /kæmX/ eskuhead /kCX/ buruherbivore /'kKVBdG/ belarjalehorse /kGg/ zaldiinsect /'BmgCYW/ intsektuleg /oCZ/ zango, hanka, (igel-)hankalion /'oOLm/ lehoilook like /'oHY oOY/ antza izanmeat /lAW/ haragimountain /'lPmWLm/ mendimouth /lPe/ ahonose /mNh/ sudurown /Nm/ neure (eta kidekoak)panda /'UDmXL/ hartz pandapet /UCW/ maskota, etxabereproducer /UpL'XqIgL/ ekoizlereptile /'pCUWOo/ narrastishark /iEY/ marrazosize /gOh/ tamaina, neurrisnake /gmMY/ sugeteeth /WAe/ hortzaktiger /'WOZL/ tigreweight /rMW/ pisuwhale /rMo/ baleazebra /'hCVpL/ zebra

4

glossary


wash the dishes /rFi fL 'XBiBh/ harrikoa eginwater /'rGWL/ urwater the plants /rGWL fL 'UoEmWg/ loreak ureztatu

Unit 5angry /'DnZpi/ haserrebad /VDX/ gaizto, txarbean /VAm/ babarrun, indabaBelgian /'VCoXjLm/ belgikarbored /VGX/ aspergarribread /VpCX/ ogiBulgarian /VJo'ZSpiLm/ bulgariarcake /YMY/ tarta, pastelcheese /aAh/ gaztachicken /'aBYBm/ oilaskochips /aBUg/ patata frijituakchocolate /'aFYoLW/ txokolatecola /'YNoL/ kolazko freskagarricup /YJU/ katiludiet /'XOLW/ dietaegg /CZ/ arrautzaexcited /BY'gOWBX/ gartsufat /cæW/ koipefish /cBi/ arrainfrightened /'cpOWmX/ beldurturikfruit /cpIW/ frutagrain /ZpMm/ zerealgram /ZpDl/ gramohappy /'kæUi/ pozikhave a look /kDd L 'oHY/ begiratu bat emanhealthy /'kCoei/ osasuntsuhungry /'kJnZpi/ goseti, goseice cream /Og 'YpAl/ izozkimayonnaise /lML'mMh/ maionesameat /lAW/ haragimeatball /'lAWVGo/ haragi-bola, albondigamilk /lBoY/ esnenut /mJW/ intxaurolive /'FoBd/ olibaonion /'JmqLm/ tipulaorange juice /'FpBmb bIg/ laranja-zukupotato /UL'WMWN/ patatapyramid /'UBpLlBX/ piramiderecipe /'pCgLUi/ errezetarice /pOg/ arrozsad /gDX/ goibel, tristesalad /'gDoLX/ entsalada

sandwich /'gDmrBa/ ogitartekospaghetti /gUL'ZCWi/ espagetisugar /'iHZL/ azukresurprised /gL'UpOhX/ harriturikthirsty /'eKgWi/ egarti, egarritired /'WOLX/ nekaturiktomato /WL'lEWN/ tomate

Unit 6Ash Wednesday /Di 'rCmhXM/ Hausterrebasketball /'VEgYBWVGo/ saskibaloibounce /VPmg/ bote eginboxing /'VFsBn/ boxeocarry /'YDpi/ eramancatch /YDa/ hartuchampion /'aDlUiLm/ txapeldunchariot racing /'WiDpiLW pMgBn/ gurdi-lasterketa, koadrigak

cook /YHY/ sukaldaridance /XEmg/ dantzatu

discus throwing /'XBgYLg epNBn/ disko-jaurtiketa

drive /XpOd/ gidatugoal /ZNo/ (futboleko) ateGood luck! /ZHX 'oJY/ Zorte on! gymnastics /bBl'mægWBYg/ gimnasiahit /kBW/ kolpatu, jo

horse riding /'kGg pOXBn/ hipika, zaldi-karrerak

ice skating /'Og gYMWBn/ izotz-patinajeIt’s great fun /BWg ZpCBW 'cJm/ oso dibertigarria dajavelin /'bDdoBm/ xabalinaJoin the fun! /bQm fL 'cJm/ Zatoz festara! judo /'bIXN/ judojump /bJlU/ saltatu; jauzijumping /'bJlUBn/ salto, jauzikick /YBY/ ostikada emanLent /oCmW/ garizumalose /oIh/ galduprize /UpOh/ sari race /pMg/ lasterketarollerblading /'pNoLVoMXBn/ patinaje (gurpilak lerroan dituzten patinekin)

rule /pIo/ araurun /pJm/ korrika eginShrove Tuesday /ipNd 'WqIhXM/ astearte-inauteriskateboard /'gYMWVGX/ patineta skateboarding /'gYMWVGXBn/ patinetan ibiliskiing /'gYABn/ eski surfboard /'gKcVGX/ surfeko ohol

5

glossary


Parliament /'UEoLlLmW/ parlamenturestaurant /'pCgWpFmW/ jatetxeroad /pNX/ errepideRoman /'pNlLm/ erromatarshoe shop /'iI iFU/ zapata-dendashopping centre /'iFUBn gCmWL/ merkatalgunesports centre /'gUGWg gCmWL/ polikiroldegisupermarket /'gIULlEYBW/ supermerkatuunder /'JmXL/ -en azpianwestern /'rCgWLm/ mendebaldekowild west /rOoX 'rCgW/ mendebalde basati

Unit 8adventure /LX'dCmWiL/ abenturaarmy /'Eli/ ejertzitobeautiful /'VqIWBco/ polit, edercape /YMU/ kapaclay /YoCB/ buztindark /XEY/ ilundie /XO/ hildiscover /XB'gYJdL/ aurkitudisguise /XBg'ZOh/ mozorrodress /XpCg/ jantziearplugs /'RUoJZh/ belarrietarako tapoiakexhibit /BZ'hBVBW/ erakusgaiexhibition /CYgB'VBim/ erakustaldifat /cæW/ gizenfilm /cBol/ pelikula, filmfunny /'cJmi/ arraro; dibertigarriGreek /ZpAY/ greziarhat /kDW/ txapeljacket /'bDYBW/ txaketa, jakajeans /bAmh/ galtza bakeroakjob /bFV/ lan, lanpostulight /oOW/ argi long /oFn/ luzenanny /'mDmi/ umezainnew /mqI/ berriold /NoX/ zaharpirate /'UOpLW/ pirataplaster /'UoEgWL/ igeltsuready /'pCXi/ prestsandals /'gDmXoh/ sandaliak scarf /gYEc/ lepoko, bufandashirt /iKW/ alkandorashoes /iIh/ zapatak, oinetakoakshort /iGW/ motz

surfing /'gKcBn/ surf swim /grBl/ igeri eginteam /WAl/ taldetennis /'WCmBg/ tenisthe Olympics /fA L'oBlUBYg/ Olinpiadakthird /eKX/ hirugarren throw /epN/ bota, jaurtitown /WPm/ hiritradition /WpL'XBim/ tradizio, ohituravolleyball /'dFoiVGo/ boleibolweightlifting /'rMWoBcWBn/ pisu-altxaketawelcome /'rCoYLl/ ongi etorriakwin /rBm/ irabazi, garaituwinner /'rBmL/ irabazlewrestling /'pCgoBn/ borroka

Unit 7above /L'VJd/ -en gaineanAnglo-Saxon /DnZoN'gDYgm/ anglosaxoibakery /'VMYLpi/ okindegibehind /VB'kOmX/ -en atzeanbell /VCo/ kanpai, ezkilabetween /VB'WrAm/ (bi gauzen) arteanbookshop /'VHYiFU/ liburu-dendabuilding /'VBoXBn/ eraikinbutcher’s /'VHaLh/ harategicafé /'YæcM/ kafetegichurch /WiKa/ elizacinema /'gBmLlL/ zinemacow /YP/ behieither /'OfL/ ezta erefire /'cOL/ sutegeneral store /'bCmpLo gWG/ (jaki-)denda, biltegighost /ZNgW/ mamugold /ZLHoX/ urrehospital /'kFgUBWo/ erietxein /Bm/ -en barruanin front of /Bm 'cpJmW Ld/ -en aurreanlesson /'oCgLm/ klase, leziolibrary /'oOVpLpi/ liburutegimuseum /lqI'hALl/ museomusic shop /'lqIhBY iFU/ musika-dendaneed /mAX/ beharnext to /'mCYgW WI/ -en ondoannoise /mQh/ zarataon /Fm/ -en gaineanopposite /'FULhBW/ -en pareanpalace /'UDoLg/ jauregi

6

glossary


shorts /iGWg/ galtza motzakskirt /gYKW/ gonasocks /gFYg/ galtzetinakstill /gWBo/ oraindiksweater /'grCWL/ jertseswim hat /'grBl kDW/ bainurako txapelswimsuit /'grBlgIW/ bainujantziteen /WAm/ gazteen, gazte-thin /eBm/ argaltrainers /'WpMmLh/ kiroletarako oinetakoak Trojan horse /WpNbLm 'kGg/ Troiako zalditrousers /'WpPhLh/ galtzaktruth /WpIe/ egiaT-shirt /'WAiKW/ kamisetaugly /'JZoi/ itsusiwaistcoat /'rMgYNW/ txaleko

