goal 1: end poverty in all its forms everywhere...goal 1: end poverty in all its forms everywhere...

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Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined by more than half from 1.9 billion in 1990. However, 836 million people still live in extreme poverty. About one in five persons in developing regions lives on less than $1.25 per day. Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are home to the overwhelming majority of people living in extreme poverty. High poverty rates are often found in small, fragile and conflict-affected countries. One in four children under age five in the world has inadequate height for his or her age. United Nations

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Page 1: Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere...Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined by more than

Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere ● Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined by more than half from 1.9 billion in 1990. However, 836 million people still live in extreme poverty. About one in �ve persons in developing regions lives on less than $1.25 per day.● Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are home to the overwhelming majority of people living in extreme poverty.● High poverty rates are often found in small, fragile and con�ict-a�ected countries.● One in four children under age �ve in the world has inadequate height for his or her age.

United Nations

Page 2: Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere...Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined by more than

• တစကမၻာလးအတငးအတာျဖငၾကညလင အလြနအမငးဆငးရႏြမးပါးစြာျဖငေနထငၾကရသမား အေရအတြကသည ၁၉၉၀ ျပညႏစတြင ၁.၉ ဘလယရရာမ ထက၀ကေကာ ေလာနညးကဆငး သြားပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ လဦးေရ ၈၃၆ သနးမာ ဆငးရႏြမးပါးစြာျဖင ေနထငေနၾကရဆျဖစပါသည။ ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆေဒသမားတြင လဦးတြင တစဦးမာ တစေန႔၀ငေငြ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၁.၂၅ ထကေလာ နညးစြာျဖင ရငသနရပတညေနၾကရပါသည။• ေတာငပငး အာရေဒသႏင အာဖရက ဆာဟာရေဒသခြ တ႔မာ အလြနအမငးဆငးရႏြမးပါးစြာျဖင ေနထငၾကရသမား အမားစေနထငရာ ေဒသမားျဖစၾကပါသည။• ေသးငယေသာ၊ ထရလြယေသာ၊ ပဋပကၡဒဏခစားေနရေသာ တငးျပညမားတြင ဆငးရႏြမးပါးမႈ ႏႈနး ျမငမားသညက အမားအားျဖင ေတြ႕ရၾကပါသည။• ကမၻာေပၚတြင အသက ၅ ႏစေအာက ကေလး ၄ ဦးတြင တစဦးသည ၄ငး၏အသကအရြယတြင ရရမည အရပအျမင မျပညမသညက ေတြ႕ရရပါသည။

ပနးတင (၁) ေနရာတငးတြင ဆငးရႏြမးပါးမႈ ပစအမးမး အဆး သတေရး

• တစကမၻာလးအတငးအတာျဖငၾကညလင အလြနအမငး ဆငးရ ႏြမးပါးစြာျဖငေနထငၾကရသမား အေရအတြကသည ၁၉၉၀ ျပညႏစတြင ၁.၉ ဘလယရရာမ ထက၀ကေကာ ေလာ နညး ကဆငး သြားပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ လဦးေရ ၈၃၆ သနးမာ ဆငးရ ႏြမးပါးစြာျဖင ေနထငေနၾကရဆျဖစပါသည။

ဆငးရႏြမးပါးမႈ

ပေပာကေရး1

United Nations

Page 3: Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere...Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined by more than

Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture ● Globally, the proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half since 1990, from 23.3% in 1990 - 1992 to 12.9% in 2014 - 2016. However, one in nine people in the world today (795 million) are still undernour ished.● The vast majority of the world’s hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9% of the population is undernourished.● Asia is the continent with the hungriest people – two-thirds of the total. The percentage in southern Asia has fallen in recent years, but in western Asia it has increased slightly.● Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the highest prevalence (percentage of population) of hunger. About one person in four there is undernourished.● Poor nutrition causes nearly half (45%) of deaths in children under �ve – 3.1 million children each year.● One in four of the world’s children su�er stunted growth. In developing countries the proportion rises to one in three.● 66 million primary school-age children in developing countries attend classes hungry, with 23 million in Africa alone.● Agriculture is the single largest employer in the world, providing livelihoods for 40% of today’s global population. It is the largest source of income and jobs for poor rural households.● 500 million small farms worldwide, most still rain fed, provide up to 80% of food consumed in a large part of the developing world. Investing in smallholder farmers is an important way to increase food security and nutrition for the poorest, as well as food production for local and global markets.

