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Tanta University

Faculty of Pharmacy

HINT-WG

Made By:

Amira Khaled

Rasha Khaled

Asmaa Alkhawaga

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Introduction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suN-sV0cT6c

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Proteins are very important molecules in our cells. They are involved in virtually all cell functions. Each protein within the body has a specific function.

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Introduction

http://biology.about.com/od/molecularbiology/a/aa101904a.htm

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Introduction

Antibodies

Contractile Proteins

EnzymesStructural Proteins

Hormonal Proteins

Storage Proteins

Transport Proteins

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http://biology.about.com/od/molecularbiology/a/aa101904a.htm

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Amino acids - The protein building blocks

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Introduction

http://proteinas.guru/img/proteinas/articles/estructura-aminoacido.png

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http://www.geneinfinity.org/sp/sp_aaprops.html

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Levels of protein structure

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quaternary structure

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Introduction

http://faculty.etsu.edu/millerh/workshop/geneticcode.htm

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Protein synthesis

https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=619630998180835&set=vb.513153435495259&type=2&theater

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http://www.proteinsynthesis.or

g/what-is-protein-

synthesis/

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4wgREG-DJ0

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http://www.fmp-berlin.info/de/research/molekula

re-physiologie-und-zellbiologie/research-

groups/schuelein/researchinterestsproteintraffic.html

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Post-translational modification

PTM is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posttranslational_modification

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Post-translational modification

Modification involving peptide bonds

Modification of amino acids

Protein folding

Subunit aggregation

Acetylation

ADP-ribosylation

Carboxylation

Glycosylation

Fatty Acylation

Hydroxylation

Methylation

Phosphorylation

Prenylation

Made By:Amira Khaled & Rasha Khaled and Asmaa Alkhawaga

http://www.slideshare.net/srnsankar/protein-glycosylation-and-its-associated-disorders?qid=4a5fa0c4-119b-4b01-b689-7c3cade845c5&v=default&b=&from_search=4

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Glycosylation

Glycan

Protein

enzymes glycoprotein

Made By:Amira Khaled & Rasha Khaled and Asmaa Alkhawaga

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylation

proteoglycan

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Glycoprotein Proteoglycan

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Five classes of glycans are produced:

N-linked glycans

O-linked glycans

C-linked glycans

phospho-glycans

Glypiation

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Types of Glycosylation

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Types of Glycosylation

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Aglycosylation, is a feature of engineered antibodies to bypass glycosylation.

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Purpose

Folding correctly

Stability

to avoid degrades

cell-cell adhesion

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Glycan

Protein

Glycationenzymes

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylation

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_glycation_end-product

Advanced Glycation End-product

AGEs are substances that can be a factor in the development of many degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic renal failure, and Alzheimer's diseases erythropoiesis.

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http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/114/6/597/F1.expansion.html

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Mechanism

The most complex post-translational modification.

The donor molecule is often an activatednucleotide sugar.

It is a site-specific modification.

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http://plantphys.info/plant_physiology/basic

cytology1.shtml

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N-linked glycosylation

The attachment of a sugar molecule to a nitrogen of aspara-gine or arginine side chains.

requires participation of dolichol phosphate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-linked_glycosylation

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-linked_glycosylation

N-linked glycosylation

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O-linked glycosylation

The attachment of a sugar molecule to an oxygen atom in an amino acid residue in a protein.

dolichol phosphateis not involved. 3

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RorGifz6C2Y

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Fertilization

Erythropoietin

Blood groups

lymphocyte movement

Glycoproteins are involved in many biological process…

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Fertilization

http://csls-text.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/active/12_07.html

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Erythropoietin EPOIt is a glycoprotein

hormone produced by kidney that controls erythropoiesis.

It is about 165 amino acids;

• N glycosylated to 3 asp residue.

• O glycosylated on serresidue. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythropoietin

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• Eprex® is synthetic erythropoietin (epoetinalfa) and is used to replace the erythropoietin.

http://chealth.canoe.ca/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1174

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Blood groups

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http://www.glycoforum.gr.jp/science/hyaluronan/HA32/HA32E.html

Actin ligand interaction in lymphocyte movement

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Disorders

Diseases

Cancer

Congenital disorder of glycosylation

leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2

leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Cell disease

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Congenital disorder of glycosylation

Autosomal recessive disorder.

Especially affect the nervous system, musclesand intestines in affected infants.

Result in psychomotor retardation.

Made By:Amira Khaled & Rasha Khaled and Asmaa Alkhawaga

http://www.slideshare.net/srnsankar/protein-glycosylation-and-its-associated-

disorders?qid=4a5fa0c4-119b-4b01-b689-7c3cade845c5&v=default&b=&from_search=4

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Type I disorder

http://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/disorders/congenital-disorder-

glycosylation-type-ij

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Type II disorder

http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v10/n5/fig_tab/nm0504-457_F1.html

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http://www.raysahelian.com/carnosine.html

carnosine

L-Carnosine is naturally produced in the body by the enzyme carnosine synthetase. This nutrient supports healthy aging and cellular rejuvenation.

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