Unit 9aeroplane /'CLpLUoCBm/ hegazkinbeach /VAWi/ hondartzabicycle /'VOgBYo/ bizikletaboat /VNW/ itsasontzibus /VJg/ autobuscanyon /'YæmqLm/ kanoicar /YE / automobil, autoconquer /'YFnYL/ konkistatucontest /'YFmWCgW/ lehiaketadesert /'XChLW/ basamortudrive /XpOd/ gidatufly /coO/ hegan egin, pilotatuforest /'cFpBgW/ basohelicopter /'kCoBYFUWL/ helikopteroisland /'OoLmX/ uhartejeep /bAU/ lur orotako ibilgailujungle /'bJnZo/ oihanlake /oMY/ lakulorry /'oFpi/ kamioimotorbike /'lNWLVOY/ motozikletamountain /'lPmWLm/ mendiocean /'Nim/ ozeanoreef /pAc/ arreziferide /pOX/ (zaldian, bizikletan, motozikletan) ibili

river /'pBdL/ ibaisail /gMo/ nabigatuscooter /'gYIWL/ eskutership /iBU/ itsasontzisteam /gWAl/ lurrun, bapore

Swiss /grBg/ suitzar Switzerland /'grBWgoLmX/ Suitza take /WMY/ (garraiobideren bat) hartutaxi /'WæYgi/ taxitrain /WpMm/ trentram /WpDl/ tranbiaunderground /'JmXLZpPmX/ metrovan /dDm/ furgonetawonder /'rJmXL/ mirari

7Build up 1 Basque © B Burlington Books

SPEAKinG GUidE

intROdUctiOn Unit

Greetings and introductions

Hello, I’m (Daniel). /kLoLH Ol ('XDmqLo)/ Kaixo, (Daniel) naiz.

I’m (Lucy) and this is my friend (David). /Ol ('oIgi) DmX fBg Bh lO cpCmX ('XMdBX)/ (Lucy) naiz eta hau (David) da, nire laguna.

Nice to meet you. /mOg WL 'lAW qI/ Pozten naiz zu ezagutzeaz.

Classroom language

When is (the English lesson)? /rCm Bh (fA 'BnZoBi oCgLm)/ (Ingeleseko klasea) noiz da?

Who knows the answer to question (1)? /kI mNh fA 'EmgL WL YrCgWiLm (rJm)/ Nork daki (1) galderaren erantzuna?

Where is (your pencil)? /rCL Bh (qG 'UCmgo)/ Non da (zure arkatz-kaxa)?

What is the homework? /rFW Bh fL 'kNlrKY/ Etxerako zer lan dugu?

Do you understand the question? /XI qI JmXLgWDmX fL 'YrCgWiLm/ Ulertzen al duzu galdera?

Can you spell this word? /YLm qI 'gUCo fBg rKX/ Hitz hau letreiatzen badakizu?

Please be quiet. /UoAh VA 'YrOLW/ Isildu, mesedez.

Please read the (text). /UoAh pAX fL ('WCsW)/ Irakurri (testua), mesedez.

Open your books to page (15). /NULm qG 'VHYg WL UMb (cBcWAm)/ Ireki liburuak (15.) orrialdean.

Please sit down. /UoAh gBW 'XPm/ Eseri, mesedez.

What’s your name? /rFWg qG 'mMl/ Zer izen duzu?

How do you say this in English? / kP XI qI gM fBg Bm 'BnZoBi/ Nola esaten da hau ingelesez?

Answer the questions. /EmgL fL 'YrCgWiLmh/ Erantzun galderak.

Copy and complete the chart. /YFUi DmX YLlUoAW fL 'aEW/ Kopiatu eta bete taula.

Can you help me, please? /YLm qI 'kCoU lA UoAh/ Lagunduko al didazu, mesedez?

Match the words to the pictures. /lDWi fL 'rKXh WL fL UBYWiLh/ Lotu hitzak argazkiekin / marrazkiekin.

Choose the correct answer. /aIh fL YLpCYW 'EmgL/ Aukeratu galdera zuzena.

Write the words in the correct order. /pOW fL 'rKXh Bm fL YLpCYW GXL/ Idatzi hitzak hurrenkera egokian.

Unit �

Introductions

Where are you from? /rCL L qG 'cpFl/ Nongoa zara?

I’m from (England). /Ol cpLl ('BnZoLmX)/ (Ingalaterrakoa) naiz.

What’s your (name / nationality)? /rFWg qG ('mMl / mæiL'mDoLWi)/ Zer izen duzu? / Zein da zure (herritartasuna)?

My name is (David). /lO mMl Bh ('XMdBX)/ (David) dut izena.

Exchanging personal information

I’m (English / thirteen years old). /Ol ('BnZoBi / eK'WAm qRh NoX)/ (Ingelesa) naiz. / (Hamahiru urte) ditut.

I’ve got (a brother). /Od ZFW (L 'VpJfL)/ (Anaia bat) dut.


Unit �

Talking about routines

I often get up at (seven o’clock). /O 'Fcm ZCW JU LW (gCdm LYoFY)/ Askotan (zazpietan puntuan) jaikitzen naiz.

You always ... /qI 'GorCBh/ Zu beti…

She sometimes ... /iA 'gJlWOlh/ Hura batzuetan…

They never ... /fM 'mCdL/ Haiek inoiz ez…

We go to school at (eight o’clock). /rA ZN WL 'gYIo LW (CBW LYoFY)/ (Zortzietan puntuan) joaten gara eskolara.

They have breakfast at (half past seven). /fM kDd 'VpCYcLgW LW (kEc UEgW gCdm)/ (Zazpi eta erdietan) gosaltzen dute.

Talking about activities

(Darren) plays (computer games). /('XDpm) UoMh (YLlUqIWL ZMlh)/ (Darren) (ordenagailuarekin) ibiltzen da jolasean.

I play (computer games), too. /'O UoM (YLlUqIWL ZMlh WI)/ Ni ere (ordenagailuarekin) ibiltzen naiz jolasean.

Unit �

Exchanging information

What colour is it? /rFW 'YJoL Bh BW/ Zer koloretakoa da?

What does it do? /rFW XJh BW 'XI/ Zer egiten du?

When does it (sleep)? /rCm XJh BW ('goAU)/ Noiz egiten du (lo)?

Describing animals

It’s got (big ears). /BWg ZFW ('VBZ Rh)/ (Belarri handiak) ditu.

It’s a (snake). /BWg L ('gmMY)/ (Sugea) da.

Unit 4

Talking about current actions

What are you doing? /rFW L qG 'XIBn/ Zertan ari zara?

Where is (your sister)? /rCL Bh (qG 'gBgWL)/ Non da (zure ahizpa)?

Do you usually (eat in the kitchen)? /XL qI qIhILoi (AW Bm fL 'YBWiBm)/ Gehienetan (sukaldean jaten duzu)?

Describing a picture

He’s in (the garden). /kAh Bm (fL 'ZEXm)/ (Lorategian) dago.

They’re (watching TV). /fS (rFaBn WA'dA)/ (Telebistari begira) daude.

Unit 5

Expressing likes and dislikes

I love / like (chocolate). /O 'oJd/'oOY (aFYoLW)/ (Txokolatea) ikaragarri gustatzen zait / gustuko dut.

I don’t mind (fish). /O XNmW 'lOmX (cBi)/ (Arrainari) ez diot muzin egiten.

I hate / dislike (onions). /O 'kMW/XBg'oOY (JmqLmh)/ (Tipulak) gorroto /d(it)ut/ ez zai(zki)t gustatzen.

Ordering food

Do you want to order? /XL qI rFmW WL 'GXL/ Eskatu nahi duzu?

Yes, I want (fish) and (chips), please. /qCg O rFmW ('cBi) DmX ('aBUg) UoAh/ Bai, (arraina) eta (patata frijituak) nahi ditut.

OK, that’s (€20). /NYM fDWg (WrCmWi 'qHLpLHh)/ Ederto, (20 €) da.

speaking guide


Unit 6

Talking about abilities

Can you (swim) well? /YLm qI ('grBl) rCo/ Badakizu ongi (igeri egiten)?

I can’t (play volleyball) well. /O YEmW (UoM 'dFoiVGo) rCo/ Ez dakit (boleibolean) ongi (jokatzen).

I can (play basketball) well. /O YLm (UoM 'VEgYBWVGo) rCo/ (Saskibaloian) ongi (jokatzen) dut.

Making rules

You must (kick the ball). /qI 'lJgW (YBY fL VGo)/ (Pilota ostikoz jo) behar duzu.

You mustn’t (catch the ball with your hands). /qI 'lJgmW (YDa fL VGo rBf qG kDmXh)/ Ezin duzu (baloia eskuekin hartu).

Unit 7

Talking about past events

Where were you on (Sunday)? /rCL rK qI Fm ('gJmXM)/ Non izan zinen (igandean)?

Were you at the (cinema)? /rK qI LW fL ('gBmLlL)/ (Zineman) egon zinen?

I was at the (sports centre). /O rFh LW fL ('gUGWg gCmWL)/ (Polikiroldegian) egon nintzen.

Comparing past and present

There are (shops on Town Street). /fS L ('iFUg Fm WPm gWpAW)/ (Dendak) daude (Town Streeten).