United Nations

Page 4: Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere...Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined by more than

ပနးတင(၂) ငတမြတေခါငးပါးမႈအဆးသတေရး၊ အစားအစာ ဖလေရး၊ အဟာရျပည၀ေရး ႏင စကပးေရးက႑ စဥဆကမျပတ ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရး တစကမၻာလးအတငးအတာျဖငၾကညလငဖြ႕ၿဖးဆေဒသမားရ အဟာရခ႕တေသာသမား အခး အစားသည ၁၉၉၀ ျပညႏစမစ၍ ထက၀ကနးပါးခန႔ ကဆငးသြားပါသည။ ၁၉၉၀-၁၉၉၂ ခႏစတြင ၂၃.၃% ရရာမ ၂၀၁၄-၂၀၁၆ ခႏစတြင ၁၂.၉% သ႔ ကဆငးသြားပါသည။

ငတမြတေခါငးပါးမႈ

မရေရး2

United Nations

သ႔ေသာ ယေန႔အခနတြင ကမၻာေပၚရ လ ၉ ဦးတြင တစဦး (၇၉၅ သနး) သည အဟာရခ႕တမႈ ရေနဆ ျဖစပါသည။• ကမၻာေပၚရ ငတမြတေခါငးပါးမႈဒဏခစားေနရေသာ ျပညသအမားစသည ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားတြင ေနထငၾကပါသည။ အဆပါႏငငမားရ လဦးေရ ၁၂.၉% မာ အဟာရ ျပည၀စြာ မရရၾကပါ။• အာရသည ငတမြတေခါငးပါးမႈဒဏ အမားဆးခစားေနၾကရေသာ ျပညသမား ရသည တကႀကး တစချဖစပါသည - စစေပါငးလဦးေရ၏ သးပႏစပ ရပါသည။ ေတာငအာရေဒသ၏ ရာခငႏႈနးမား မၾကာေသးမႏစမားအတြငး ကဆငးသြားပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ အေနာကအာရေဒသတြင ယငးရာခင ႏႈနးမာ အနညးငယ တးလာပါသည။• အာဖရကတကရ ဆာဟာရေဒသခြသည ငတမြတေခါငးပါးမႈ ျဖစပြားမႈႏႈနး အျမငမားဆး (လဦးေရ ရာခငႏႈနးအရ) ေဒသျဖစသည။ လ ၄ ဦးတြင ၁ ဦးခန႔သည အဟာရ ျပည၀မႈ မရၾကပါ။• အဟာရ ခ႕တမႈေၾကာင ၅ ႏစေအာကကေလးမားတြင ေသဆးမႈ ထက၀ကခန႔ (၄၅%) ျဖစေပၚ ေစပါသည - ႏစစဥ ကေလးသငယ ၃.၁ သနး ေသဆးလကရပါသည။• ကမၻာေပၚရ ကေလးငယမား ၄ ဦးတြင ၁ ဦးသည ဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈအဆင နမကမႈက ခစားေနၾကရ ပါသည။ ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆတငးျပညမားတြင အဆပါ အခးအစားမာ ၃ ဦးလင ၁ ဦးႏႈနးထ ျမငမားပါသည။• ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားရ မလတနးအရြယကေလးငယ ၆၆ သနးသည အစားအစာခ႕တစြာျဖင ေကာငး တကေနၾကရပါသည။ အာဖရကတက တစခထတြင ၂၃ သနး ရပါသည။• စကပးေရးက႑သည ကမၻာေပၚတြင အလပအကင အမားဆး ခန႔ထားေပးသည တစခတညး ေသာ က႑ႀကးျဖစသည။ ယေန႔ ကမၻာလဦးေရ၏ ၄၀% အတြက အသကေမြး၀မးေၾကာငးလပ ငနးႀကး တစချဖစပါသည။ ယငးသည ဆငးရႏြမးပါးေသာ ေကးလကအမေထာငစမားအတြက အႀကးမားဆး ၀ငေငြႏငအလပအကငအရငးအျမစလညး ျဖစပါသည။• မးေရက အမားအားျဖင မခအားထားဆျဖစေသာ ကမၻာေပၚရ လယယာေျမ အေသးစား သနး ၅၀၀ တ႔သည ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆေဒသအမားစတြင စားသးေနၾကေသာ စားနပရကၡာ၏ ၈၀%အထ ျဖည ဆညးေပးပါသည။ လယယာေျမအနညးနယသာပငဆငေသာ လယသမားမားအတြက ရငးႏး ျမႇပႏမႈ ျပလပျခငးသည အဆငးရဆး ျပညသမားအတြက စားနပရကၡာဖလမႈကသာမက ေဒသႏရႏင ကမၻာ ေစးကြကမားအတြက စားနပရကၡာထတလပမႈကလညး တးတကေစသည အေရးပါေသာ နညးလမး တစချဖစပါသည။

