PJM’s Corrective Action Plan

GMD Vulnerability Assessment

Emanuel Bernabeu, Ph.D.Director Applied Innovation & AnalyticsPJM Interconnection.

Space Weather Enterprise Forum – June 26, 2019

1

Agenda

2 GMD Impacts on Power Systems

1PJM

4 Conclusion & Final Remarks

3GMD Mitigation

2

PJM©20183

PJM as Part of the Eastern Interconnection

As of 2/2018

• 27% of generation in Eastern Interconnection• 28% of load in Eastern Interconnection• 20% of transmission assets in Eastern Interconnection

21% of U.S. GDP produced in PJM

Key StatisticsMember companies 1,040+Millions of people served 65Peak load in megawatts 165,492MW of generating capacity 178,563Miles of transmission lines 84,0422017 GWh of annual energy 773,522Generation sources 1,379Square miles of territory 243,417States served 13 + DC

GIC Impacts on the Power Grid

DC shift

B

Time

I

Imac+dc

Time

Hot-spots MVARs Harmonics

4

GIC

1.08

0.95

Voltage Contour

GIC Uniform Geoelectric Field

500 kV 230 kV 115 kV

5

NERC TPL-0071-in-100 year benchmark

Agenda

2 GMD Impacts on Power Systems

1PJM

4 Conclusion & Final Remarks

3GMD Mitigation

6

Corrective Action Plan

Equipment Hardening

Operating Procedures

Situational Awareness

7

Equipment Hardening

020406080

100120

0 2 4 10 20 40Stea

dy S

tate

Gra

dien

t [K]

GIC [Amps per phase]

yoke plates (non-magnetic)yoke plates (magnetic)

Order of magnitude difference in temperature rise

Immune to harmonics

8

Forecast – Situation Awareness

Negligible Impact

Unbounded

9

Operating Procedures

02468

0 3 6 9 11 14 17 20 23 26 28 31 34 37 40 43 45

GIC

[neu

tral

]

Time [Hrs]

GMD forecast, GIC, heat-map

Real-time GIC

Conservative Operations

Topology Control

Contingency Analysis

Operating Procedures

10

Agenda

2 GMD Impacts on Power Systems

1PJM

4 Conclusion & Final Remarks

3GMD Mitigation

11

Conclusions & Final Remarks

Interdependent Models

(ionosphere, ground, grid)

No Silver Bullet(Hardening & Operating

Procedures)

Situational Awareness

(Forecasts are used-and-useful)

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