There wasn’t (a bakery near the cinema five years ago). /fS rFhmW (L 'VMYLpi mR fL gBmLlL cOd qRg LZN)/ Ez zegoen (okindegirik zinema inguruan orain dela bost urte).

Unit 8

Going shopping

Can you help me, please? /YLm qI 'kCoU lA UoAh/ Lagunduko al didazu, mesedez?

What size are you? /rFW 'gOh L qI/ Zer neurri behar duzu?

What colour do you want? /rFW 'YJoL XL qI rFmW/ Zer kolore nahi duzu?

Do you like this one? /XL qI oOY 'fBg rJm/ Gustatzen al zaizu hau?

Talking about the past

I went to (a party at the weekend). /O rCmW WI (L 'UEWi LW fL rAYCmX)/ (Festa batera) joan nintzen (asteburuan).

I wore (my blue jeans). /O 'rG (lO VoI bAmh)/ (Nire galtza bakeroak) eraman nituen.

Unit 9

Buying a ticket

How much is a (museum) ticket? /kP 'lJa Bh L (lqIhALl WBYBW)/ Zenbat da (museorako) sarrera?

It’s (£10) for adults and (£5) for children. /BWg (WCm UPmXh) cL 'DXJoWg DmX (cOd UPmXh) cL 'WiBoXpLm/ (10 €) helduko eta (5 €) umeko.

When is the (museum) open? /rCm Bh fL (lqIhALl) 'NULm/ Noiz dago irekita (museoa)?

It’s open from (9.00) to (4.00). /BWg 'NULm cpLl (mOm) WL (cG)/ (9etatik) (4etara) dago irekita.

Making plans

Let’s go to (the museum). /oCWg 'ZN WL (fL lqIhALl)/ Goazen (museora).

Why don’t we (take the tram)? /rO XNmW rA (WMY fL 'WpDl)/ Zergatik ez dugu (tranbia hartzen)?

We’re going to (sail to the island). /rR ZNBn WL (gMo WL fL 'OoLmX)/ (Uharteraino nabigatuko) dugu.

That’s a good / bad idea. /fDWg L 'ZHX / 'VDX OXR/ Ideia ona / txarra da hori.

speaking guide

10 Build up 1 Basque © B Burlington Books

Grammar appendix

to be

introduction

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be.

1. Theteacher intheclassroom.

2. Mynotebook (not)inmyschoolbag.

3. youatschool?

4. I astudent.

5. CarolandMark myfriends.

6. David12yearsold?

7. They (not)mypens.

8. Iinthisclass?

Check Yourself!

Answers, see page 30

1Circle the correct answers.

1. MissBrownam/is/areateacher.

2. Theboysam/is/are14yearsold.

3. Iam/is/areintheclassroom.

4. Mypencilcaseam/is/arewhite.

5. Therubbersam/is/are£2.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be.

1. Thegirls atschool.

2. I (not)12yearsold.

3. Tina myfriend.

4. Mynotebooks (not)red.

5. Thepen blue.

6. Mybirthday (not)inNovember.

3 Write questions with the words below and the correct form of the verb to be.

1. theteacher/atschool

2. thestudents/intheclassroom

3. Mike/13yearsold

4. thepencils/twopounds

5. theschoolbag/green

Gauzak deskribatzeko, gertakari orokorrak adierazteko eta adina azaltzeko erabiltzen da. Gogoan izan hitz egiterakoan am, is eta are izenordain subjektuarekin uztartzen direla.I’m thirteen years old. (Hamahiru urte ditut.)

Ezezko era osatzeko not partikula gehituko dugu, eta is nahiz are formekin uztartu egingo da isn’t eta aren’t osatuz.I’m not in the park. (Ez nago parkean.)The teacher isn’t in the classroom. (Irakaslea ez dago gelan.)My books aren’t on my desk. (Nire liburuak ez daude nire idazmahaiaren gainean.)

Galderak egiteko subjektuaren eta aditzaren arteko hurrenkera trukatzen da. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordaina bakarrik erabiltzen da eta to be aditza ondoren; erantzuna baiezkoa bada, laburbiltzeke, eta, ezezkoa bada, laburbilduta.Is your birthday in May? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. (Zure urtebetetzea maiatzean da? Bai. / Ez.)

Is the teacher at school?

4 Answer the questions so they are true for you. Use short answers.

1. Isyourschoolbagpink?

2. Isyourpencilyellow?

3. Areyourpensblue?

4. Areyoutwelveyearsold?

5. IsyourbirthdayinMarch?

6. IstodayTuesday?

are

Grammar appendix


Complete the questions with Who, What, Where, When or Why.

1. colouristhatpen?It’sblack.

2. istheEnglishlesson?It’sonThursday.

3. isEmma?She’sintheclassroom.

4. isthat?That’sDavy.

5. isJillathome?Becauseit’sSaturday.

6. arethey?They’remypencils.

7. istheteacher?She’sathome.

8. isyourbirthday?It’sinAugust.

Check Yourself!


5Match the questions and the answers.

Questions Answers

1. Whoisthat? a. She’satschool.

2. WhereisJane? b. Becauseit’stheEnglishclassroom.

3. Whatdayisit? c. It’sMonday.

4. Whenisyourbirthday? d. That’sPete.

5. Whyareyouinthisclassroom? e. It’sinJanuary.

6 Read the answers to the questions. Then choose the correct question word.

1. What/Whereismyruler?It’sinyourpencilcase.

2. When/Whereisyourbirthday?It’sinSeptember.

3. Who/Whyistheteacher?MissSmith.

4. What/WhereisBenny?Atschool.

5. Why/WhenisHelenatschool?Becauseit’sTuesday.

6. Who/Whatisthat?It’smyEnglishbook.

7Answer the questions so they are true for you.

1. Whatisyourname?

2. WhoisyourEnglishteacher?

3. Whereareyou?

4. Whenisyourbirthday?

Izenordain galdetzaileak “bai” edo “ez” batez erantzun ezin daitezkeen galderetan bakarrik erabiltzen dira.Who is she? She’s the teacher. (Nor da? Irakaslea da.)What is that? It’s a notebook. (Zer da hori? Hori koadernoa da.)Where are your friends? They’re in the school. (Non daude zure lagunak? Eskolan daude.)When is the English test? It’s on Monday. (Noiz da ingeleseko kontrola? Astelehenean.)Why are you at home? Because I’m ill. (Zergatik zaude etxean? Gaixo nagoelako.)

1

Izenordain galdetzaileak

12

Grammar appendix


unit 1

have got

I, you, we eta they subjektuekin have got erabiltzen da eta he, she, it subjektuekin, aldiz, has got.We have got two schoolbags. (Eskolako bi maleta ditugu.) Ecuador has got a yellow, blue and green flag. (Ekuadorrek bandera horia, urdina eta berdea du.)

Ezezko era osatzeko not gehituko diegu have eta has aldaerei. Forma laburtuak, dena den, arruntagoak dira.John hasn’t got Russian postcards. (Johnek ez du postal errusiarrik.)

Galderen hurrenkera honakoa da: have edo has + subjektua + got. Erantzun motzak izenordain subjektuekin erantzungo ditugu soilik, eta ondoren have / haven’t edo has / hasn’t jarriko dugu, got gabe.Have you got a postcard collection? Yes, I have. (Postalen bilduma duzu? Bai.)Has Paul got a sister? No, he hasn’t. (Paulek arreba bat du? Ez.)

1Complete the sentences with have got or has got.

1. John apen.

2. They anewcomputer.

3. I adog.

4. Myfriend asister.

5. We friendsfromRomania.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative or negative form of have got.

1. Thestudents (not)anEnglishlessontoday.

2. Ourschool (not)acomputerroom.

3. Tony afootballcollection.

4. AlfonsoandMaría (not)ason.

5. I abrother.

3 Write questions with Have got or Has got and the words below.

1. Peter/apencil/inhisschoolbag

2. theteacher/anautographcollection

3. RachelandMandy/Frenchparents

4. you/asister

5. I/yourbook

has got

Has Peter got a pencil in his schoolbag?

haven’t got

Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative, negative or interrogative form of have got or has got.

1. I abrother.HisnameisSteve.

2. We redschoolbags.They’reblue.

3. you

mypencil?

4. No,Harry asister.

5. China

ayellowflag?

6. Ryan adog.ItsnameisBlackie.

7. January 32days.

8. yourclass

20students?

Check Yourself!


Grammar appendix



1. I’mfromLondon.My/YournationalityisEnglish.

2. Cathyismyfriend.Her/Ourbrotherismyfriend,too.

3. Thestudentshaven’tgotalesson.His/Theirteacherisn’tatschool.

4. Lookatthatdog.Your/ItsnameisRex.

5. We’vegotanewhouse.Our/Theirhouseisbig.

6. You’vegotmypen.Thisishis/yourpen.

7. SarahandIhavegotanewdesk.My/Ourdeskisblue.

8. Markisinmyclass.His/Itsbrotherisinmyclass,too.

Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjectives.