Page 5: Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere...Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined by more than

Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Child health● 17,000 fewer children die each day than in 1990, but more than six million children still die before their �fth birthday each year.● Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted nearly 15.6 million deaths.● Despite global progress, an increasing proportion of child deaths are in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. Four out of every �ve deaths of children under age �ve occur in these regions.

Maternal health● Globally, maternal mortality has fallen by almost 50% since 1990.● In Eastern Asia, Northern Africa and Southern Asia, maternal mortality has declined by around two-thirds. But, the maternal mortality ratio – the proportion of mothers that do not survive childbirth compared to those who do – in developing regions is still 14 times higher than in the developed regions.● Only half of women in developing regions receive the recommended amount of health care.

HIV/AIDS● By 2014, there were 13.6 million people accessing antiretroviral therapy, an increase from just 800,000 in 2003.● New HIV infections in 2013 were estimated at 2.1 million, which was 38% lower than in 2001. ● At the end of 2013, there were an estimated 35 million people living with HIV.● At the end of 2013, 240,000 children were newly infected with HIV.

United Nations

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• ၂၀၀၀ ျပညႏစမစ၍ ၀ကသကကာကြယေဆးသည ေသဆးမႈ ၁၅.၆ သနးနးပါးက ေရာငလႊေပးခ ပါသည။• တစကမၻာလးအတငးအတာျဖင တးတကမႈမား ရလာေသာလညး အာဖရကတက ဆာဟာရ ေဒသခြႏင ေတာငပငး အာရေဒသတ႔တြင ကေလးေသဆးမႈအခးအစားသည တးတကမားျပားလာပါ သည။ ၅ ႏစေအာကကေလးေသဆးမႈ ၅ ဦးတြင ၄ ဦးသည အဆပါ ေဒသမားမ ျဖစပါသည။

မခငကနးမာေရး• တစကမၻာလးအတငးအတာျဖင ၾကညပါက မခငေသဆးမႈသည ၁၉၉၀ ျပညႏစမစ၍ ၅၀% နးပါးခန႔ ကဆငးလာပါသည။• အေရ႕အာရေဒသ၊ ေျမာကအာဖရက ႏင ေတာငပငးအာရေဒသတ႔တြင မခငေသဆးမႈသည သးပႏစပခန႔ ကဆငးလာပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ ဖြၿဖးဆႏငငမားရ မခငေသဆးမႈအခး - ကေလးေမြး ဖြားခနတြင မခငအသကရငမႈႏငႏႈငးယဥၾကညပါက ေသဆးမႈ အခး - သည ဖြ႕ၿဖးၿပးေဒသမား ထက ၁၄ ဆ ပမ ျမငမားေနဆ ျဖစပါသည။• ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆေဒသမားရ အမးသမးထက၀ကမသာ ေထာကခခကရေသာ ကနးမာေရးေစာငေရာက မႈ ရရပါသည။

အတခအငဗ/ ေအအငဒအကစ• ၂၀၁၄ ခႏစတြင ေရာဂါထနးခပကသမႈ လကခရရမႈသည အေရအတြကသည ၁၃.၆ သနးထရ ခၿပး၊ ၂၀၀၃ ခႏစတြင ရရေသာ ၈၀၀၀၀၀ ထကစာလင တးတကလာမႈတစရပပင ျဖစပါသည။• ၂၁၀၃ ခႏစတြင အတခအငဗ ကးစကခရသည အေရအတြကသည ခန႔မနေျခအားျဖင ၂.၁ သနး ရၿပး၊ ယငးပမာဏသည ၂၀၀၁ ခႏစကထက ၃၈% ေလာနညးသြားျခငးျဖစပါသည။• ၂၀၁၃ ခႏစအကနတြင အတခအငဗေရာဂါပးရသ ခန႔မနးေျခအားျဖင ၃၅ သနး ရပါသည။• ၂၀၁၃ ခႏစအကနတြင ကေလးသငယ ၂၄၀၀၀၀ အတခအငဗ ထပမ၍ ကးစကခရပါသည။