1. Youaren’tEnglish. nationalityisFrench.

2. Ihavegotanewschoolbag. schoolbagispurple.

3. BillandAndyarebrothers. familynameisSmith.

4. Janehasgottwosisters. sistersaregreat.

5. Dannyhasgotasportcollection. collectionisbig.

6. Thecatiswhite. nameisFluffy.

7. WeareinYear8. classis8A.

8. YouandSimonhavegotanewteacher. teacherisMrsDawson.

Check Yourself!

my nire

your zure

his haren (gizonezkoaren)

her haren (emakumezkoaren)

its haren (gauza edo animaliaren)

our gure

your zure

their haien

Jabetzan dugun elementuaren aurretik doaz beti, azken honen generoa eta numeroa kontuan izan barik, jabea nor den azaltzeko baitira soilik: our car (gure autoa) – our bikes (gure bizikletak). 3. pertsona singularrean erraz bereiz daiteke jabea maskulinoa (his), femeninoa (her) edo neutroa (its) den. His grandmother is eighty years old. (Haren amonak laurogei urte ditu.)Her nationality is Moroccan. (Marokoar herritartasuna du.)


Edutezko adjektiboak

14

Grammar appendix


unit 2

Present Simple baiezko eran

eta maiztasun-adberbioak

Gogoan izan Present Simple aldia ondorengo kasuetan erabiltzen dela:

ohiko ekintzekin eta ordutegiekin I have breakfast at eight o’clock every morning. (Zortzietan gosaltzen dut goizero.)

gustuekin eta iritziekin I like the Harry Potter books very much. (Harry Potterren liburuak asko gustatzen zaizkit.)

gertakari orokorrekin Many children go to bed early. (Ume asko goiz oheratzen dira.)

Baiezko erak to gabeko infinitiboaren forma bera du, 3. pertsona singularrean izan ezik, honek bukaeran s baitu; eta kasu batzuetan, aditzaren amaieraren baitan, es bukaera hartzen du, adibidez:

• ss, sh, ch eta x batez bukatzen denean miss ➝ misses finish ➝ finishes watch ➝ watches fix ➝ fixes

• o batez bukatzen denean do ➝ does go ➝ goes

• kontsonantea + y bukaera duenean study ➝ studies

Kasu honetan y, i bilakatuko da es gehitu aurretik.

Maiztasun-adberbioak Present Simple aditz-denborarekin maiz erabiltzen diren adberbioak dira. Ekintzak zenbatetan egiten ditugun adierazten dute.

always (beti) often (sarri) never (inoiz ez)usually (normalean) sometimes (batzuetan)

Aditzaren aurrean doaz beti, baina esaldiak to be aditza badu, orduan ondoren.School always starts at half past eight. (Eskola beti zortzi eta erdietan hasten da.)People’s routines are often very different. (Jendearen eguneroko gauzak sarritan oso desberdinak dira.)

1Write sentences with the words below. Use the Present Simple affirmative.

1. mymother/read/books/atnight

2. I/clean/myroom/everyday

3. thechildren/play/football/onMondays

4. Tom/go/tobed/ateighto’clock

5. LeeandBen/getup/atseveno’clock

6. theteacher/look/atournotebooks/everyweek

My mother reads books at night.

2Add the adverbs of frequency to the sentences below.

1. Ieatpizza.(never)

2. Theboysgetupatseveno’clock.(always) 3. AnnawatchesTVafterschool.(often) 4. Myfriendsbuymepresentsonmy

birthday.(usually) 5. TommeetsfriendsonSaturdays.

(sometimes)

I never eat pizza.

Grammar appendix


Genitibo saxoia

Zerbait norena den adierazteko, jabeari apostrofoa (’ ) eta s gehituko dizkiogu, baldin eta jabea izen singularra bada edo norbaiten izen berezia.Peter’s shoes (Peterren zapatak)

Izen berezia s batez bukatzen bada, apostrofoa bakarrik ere gehi diezaiokegu.Charles’ car / Charles’s car (Charlesen autoa)

Izena plurala bada eta s batez bukatzen bada, apostrofoa bakarrik gehituko diogu; plural irregularra bada, ordea, biak.the teachers’ books (irakasleen liburuak)the men’s cars (gizonen autoak)

3Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the Saxon Genitive.

1. The (girls)schoolbagsarered.

2. My (friend)shoesarepink.

3. The (dog)ballisblue.

4. My (sisters)friendsarefromMorocco.

5. (John)grandmotherisFrench.

girls’

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple affirmative.

1. Paulusually (start)schoolat9o’clock.

2. I (walk)toschoolinthemorning.

3. Wesometimes (go)tobedat10o’clock.

4. Sally (clean)herroomeveryday.

5. Theteacheroften (write)questionsontheboard.

6. Jakenever (do)homeworkatschool.

7. MyfatherandI (watch)TVeveryevening.

8. Mybrotheralways (study)atnight.

Check Yourself!


Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the Saxon Genitive.

1. The (students/work)isgood.

2. My (brother/notebook)isblue.

3. The (boys/names)areBenandJake.

4. (Alice/house)isnew.

5. The (girl/dog)isintheclassroom.

6. My (parents/birthdays)areinJune.

7. The (teacher/sister)isateacher,too.

8. My (friends/schoolbags)areintheclassroom.

Check Yourself!


16

Grammar appendix


Present Simple ezezko eran eta galderetan

Ezezko era osatzeko do not (don’t) ezarriko dugu aditzaren aurrean, baina 3. pertsona singularrean does not (doesn’t).I don’t play the guitar. (Ez dut gitarra jotzen.)Helen doesn’t watch TV. (Helenek ez du telebista ikusten.)

Galderak osatzeko do erabiliko dugu esaldiaren hasieran eta 3. pertsona singularrean does. Azken kasu honetan, does aldaerak 3. pertsona dela adierazten duenez jada, aditz nagusiak ez du bukaeran s eramango.Erantzun motzak izenordain subjektuarekin eta do / does laguntzaileekin erantzungo ditugu baiezkoak direnean eta don’t / doesn’t erabiliz ezezkoak direnean. Does María water the plants? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. (Mariak loreak ureztatzen ditu? Bai. / Ez.)

I don’t go to school at nine o’clock.

1Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1. work/doesn’t/mymother/athome

2. eat/don’t/butterflies/otheranimals

3. TV/watch/mydog/doesn’t

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple negative.

1. I (wear)atracksuitforschool.

2. Giraffes (live)inhouses.

3. Tom (listen)tomusiceveryday.

4. MarioandMaría (play)footballatschool.

5. I (like)snakes.

6. Mycanary (sing)songs.

3Change the words in bold to make negative sentences. Use the words in brackets.

1. Igotoschoolateighto’clock.(nineo’clock)

2. Bennycleanshisroomonceaweek.(everyday)

3. Weusuallyhavelunchatschool.(always)

4.Tinaridesherbikeeverymorning.(everyevening)

5.Pandasliveupto20years.(40years)

don’t wear

My mother doesn’t work at home.4. don’t/Englishbooks/read/PeteandAlice/

usually

5. doesn’t/atschool/homework/Harry/do

unit 3

Grammar appendix


4 Complete the questions with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple interrogative.

1. you (like)hamsters?

2. yoursnake (eat)frogs?

3. giraffes (come)fromEurope?

4. Lisa (work)withhorses?

5. you (study)biologyatschool?

5Write questions with the words below. Use the Present Simple.

1. yourparents/getup/at7o’clock

2. yourfamily/havedinner/at8o’clock

3. you/love/animals

4. acat/sleep/inyourroom

5. pandas/live/inyourcountry

6Answer the questions in Exercise 5.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Do like

Do your parents get up at 7 o’clock?


Circle the correct answers.

1. Iusuallymeet/meetsmyfriendsafterschool.

2. Do/Doesyouwanttoadoptananimal?

3. Caitlindon’tlike/doesn’tlikeinsects.

4. AndyandIdon’tgo/doesn’tgotothezooeveryweek.

5. Do/Doesawhaleweighupto200tons?

6. Linsometimeshelp/helpsatthepetshop.

7. Mydogneversleep/sleepsinmyroom.

8. Zorsesdon’thave/doesn’thavebabies.

Check Yourself!

18

Grammar appendix


unit 4

Present Continuous

Gogoan izan Present Continuous aditz-denborak hitz egiteko unean egiten ari garena edo gertatzen ari dena deskribatzen duela. Beronekin sarri ikusiko ditugu esamolde hauek: at the moment (une honetan), now (orain), right now (oraintxe bertan) eta today (gaur).

Baiezko era to be (am, is, are) aditzaren orainaldiarekin + ing bukaera daraman aditz nagusiarekin osatzen da.Josh is reading now. (John irakurtzen ari da orain.)

Ezezko era osatzeko not gehituko diogu am aldaerari; is eta are aldaerek, berriz, not nahiz n’t forma laburtua har dezakete.People aren’t walking in the street. (Jendea ez dabil kalean pasieran.)

Galderetan subjektua to be eta ing amaiera duen aditzaren artean doa. Baiezko erantzun motzetan izenordain subjektuak eta am, is edo are aldaerak erabiltzen dira laburbiltzeke, eta laburbilduta ezezkoetan.Is Belinda listening to music at the moment? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.(Belinda musika entzuten ari da une honetan? Bai. / Ez.)

Aditzoinari ing bukaera gehitzerakoan, ondorengo ortografia-arauak jarraitu behar dira:

• e mutuaz amaitzen bada, e galdu egiten da. write ➝ writing drive ➝ driving come ➝ coming• Silaba bakarrekoa bada eta bokala + kontsonantea baditu amaieran, kontsonante hau bikoizten da. stop ➝ stopping run ➝ running sit ➝ sitting

1Complete the sentences. Use the Present Continuous affirmative.

1. Myfriends (play)footballatthemoment.

2. Brad (do)homeworkrightnow.

3. Gabriella (read)agoodbooknow.

4. We (listen)tomusicatthemoment.

5. HelenandPaul (watch)TVnow.

2Complete the sentences with the words below. Use the Present Continuous negative.

1. Kenny tennisrightnow.

2. Thegirls theplantsnow.

3. Mark thedishesat themoment.

4. I thedogatthemoment.

5. JeanandI dinnernow.


1. Am/Is/Arewegoingtothepartynow?

2. Am/Is/AreJennyswimmingatthemoment?

3. Am/Is/AreJoandMikeworkingin thegardenrightnow?

4. Am/Is/AretheteacherswatchingTVat themoment?

5. Am/Is/Areyourfathercookingdinnerrightnow?

are playing

isn’t playing Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1. you (go)tobednow?

2. Dan (notplay)footballatthemoment.

3. We (have)dinnernow.

4. I (listen)tomusicrightnow.

5. Donna (get)dressedatthemoment?

6. I (notstudy)rightnow.

7. I (talk)toDavid?

8. They (noteat)rightnow.

Check Yourself!


play • have • wash • feed • water

Grammar appendix


Present Continuous / Present Simple aditz-

denboren arteko aldea

Present Simple aditz-denborak ohikoak diren ekintzak adierazten ditu, Present Continuous denborak, berriz, orain gertatzen ari dena adierazten du. I make the bed every day. (Egunero egiten dut ohea.)I am making the bed now. (Ohea egiten ari naiz orain.)

Kontuan izan denbora-esamoldeek bien arteko desberdintasuna argitzen laguntzen digutela.

4Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1. I (watch)TVatthemoment.

I (watch)iteveryevening.

2. Don (notplay)tennisonWednesdays.

Today,he (notplay)becauseit’sWednesday.

3. you (do)homeworknow?

youalways (do)homeworkafterschool?

4. Mygrandfatherusually (work)inthegarden.

He (notwork)inthegardennowbecauseheishavinglunch.

am watchingwatch


Choose the correct answers.

1. Theteacher…atthemoment.

a. istalking b. talks

2. Emilyusually…intheafternoon.

a. isreading b. reads

3. Theboys…ontheInternetnow.

a. don’tchat b. aren’tchatting

4. …Jane…toschooleveryday?

a. Does…walk b. Is…walking

5. Mark…TVeverynight.

a. isn’twatching b. doesn’twatch

6. …Pete…theguitarrightnow?

a. Is…playing b. Does…play

7. I…toyourightnow.

a. amnotlistening b. don’tlisten

8. We…Englisheveryday.

a. arestudying b. study

Check Yourself!

20

Grammar appendix


Countable nounsUncountable nouns

Singular plural

a tomato some tomatoes

There is / There are; a, an, some, any

Baiezkoa

There is (edo there’s laburtua) izen zenbakarri singularren eta izen zenbakaitzen aurrean joaten da. Izen zenbakarriekin a erabiliko dugu (edo an izena bokalez hasten denetan) eta zenbakaitzekin some.There is a tomato. (Tomate bat dago.)There is an onion. (Tipula bat dago.)There is some meat. (Haragi pixka bat dago.)

There are forma izen zenbakarri pluralen aurrean bakarrik erabiliko dugu.There are some chips. (Patata frijituak / frijitu batzuk daude.)

Ezezkoa

Ezezko era is / are ondoren not edo n’t gehituz osatuko dugu. A / an eta some erabili ordez any erabiliko dugu, -rik edo batere ...-rik esangura duena.There isn’t any vinegar. (Ez dago [batere] ozpinik.)There aren’t any nuts. (Ez dago intxaurrik.)

Galderazkoa

Galderak osatzeko is eta are aldaerak ezarriko ditugu there partikularen aurrean. Erantzun motzetan ohiko hurrenkerara itzuliko gara. Ezezkoak badira berauek, forma laburtuak erabiliko ditugu. Ezezko perpausetan bezala, galderetan ere, any erabiliko dugu a/an edo some erabili ordez.Is there any milk? Yes, there is. ([Batere] esnerik ba al dago? Bai.)Are there any potatoes in the shop? No, there aren’t. (Patatarik [batere] badago dendan? Ez.)

2Complete the sentences with a, an, some or any.

1. Thereare chipsonthetable.

2. Haveyougot sugar?

3. Iwant ricewithmychicken,please.

4. Therearen’t meninthekitchen.

5. Thereis sandwichforyouinthediningroom.

6. Doyouwant orange?

1Complete the chart with the words below. Add a, an or some.

some

3 Complete the sentences with There is, There isn’t, There are or There aren’t.

1. somesandwichesinmyschoolbag.

2. anycheeseforlunch.

3. afishintheaquarium.It’sblueandyellow.

4. somesauceontherice.

5. anywomenatthecafé.

6. ameatballonmyspaghetti.Pleasegivemeone.

There are

unit 5

tomato • sheep • bread • rice • fish cheese • sugar • meat • pencil • ear

Grammar appendix


4 Write questions with Is there or Are there and the words below.

1. any/olives/onthepizza

2. any/orangejuice/inthehouse

3. a/goodcafé/inyourtown

4. any/eggs/onthetable

5. any/food/inyourbedroom

6. any/programmes/aboutfood/onTV

7. an/onion/inyourhand


1. I’mthirsty.Iwantsome/amilk,please.

2. Thereis/Therearesomesandwichesforlunch.

3. Isthere/Arethereanypotatoesinthekitchen?

4. Therearethreemen/manattherestaurant.

5. Tomdoesn’twantsome/anylunch.

6. Thereisn’t/Therearen’tanyriceinthehouse.

7. Pleasedon’tputa/anegginmysalad.

8. Thereis/Thereareanewcaféhere.

Check Yourself!


Are there any olives on the pizza?

extra!

How much / How many

Zerbaiten kopurua jakin nahi dugunean how much eta how many erabiliko ditugu.

How many izen zenbakarriekin erabiliko dugu.How many meals are there? (Zenbat jatordu daude?)

How much izen zenbakaitzekin erabiliko dugu.How much food is there? (Zenbat jateko dago?)

How much gauza baten prezioa jakiteko ere erabiltzen da.How much is it? (Zenbat balio du?)

Complete the sentences with How much or How many.

1. studentsarethereinyourschool?

2. chocolatedoyoueateveryday?

3. timehavewegotforlunch?

4. penshaveyougot?

5. coladoyoudrinkeveryday?

6. brothersandsistershasHelengot?

How many

22

Grammar appendix


unit 6

Can / Can’t, Must / Mustn’t

can / can’t

Can aditzak gaitasuna (jakin), posibilitatea (ahal izan) edo gauza bat egiteko baimena adierazten ditu.He can dance very well. (Oso ondo egiten du dantzan.)We can run today. (Gaur korrika egin dezakegu.)

Ezezkoan cannot erabiltzen da, elkartuta, edo can’t forma laburtua.I can’t drive. (Ez dakit gidatzen.)They can’t carry me. (Ezin naute eraman.)

Galderetan hurrenkera aldatu egiten da eta subjektua can aditzaren ondoren ezartzen da. Erantzun motzetan dagokion izenordaina erabiliko dugu eta jarraian can edo can’t.Can you play tennis? Yes, I can. (Tenisean jokatzen badakizu? Bai.)Can I do judo? No, you can’t. (Judoa egin dezaket? Ez.)

must / mustn’t

Zerbait egiteko beharra, obligazioa dagoela edo egitea komeni dela adierazten du (“behar izan” esangura du).You must listen to the teacher. (Irakasleari entzun egin behar diozu.)

Mustn’t, aldiz, must eta not hitzen laburdura dena, aditz nagusiak adierazten duen ekintza burutzea ez dela komeni edo debekatua dagoela adierazteko erabiliko da.We mustn’t speak in class. (Gelan ezin dugu hitz egin. [ez dago ondo])You mustn’t swim in the river. (Ezin duzue ibaian bainatu. [debekatua dago])


1. Ababycan/can’tcookfood.

2. Afishcan/can’tswim.

3. Afrogcan/can’tjump.

4. Adogcan/can’tread.

5. Anelephantcan/can’trideabike.

2Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.

1. Theteacheristalking.You talk.

2. You listentoyourparents.

3. Students sitontheirdesks.

4. You stopataredlight.

5. You feedtheanimalsatthezoo.

6. You drinkwateronahotday.

mustn’t

Choose the correct answers.

1. You…listentoyourteachers. a. mustn’t b. must

2. I…dothehomework.It’shard! a. can’t b. mustn’t

3. Jenny…runveryfast.Shealwaysgetsfirstprize.

a. can b. must

4. You…useyourmobilephoneinthelesson. a. can’t b. mustn’t

5. Anelephant…sweepthefloor. a. mustn’t b. can’t

6. Theclassroom…becleanattheendofalesson.

a. must b. mustn’t

7. I…speakFrench,butmyGermanisverygood.

a. can b. can’t

8. You…kicktheballinfootball. a. must b. mustn’t

Check Yourself!