ပနးတင(၃) သကရြယမေရြး လတငးေစ ကနးမာေရး ႏင သာယာပေျပာေရးကေလးကနးမာေရး• ေန႔စဥ ကေလးသငယေသဆးမႈသည ၁၉၉၀ ျပည ႏစက ထက ၁၇၀၀၀ ပမေလာနညးလာခသည။ သ႔ေသာ ကေလး သငယ ၆ သနးေကာသည အသက ၅ ႏစမျပညခင ႏစစဥ ေသ ဆး ေနၾကဆ ျဖစသည။

ေကာငးမြနေသာကနးမာေရး

ေစာငေရာကမႈ ရရေရး3

United Nations

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Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all ● Enrolment in primary education in developing countries has reached 91%, but 57 million children remain out of school.● More than half of children who have not enrolled in school live in sub-Saharan Africa.● An estimated 50% of out-of-school children of primary school age live in con�ict-af fected areas. Children in the poorest households are 4 times as likely to be out of school as children in the richest households.● The world has achieved equality in primary education between girls and boys, but few countries have achieved that target at all levels of education.● Among youth aged 15 to 24, the literacy rate has improved globally from 83 per cent to 91 per cent between 1990 and 2015.

United Nations

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• ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားရ မလတနးပညာေရး ေကာငးအပႏမႈသည ၉၁% ထ ေရာကရလာပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ ကေလးသငယ ၅၇ သနးမာ စာသငေကာငးျပငပတြင ရေနၾကဆျဖစပါသည။• ေကာငးအပႏမႈမရေသးေသာ ကေလးမားထမ ထက၀ကေကာသည အာဖရကတကရ ဆာဟာရ ေဒသခြတြင ေနထငၾကသမား ျဖစပါသည။• မလတနးပညာသငၾကားေသာ အသကအရြယေရာကရေနၿပး ေကာငးတကေရာကျခငးမရေသာ ကေလးငယမား၏ ၅၀% ခန႔သည ပဋပကၡဒဏခစားေနရေသာ ေဒသမားတြင ေနထငၾကသမား ျဖစပါသည။ ခမးသာေသာအမေထာငစမားရ ကေလးငယမားထကစာလင ဆငးရေသာအမ ေထာငစမားရ ကေလးငယမားသည ေကာငးတကေရာကမႈမရျခငးတြင ၄ ဆခန႔ ပမ မားျပား ပါသည။• ကမၻာေပၚတြင မလတနးပညာေရးက႑တြင မနးကေလးမားႏင ေယာကာၤးေလးမားၾကား၌ တနးတညမမႈ ရရလာခၿပးျဖစပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ ပညာေရးက႑အဆငမးစ၌ ယငးရညမနးခက က ျပညမသည ႏငငအနညးငယသာရပါသည။• ကမၻာတစ၀မးလးရ အသက ၁၅ မ ၂၄ ႏစၾကား လငယမားၾကားတြင စာတတေျမာကမႈႏႈနးမာ ၁၉၉၀ ခႏစမ ၂၀၁၅ ခႏစၾကား၌ ၈၃ ရာခငႏႈနးမ ၉၁ ရာခငႏႈနး အထ တးတကလာခပါသည။

ပနးတင(၄) လသားအားလးအကး၀ငမႈရကာ ညညြတ မတၿပး အရညအေသြးရသည ပညာ သငယႏငေရး ႏင အစဥေလလာသငယႏငေသာ အခြငအလနး ရရေရး

အရညအခငးျပည၀ေသာ

ပညာေရးရရေရး 4

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Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls ● In Southern Asia, only 74 girls were enrolled in primary school for every 100 boys in 1990. By 2012, the enrolment ratios were the same for girls and for boys.● In sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania and Western Asia, girls still face barriers to entering both primary and secondary school.● Women in Northern Africa hold less than one in �ve paid jobs in the non-agricultural sector.● In 46 countries, women now hold more than 30% of seats in national parliament in at least one chamber.