Grammar appendix


Modu-adberbioek ekintza nola egiten den deskribatzen dute. How ...? (Nola…?) galdetzailearekin hasitako galderak erantzuten dira berauekin. Gehienak erregularrak dira eta dagokion adjektiboari ly gehituz osatzen dira. Batzuek, hala ere, ez dute arau hau jarraitzen eta buruz ikasi behar dira (good – well, fast – fast, hard – hard).I can’t run quickly. (Ezin dut korrika azkar egin.)

3Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives in brackets.

1. Dancanwintherace.Heruns (quick).

2. Brianworks (hard).Heworkstenhourseveryday.

3. Wendylovestennis.Shealwaysplays (happy).

4. Pete’sgeographymarkis20%.Hedidn’tdo (good).

5. I’mnotagooddancer.Idance (bad).

6. Donnasings (beautiful).

Modu-adberbioak

Check Yourself!


quickly

Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives below.

sad • happy • good • hard • bad • slow • beautiful • hungry

1. Shecomestothelessons becauseshelovesthem.

2. Davereads .Heonlyreadsonebookayear.

3. Keithisgoodonthepiano.Heplaysit .

4. Mandyalwaysworks .She’sagoodstudent.

5. Shakirasings .Ilistentohereveryday.

6. “Iwanttoeat,”theboysays .

7. Lauraisn’thappy.Shetalks .

8. Idon’tplayfootballwell.Iplayit .

24

Grammar appendix


unit 7

To be aditza lehenaldian

Baiezkoan was forma du subjektua I, he, she eta it denean, baina were subjektua we, you eta they denean. Begira arretaz esaldian erabiltzen diren denbora-esamoldeei (yesterday, last month, the other day, etab.).John was next to the cinema yesterday. (John zinema ondoan zegoen atzo.)Peter and Carla were a good couple. (Peter eta Carla bikote egokia ziren.)

Ezezko era osatzeko not erantsiko dugu, eta was nahiz were aldaerekin uztartu egingo da, wasn’t eta weren’t formak osatuz.He wasn’t at the church. (Ez zegoen elizan.)

Galderetan was eta were esaldiaren hasieran kokatuko ditugu, eta erantzun motzetan izenordain subjektuak erabiliko ditugu, jarraian was / wasn’t edo were / weren’t aldaerekin.Were the students at the museum? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. (Ikasleak museoan egon al ziren? Bai. / Ez.)

1Complete the sentences with was, wasn’t, were or weren’t. Make the sentences true for you.

1. I athomelastnight.

2. Ourteacher lateyesterday.

3. Myfriends atthecinemayesterday.

4. MyfamilyandI atafootballgamelastThursday.

5. I atthelibraryyesterday.

6. MyfriendandI atapartyattheweekend.

2Write the words in the correct order to make questions.

1. thebank/open/was/yesterday

2. you/were/lastweek/atschool

3. angry/theteacher/was/yesterday

4. LinandLee/lastnight/attheparty/were

5. Tony/was/athome/lastweekend

Complete the sentences with the correct past form of the verb to be.

1. Myfriends (not)athomeyesterday.

2. Chloehappyattheparty?

3. I lateforschoolyesterday.

4. youathomeonSaturdaymorning?

5. I (not)atschoolonTuesday.

6. thechildrenwithyouatthesupermarket?

7. We atthemuseumlastweek.

8. Sarah (not)inmyclasslastyear.

Check Yourself!


Was the bank open yesterday?

Grammar appendix


There was aldaerak gauza bakarra zegoela adierazten du, gauza hori izen zenbakarri singularra nahiz izen zenbakaitza izan daiteke. There was a restaurant under the house. (Jatetxe bat zegoen etxe azpian.)There was good meat at the butcher’s. (Haragi ona zegoen harategian.)

There were formak bi gauza edo gehiago zeudela adierazten du, eta, horrela bada, izen zenbakarri pluralekin bakarrik erabiltzen da.There were hundreds of people in the shops. (Ehunka pertsona zeuden dendetan.)

Ezezkoak osatzeko not gehituko dugu, eta was eta were aldaerekin uztartuta, wasn’t eta weren’t osatuko ditugu.There weren’t any children at the sports centre. (Umerik ez zegoen polikiroldegian.)

Galderak was edo were aldaerekin hasiko ditugu eta erantzun motzetan ohiko hurrenkerara joko dugu. Ezezkoak badira hauek, forma laburtuak erabiliko ditugu.Were there many people at the library? Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t. (Jende asko al zegoen liburutegian? Bai. / Ez.)

3Complete the sentences with There was, There were, There wasn’t or There weren’t.

1. amathstestyesterdayanditwashard.

2. anycheeseinthesandwich.

3. asnakeintheclassroomandthestudentswerefrightened.

4. anycomputers200yearsago.

5. somepencilsinmypencilcasefiveminutesago.

4Write the words in the correct order to make questions.

1. there/were/teachers/any/intheroom

2. there/atthesportscentre/was/abasketballgame

3. were/any/people/there/atthemuseum

4. there/was/any/inthetea/sugar

5. a/goodfilm/there/was/atthecinema

There was / There were

Complete the sentences with There was, There were, There wasn’t, There weren’t, Was there or Were there.

1. anybooksonthedesk.

2. anypeopleatthebookshop?

3. acatintheroombutthereisonenow.

4. somelionsandtigersatthezoo.

5. agiraffenearthezebra.Whereisitnow?

6. anyfoodattheparty?

7. somefoodonthetable.

8. anymilkinthekitchen?

Check Yourself!


There was

Were there any teachers in the room?

26

Grammar appendix


unit 8

Past Simple baiezko eran

Past Simple aldia lehenaldiko une zehatz batean gertatutako ekintzak adierazteko eta istorioak lehenaldian kontatzeko erabiltzen da.I saw a great jacket last week. (Jaka zoragarria ikusi nuen pasa den astean.)

To be aditzaren lehenaldiarekin erabiltzen diren denbora-esamolde berberak erabiltzen dira, hauek ekintza gertatu zen unea adierazten baitute.

Aditz erregularren lehenaldia osatzeko ed amaiera gehitu aurretik, ondorengo ortografia-arauak kontuan izan behar ditugu:

• Aditza e mutuaz amaitzen bada, d gehituko diogu soilik. arrive ➝ arrived

• Silaba bakarrekoa bada eta bokala + kontsonante batez amaitzen bada, kontsonante hau bikoizten zaio. stop ➝ stopped

• Kontsonantea + y batez amaitzen bada, ed gehitu aurretik y hori i bilakatuko da. study ➝ studied

Aditz irregularrek ez dute ed bukaerarik, beraz, buruz ikasi behar dira. Berauen zerrenda 31. eta 32. orrialdeetan aurkituko duzu.

Complete the sentences with the Past Simple form of the verbs below.

buy • start • take • wear • study • see chat • visit

1. We ourgrandparentsinLondonlastweekend.

2. Lisa outtherubbishanhourago.

3. Don forthehistorytestlastnight.

4. I onthephonewithmyfriendafterschool.

5. They anewcomputerlastweek.

6. MandyandPete agoodfilmonTVyesterday.

7. Thefilm at8o’clock.

8. Mary newtrainersatschoolyesterday.

Check Yourself!


-ed -d -ieddanced dance • play • try • change • carry

walk • bounce • wait • study

2Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Past Simple.

1. Theteacher tomymotheryesterday.

2. We thenewteacher.Shewasverynice.

3. Judy toschoolyesterday.

4. Adam TVforfivehourslastnight.

5. I hardforthetest.

3Complete the sentences with the Past Simple form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Carol (write)ane-mailtoherfriendyesterday.

2. I (buy)anewsweatertwodaysago.

3. We (go)tothesportscentrelastnight.

4. Mario (draw)abeautifulpictureatschoolyesterday.

5. Thestudents (have)twotestslastweek.

6. I (see)thatfilmlastnight.

talked

wrote

1Complete the chart.

dance • play • try • change • carry walk • bounce • wait • study

watch • like • walk • talk • study

Grammar appendix


This – hauThat – hori, huraThese – hauekThose – horiek, haiek

Ordezkatzen duten izenarekin numeroan soilik datoz bat (singularra / plurala).That is his scarf. (Hori bere lepokoa da.)These are your trousers. (Hauek zuen galtzak dira.)

Izenaren aurrean doazenean adjektibo funtzioa dute. This car is clean. (Kotxe hau garbia dago.)Those men are Chinese. (Gizon horiek txinatarrak dira.)

4Complete the sentences with This, That, These or Those.

Check Yourself!


1

5

2

“ isagreatcomputergame.”

4

“ aremyparents.”

“ dogsarebeautiful.”

“ booksareDanny’s.”

This

6

3

“ isyourpen.”

“ isanewschool.”


1. This/Theseismynewscarf.

2. Arethis/theseyourshoes?

3. That/Thoseboyisinmyclass.

4. That/Thisismynewhat.It’sonmyhead.

5. These/Thosetrousersintheshopwindowareverynice.

6. Isthese/thismypencil?

7. Lookatthatcar.Arethose/theseyoursistersinthecar?

8. These/Thischocolatesarefantastic!

Erakusleak

28

Grammar appendix


unit 9

be going to

Baiezko era to be aditza orainaldian dugula + going to + aditz nagusia oinarrizko forman dugula osatzen da; “-t(z)era noa” eta kidekoen pareko da. Gure egitasmoak adierazten dituenez, ekintza noiz burutuko den azaltzeko, etorkizuneko denbora-esamolderen bat eraman ohi du, (tomorrow, later, soon, etab.).I’m going to ride a horse tomorrow. (Bihar zaldian ibiltzera noa.)

Ezezko forma osatzeko not edo n’t gehituko diogu to be aditzari.She isn’t going to sail this summer. (Ez doa nabigatzera uda honetan.)

Galderak am, is eta are aldaerekin hasten dira, eta erantzun motzetan to be aditzaren forma hauek soilik errepikatzen dira; laburbiltzeke baiezkoak badira, eta laburbilduta ezezkoak direnetan.Are your friends going to go to the beach on Wednesday? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. (Zure lagunak ba al doaz hondartzara asteazkenean? Bai. / Ez.)

1Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use be going to.

1.Jack (travel)toschoolbytrain.

2. We (noteat)hamburgersforlunch.

3. I (study)forthetestlater.

4. Mymother (notwork)atthehospitaltoday.

5. DonnaandFaye (buy)newclothesafterschool.

2Write questions with the words below. Use be going to.

1. theboys/play/basketball/tomorrow

2. Ben/start/theproject/today

3. you/meet/yourfriends/attheshoppingcentre/later

4. JackandLaura/have/dinner/ateighto’clock

5. Sue/do/herhomework/tonight

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use be going to.

1. Myfriends (make)meapartyformybirthday.

2. Jodi (notread)thatbook.

3. thegirls (finish)theprojecttomorrow?

4. I (meet)Markatthecafélater.

5. We (notplay)computergamestonight.

6. Carla (buy)aniPodsoon?

7. Sally (drive)toFranceinthesummer.

8. I (be)inyourclassnextyear?

Check Yourself!


is going to travel

Are the boys going to play basketball tomorrow?

Grammar appendix


Galderak am, is eta are aldaerekin hasten dira, eta erantzun motzetan to be aditzaren forma hauek soilik errepikatzen dira; laburbiltzeke baiezkoak badira, eta laburbilduta ezezkoak direnetan.We are flying at three o’clock tomorrow. (Zure lagunak ba al doaz hondartzara asteazkenean? Bai. / Ez.)

Gogoan izan, asmoa bada, be going to erabiltzen dela, eta ziurra den zerbait bada, Present Continuous (euskaraz ere orainaldia erabil dezakegu batzuetan, ziurtasun osoz egingo dugun zerbait iragartzeko).I am staying at home tonight. (Gaur gauean etxean geldituko naiz.)

4. unitatean ikusi dugu Present Continuous aldiaren ezezko era, galderak eta erantzun motzak nola osatzen diren. Berrikus itzazu behar izanez gero.My brother is not coming later. (Nire anaia ez dator / ez da etorriko gero.)Are you having lunch in an hour? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t. (Ordu bete barru bazkalduko al duzue? Bai. / Ez.)

3Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Present Continuous.

1. Thebus at1o’clock.

2. SueandPam tennisonMonday.

3. Dave tothebakerysoon?

4. Mydad athometomorrow.

5. BradandAndy

apartyafterschool?

6. I Tomthisevening.

Present Continuous etorkizun

zentzuarekin

is leaving

Aurretik aipatua izan den izena ordezten dute eta, osagai funtzioa dutenez, aditzaren nahiz preposizio baten ondoren jartzen dira.I’ve got two cats. Do you want to see them? (Bi katu ditut. Ikusi nahi dituzu?)This motorbike is for you. (Motozikleta hau zuretzako da.)

Pertsona-izenordain objektuak

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1. Lynn (fly)toAmericatonight?

2. Myfriends (go)tothesportscentreafterschool.

3. I (notride)mybicycletoschoolthismorning.

4. We (nothave)atesttomorrow.

5. you (take)yourbrothertotheshopssoon?

6. Tania (notplay)tennislater.

7. Thetrain (come)at6o’clock.

8. I (leave)infiveminutes.

Check Yourself!

Answers, see page 30extra!

me ni (niri) it hura (hari [gauza edo animaliari])

you zu (zuri) us gu (guri)

him hura (hari [gizonezkoari]) you zuek (zuei)

her hura (hari [emakumezkoari]) them haiek (haiei)

Complete the sentences with the correct object pronouns.

1. ThisisJane’ssweater.Pleasegiveitto .

2. Wearegoingtoarestaurant.Doyouwanttocomewith ?

3. Ournewbicyclesarered.Doyouwanttosee ?

4. IhavegotGreg’spen.Imustgiveitto .

5. That’smysandwich.Mummadeitfor .

her

go • leave • play • have • not meet not work


cHecK YourSeLF! anSWer KeY

Introduction, page 10, to be

1. is 3. Are 5. are 7. aren’t2. isn’t 4. am 6. Is 8. Am

Introduction, page 11, Izenordain galdetzaileak

1. What 3. Where 5. Why 7. Where2. When 4. Who 6. What 8. When

Unit 1, page 12, have got

1. havegot 5. Has…got2. haven’tgot 6. hasgot3. Have…got 7. hasn’tgot4. hasn’tgot 8. Has…got

Unit 1, page 13, Edutezko adjektiboak

1. Your 3. Their 5. His 7. Our2. My 4. Her 6. Its 8. Your

Unit 2, page 15, Present Simple baiezko eran eta maiztasun-adberbioak

1. starts 3. go 5. writes 7. watch2. walk 4. cleans 6. does 8. studies

Unit 2, page 15, Genitibo saxoia

1. students’work 5. girl’sdog2. brother’snotebook 6. parents’birthdays3. boys’names 7. teacher’ssister4. Alice’shouse 8. friends’schoolbags

Unit 3, page 17, Present Simple ezezko eran eta galderetan

1. meet 3. doesn’tlike 5. Does 7. sleeps2. Do 4. don’tgo 6. helps 8. don’thave

Unit 4, page 18, Present Continuous

1. Are…going 5. Is…getting2. isn’tplaying 6. amnotstudying3. arehaving 7. Am…talking4. amlistening 8. aren’teating

Unit 4, page 19, Present Continuous /Present Simple aditz-denboren arteko aldea

1. a 3. b 5. b 7. a2. b 4. a 6. a 8. b

Unit 5, page 21, There is / There are; a, an, some, any

1. some 5. any2. Thereare 6. Thereisn’t3. Arethere 7. an4. men 8. Thereis

Unit 6, page 22, Can / Can’t, Must / Mustn’t

1. b 3. a 5. b 7. b2. a 4. b 6. a 8. a

Unit 6, page 23, Modu-adberbioak

1. happily 5. beautifully2. slowly 6. hungrily3. well 7. sadly4. hard 8. badly

Unit 7, page 24, To be aditza lehenaldian

1. weren’t 3. was 5. wasn’t 7. were2. Was 4. Were 6. Were 8. wasn’t

Unit 7, page 25, There was / There were

1. Thereweren’t 5. Therewas2. Werethere 6. Wasthere3. Therewasn’t 7. Therewas4. Therewere 8. Wasthere

Unit 8, page 26, Past Simple baiezko eran

1. visited 5. bought2. took 6. saw3. studied 7. started4. chatted 8. wore

Unit 8, page 27, Erakusleak

1. This 3. That 5. Those 7. those2. these 4. This 6. this 8. These

Unit 9, page 28, be going to

1. aregoingtomake 5. aren’tgoingtoplay2. isn’tgoingtoread 6. Is…goingtobuy3. Are…goingtofinish 7. isgoingtodrive4. amgoingtomeet 8. Am…goingtobe