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• အာရတကေတာငပငးတြင ၁၉၉၀ ခႏစ၌ ေယာကာၤးေလး ၁၀၀ ဦး တငးတြင မနးကေလး ၇၄ ဦး သာ မလတနးပညာသငၾကားေရး ေကာငးအပႏမႈရပါသည။ ၂၀၁၂ ခႏစတြင ေကာငးအပႏမႈ အခးမာ မနးကေလးမားႏငေယာကာၤးေလးမားအတြက အတတ ျဖစလာခပါသည။• အာဖရကဆာဟာရေဒသခြ၊ သမဒၵရာပငးေဒသႏင အေနာကအာရေဒသတ႔တြင မနးကေလး မားအေနျဖင မလတနးပညာေရးအတြကသာမက အလယတနးႏင အထကတနး ပညာေရးအတြကပါ တကေရာကေရးအတြက အတားအဆးမားႏင ရငဆငေနရဆျဖစပါသည။• ေျမာကအာဖရကရ အမးသမးမားသည စကပးေရးမဟတေသာ က႑တြင ၀ငေငြရရေသာ အလပ ၅ ခတြင တစခႏႈနးပင မျပညေသာ အလပအကင ရရၾကပါသည။• ယေန႔အခနတြင ႏငငေပါငး ၄၆ ႏငငတ႔တြင အမးသားပါလမနတြင အနညးဆး လႊတေတာ တစရပ၌ အမတေနရာ ၃၀% ေကာ ရရလာၾကပါသည။

ပနးတင(၅) ကား-မ တနးတညမမႈ ရရေရးႏင အမး သမးမားႏင အမးသမးငယမားအားလး စြမးပကား တး ျမႇငေစေရး

ကား-မ တနးတညမရေရး5

United Nations

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Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all● In 2015, 91% of the global population is using an improved drinking water source, compared to 76% in 1990. However, 2.5 billion people lack access to basic sanitation services, such as toilets or latrines. ● Each day, an average of 5,000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-re lated diseases.● Hydropower is the most important and widely used renewable source of energy and as of 2011, represented 16% of total electricity production worldwide.● Approximately 70% of all available water is used for irrigation.● Floods account for 15% of all deaths related to natural disasters.

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• ၁၉၉၀ ျပညႏစတြင ရခေသာ ၇၆% ႏငႏႈငးယဥလင ၂၀၁၅ ခႏစ၌ ကမၻာလဦးေရး၏ ၉၁% သည ပမတးတကေကာငးမြနေသာ ေသာကသးေရ အရငးအျမစတစရပက အသးျပေနၾကၿပ ျဖစသည။ သ႔ေသာ လဦးေရ ၂.၅ ဘလယ သည ေရေလာငးအမသာ သ႔မဟတ တြငးအမသာ ကသ႔ေသာ အေျခခ မလာစနစမားက လကလမးမ အသးျပႏငမႈ မရရၾကေသးပါ။• ေန႔စဥ ပမးမ ကေလးသငယ ၅၀၀၀ တ႔သည ကာကြယႏငေသာ ေရႏငမလာဆငရာေရာဂါမား ေၾကာင ေသဆးေနၾကရပါသည။• ေရအားလပစစသည အေရးႀကးဆးႏင ကယကယျပန႔ျပန႔အသးျပေနေသာ ျပနလညျပညၿဖးၿမ စြမးအငအရငးအျမစတစချဖစၿပး၊ ၂၀၁၁ ခႏစအထ စာရငးမားအရ ကမၻာအႏ႔အျပား စစေပါငး လပစစထတလပမႈ၏ ၁၆% ရာခငႏႈနးရပါသည။• ရရအသးျပႏငေသာေရအရငးအျမစအားလး၏ ၇၀% ခန႔သည ေရသြငးစကပးေရးအတြက အသးျပပါသည။• သဘာ၀ေဘးအႏရာယမားႏငဆကစပ၍ေသဆးမႈမားအားတြငေရလႊမးမးမႈမားေၾကာင ေသဆး မႈမာ ၁၅% ရပါသည။

ပနးတင (၆) လသားတငး သန႔ရငးေသာ ေသာကသးေရ ႏင မလာစနစ ရရေရးႏင စဥဆကမျပတေသာ စမ ခန႔ခြမႈ ျဖစေပၚေစေရး

သန႔ရငးေသာေသာကသးေရ

ႏင မလာစနစရရေရး6

United Nations

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Goal 7: Ensure access to a�ordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all ● 1.3 billion people – one in �ve globally – still lack access to modern electricity.● 3 billion people rely on wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste for cooking and heating.● Energy is the dominant contributor to climate change, accounting for around 60% of total global greenhouse gas emissions.● Energy from renewable resources – wind, water, solar, biomass and geothermal energy – is inexhaustible and clean. Renewable energy currently constitutes 15% of the global energy mix.