Unit 9, page 29, Present Continuous etorkizun zentzuarekin

1. Is…flying 5. Are…taking2. aregoing 6. isn’tplaying3. amnotriding 7. iscoming4. aren’thaving 8. amleaving

31

IRREGULAR VERB LIST


BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) EUSKARA

be /VA/ was/were /rFh/rK/ been /VAm/ izan beat /VAW/ beat /VAW/ beaten /'VAWm/ jobecome /VB'YJl/ became /VB'YMl/ become /VB'YJl/ bihurtu, bilakatubegin /VB'ZBm/ began /VB'Zæm/ begun /VB'ZJm/ hasibend /VCmX/ bent /VCmW/ bent /VCmW/ tolestu, okertubet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ apustu eginbite /VOW/ bit /VBW/ bitten /'VBWm/ kosk egin, hozka eginbleed /VoAX/ bled /VoCX/ bled /VoCX/ odola jarioblow /VoLH/ blew /VoI/ blown /VoLHm/ putz eginbreak /VpMY/ broke /VpLHY/ broken /'VpLHYLm/ apurtubring /VpBn/ brought /VpGW/ brought /VpGW/ ekarribuild /VBoX/ built /VBoW/ built /VBoW/ eraikiburn /VKm/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ errebuy /VO/ bought /VGW/ bought /VGW/ erosicatch /Yæa/ caught /YGW/ caught /YGW/ harrapatu, hartuchoose /aIh/ chose /aLHh/ chosen /'aLHhm/ aukeratucome /YJl/ came /YMl/ come /YJl/ etorricost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ kostatucut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ moztudig /XBZ/ dug /XJZ/ dug /XJZ/ aitzurtu, zuloa egindo /XI/ did /XBX/ done /XJm/ egindraw /XpG/ drew /XpI/ drawn /XpGm/ marraztudream /XpAl/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ amets egindrink /XpBnY/ drank /XpænY/ drunk /XpJnY/ edandrive /XpOd/ drove /XpLHd/ driven /'XpBdm/ gidatueat /AW/ ate /CBW/ eaten /AWm/ janfall /cGo/ fell /cCo/ fallen /'cGoLm/ erorifeed /cAX/ fed /cCX/ fed /cCX/ elikatufeel /cAo/ felt /cCoW/ felt /cCoW/ sentitufight /cOW/ fought /cGW/ fought /cGW/ borrokatufind /cOmX/ found /cPmX/ found /cPmX/ aurkitufly /coO/ flew /coI/ flown /coLHm/ hegan eginforget /cL'ZCW/ forgot /cL'ZFW/ forgotten /cL'ZFWm/ ahaztuforgive /cL'ZBd/ forgave /cL'ZMd/ forgiven /cL'ZBdm/ barkatufreeze /cpAh/ froze /cpLHh/ frozen /'cpLHhm/ izoztuget /ZCW/ got /ZFW/ got /ZFW/ lortu, jasogive /ZBd/ gave /ZMd/ given /ZBdm/ emango /ZN/ went /rCmW/ gone /ZFm/ joangrow /ZpN/ grew /ZpI/ grown /ZpNm/ hazihang /kæn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ esekihave /kæd/ had /kæX/ had /kLX/ edukihear /kBL/ heard /kKX/ heard /kKX/ entzunhide /kOX/ hid /kBX/ hidden /'kBXm/ ezkutatuhit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ johold /kNoX/ held /kCoX/ held /kCoX/ eutsihurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ zauritu, min emankeep /YAU/ kept /YCUW/ kept /YCUW/ gorde, mantenduknow /mN/ knew /mqI/ known /mNm/ jakin, ezagutulay /oCB/ laid /oCBX/ laid /oCBX/ jarri, hedatulead /oAX/ led /oCX/ led /oCX/ zuzendu, gidatu

32

IRREGULAR VERB LIST


BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) EUSKARA

learn /oKm/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ ikasileave /oAd/ left /oCcW/ left /oCcW/ utzi, irten lend /oCmX/ lent /oCmW/ lent /oCmW/ prestatulet /oCW/ let /oCW/ let /oCW/ baimena eman, utzilie /oO/ lay /oCB/ lain /oCBm/ etzanlie /oO/(regular verb) lied /oOX/ lied /oOX/ gezurra esanlight /oOW/ lit /oBW/ lit /oBW/ piztulose /oIh/ lost /oFgW/ lost /oFgW/ galdumake /lCBY/ made /lCBX/ made /lCBX/ eginmean /lAm/ meant /lCmW/ meant /lCmW/ esan nahi izanmeet /lAW/ met /lCW/ met /lCW/ elkar ezagutu, bildupay /UM/ paid /UMX/ paid /UMX/ ordainduput /UHW/ put /UHW/ put /UHW/ jarri, ipiniread /pAX/ read /pCX/ read /pCX/ irakurriride /pOX/ rode /pLHX/ ridden /'pBXm/ gainean ibiliring /pBn/ rang /pæn/ rung /pJn/ deiturise /pOh/ rose /pLHh/ risen /'pBhm/ jaso, altxaturun /pJm/ ran /pæm/ run /pJm/ korrika eginsay /gM/ said /gCX/ said /gCX/ esansee /gA/ saw /gG/ seen /gAm/ ikusisell /gCo/ sold /gLHoX/ sold /gLHoX/ saldusend /gCmX/ sent /gCmW/ sent /gCmW/ bidaliset /gCW/ set /gCW/ set /gCW/ ezarri, ipinishake /iMY/ shook /iHY/ shaken /'iMYLm/ eragin, astindushine /iOm/ shone /iFm/ shone /iFm/ distiratushoot /iIW/ shot /iFW/ shot /iFW/ tiro eginshow /iLH/ showed /iLHX/ shown /iLHm/ erakutsishut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ itxi sing /gBn/ sang /gæn/ sung /gJn/ abestusink /gBnY/ sank /gænY/ sunk /gJnY/ urperatu, hondoratusit /gBW/ sat /gæW/ sat /gæW/ eserisleep /goAU/ slept /goCUW/ slept /goCUW/ lo eginsmell /glCo/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ usainduspeak /gUAY/ spoke /gULHY/ spoken /gULHYLm/ hitz eginspell /gUCo/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ letreiatuspend /gUCmX/ spent /gUCmW/ spent /gUCmW/ gastatu, igarostand /gWæmX/ stood /gWHX/ stood /gWHX/ zutik egonsteal /gWAo/ stole /gWLHo/ stolen /'gWLHoLm/ lapurtustick /gWBY/ stuck /gWJY/ stuck /gWJY/ itsatsisweep /grAU/ swept /grCUW/ swept /grCUW/ erratzatu, eskobatuswim /grBl/ swam /græl/ swum /grJl/ igeri egintake /WMY/ took /WHY/ taken /'WMYLm/ hartuteach /WAa/ taught /WGW/ taught /WGW/ irakatsitear /WCL/ tore /WG/ torn /WGm/ urratu, zartatutell /WCo/ told /WLHoX/ told /WLHoX/ esan, kontatuthink /eBnY/ thought /eGW/ thought /eGW/ pentsatuthrow /epN/ threw /epI/ thrown /epNm/ jaurti, botaunderstand /JmXC'gWæmX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ ulertuwake up /rMY'JU/ woke up /rLHY'JU/ woken up /rLHYLm'JU/ esnatuwear /rCL/ wore /rG/ worn /rGm/ jantzita eramanwin /rBm/ won /rJm/ won /rJm/ irabaziwrite /pOW/ wrote /pLHW/ written /'pBWm/ idatzi


Letra larriz idazten dira:• pertsona-izenak: Tom Ashton• zenbait leku-izen, esate baterako hiri, herri, kontinente, eraikin ospetsu eta museo izenak: London,

France, Europe, Madame Tussauds, the British Museum• herritartasunak: English, Moroccan• egunak: Saturday, Tuesday, Thursday• hilabeteak: July, August, November• esaldi baten lehen letra: We are at school.• I pertsona-izenordaina: I am Russian.• hizkuntzak: English, French, German

LETRA LARRIA (Capital letters)

Preposizio desberdinak erabiltzen dira orduen eta festa-aldien aurrean, egunen eta daten aurrean, hilabeteen, urteen eta egun-zatien aurrean. Garrantzitsua da kasuan kasuko preposizio egokia erabiltzen jakitea. Begira arretaz ondorengo adibideei:at orduak: at four o'clock festa-aldiak: at New Yearon asteko egunak: on Tuesday datak: on 26th November on Christmas Day in hilabeteak: in January urteak: in 2015 egun-zatiak: in the morning Salbuespenak: at the weekend at night

DENBORA-PREPOSIZIOAK (Prepositions of time)

• Puntua (.) baiezko eta ezezko esaldien bukaeran doa. Whales live in the ocean. Giraffes don’t eat animals.• Galdera-ikurra (?) galderen amaieran bakarrik kokatzen da. Have you got a hamster? Do you like snakes?• Harridura-ikurra (!) ere esaldiaren amaieran idazten da, eta emozio edo sentimenduak adierazteko

erabiltzen da. Wow! This is great!• Koma (,) hitzak edo ideiak banantzeko erabiltzen da. Normalean ez da and juntagailuaren aurrean

idazten. I’ve got a dog, a cat and a snake.

PUNTUAZIOA (Punctuation)

WRITING GUIDE

34

writing guide


Esaldiko subjektua aditzaren aurrean kokatzen da. Mark speaks English. They are in the garden. s v s vBaina galderetan aditza subjektuaren aurrean doa. Is Helen tall? Are you at home? v s v s

HITZEN HURRENKERA: SUBJEKTUA – ADITZA (Word order: Subject – Verb)

Normalean izenen aurrean jartzen dira. big sandwich great food adj n adj nEta to be aditzaren ondoren ere bai. The sandwich is big. The food is great. n adj n adj

HITZEN HURRENKERA: ADJEKTIBOAK (Word order: Adjectives)

Bi ideia edo gehiago lotzen dituzten hitzak dira.• and (eta) antzeko bi perpaus edo ideia lotzen ditu. I can swim and I can dance.• but (baina) bi ideia kontraesankor lotzen ditu. I like basketball but I can’t play it.• because (-[e]lako, zeren...) zerbaiten arrazoia edo zergatia ematen du. I must run because I’m late.

JUNTAGAILUAK (Linking words)

Gertakari-segida kontatu nahi dugunean, hitz hauek erabiltzen ditugu gertakariak zein hurrenkeratan gertatu diren adierazteko:• first (lehenik, lehenik eta behin)• then (gero, ondoren) • next (jarraian) • after that (gero, ondoren) • finally (bukatzeko, azkenean)First lokailuak lehenik zer gertatu zen adierazten du, eta finally lokailuak, berriz, azkenik gertatua. Yesterday I was in town. First, I went shopping. Then, I had lunch with my friends.

After that, I went to a museum. Finally, I went home.

SEKUENTZIAZKO LOKAILUAK (Connectors of sequence)

IH-007-131

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