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• ကမၻာေပၚရ လ ၅ ဦးတြင တစဦးႏႈနးျဖစသည လေပါငး ၁.၃ ဘလယ သည ေခတမလပစစမး ရရမႈ မရၾကေသးပါ။• လေပါငး ၃ ဘလယမာ ခကျပတေရးႏငအပဓာတရရေရးအတြက ထငး၊ ေကာကမးေသြး၊ မးေသြး သ႔မ ဟတ တရစၦာနစြန႔ပစပစၥညးမား အေပၚမခေနၾကရပါသည။• စြမးအငသည ရာသဥတေျပာငးလမႈအတြက အဓက အေထာကအကျပေနသည အခကတစခ ျဖစၿပး၊ စစေပါငးကမၻာဖနလအမဓာတေငြ႕ထတလႊတမႈ ၆၀% ခန႔သည စြမးအငေၾကာင ျဖစပါသည။• ျပနလညျပည၀လာႏငသည အရငးအျမစမားျဖစသည - ေလ၊ ေရ၊ ေန၊ ဇ၀ ႏင အပ စြမးအင - တ႔မ ရရသည စြမးအငသည ကနခမးမႈ မရႏငပ သန႔ရငးမႈလညးရပါသည။ လတတေလာအခန တြင ျပနလညျပညၿဖးၿမစြမးအငသည ကမၻာေပၚရ စြမးအငမားအားလးေပါငး၏ ၁၅% ပါ၀င ပါသည။

ပနးတင (၇) လသားတငး လကလမးမမႈရေသာ၊ စတခရေသာ၊ ေရရညတညတခငၿမေသာ၊ ေခတမ စြမးအင ရရေရး

လတငး လကလမးမမႈရၿပး

သန႔ရငးေသာ စြမးအငရရေရး 7

United Nations

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Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all● Global unemployment increased from 170 million in 2007 to nearly 202 million in 2012, of which about 75 million are young women and men.● Nearly 2.2 billion people live below the US$2 poverty line and poverty eradication is only possible through stable and well-paid jobs.● 470 million jobs are needed globally for new entrants to the labour market between 2016 and 2030.● Small and medium-sized enterprises that engage in industrial processing and manu facturing are the most critical for the early stages of industrialization and are typically the largest job creators. They make up over 90% of business worldwide and account for between 50-60% of employment.

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• ကမၻာေပၚရ အလပလကမႏႈနးသည ၂၀၀၇ ခႏစတြင သနးေပါငး ၁၇၀ ရခရာမ ၂၀၁၂ ခႏစတြင ၂၀၂ သနးနးပါးထ ရလာခပါသည။ ယငးတ႔ထတြင ၇၅ သနးမာ ငယရြယေသာ အမားသမးမား နင အမးသားမား ျဖစၾကပါသည။• လေပါငး ၂.၂ ဘလယခန႔သည ဆငးရႏြမးပါးမႈမဥး သတမတခကျဖစသည အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၂ ေဒၚလာေအာကတြင မခေနထငၾကရပါသည။ ဆငးရႏြမးပါးမႈတကဖကေရးမာ တညၿငမမႈရၿပး၊ ၀ငေငြေကာငးေသာ အလပအကငမား ရရမသာ ျဖစေပၚလာႏငမညျဖစသည။• တစကမၻာလးတြင ၂၀၁၆ ခႏစႏင ၂၀၃၀ ျပညႏစတ႔ၾကားတြင လပသားေစးကြကသ႔ အသစ ၀ငေရာက လာမညသမားအတြက အလပအကငေပါငး ၄၇၀ သနး လအပပါသည။• စကမႈကနထတလပငနးမားတြင ပါ၀ငေဆာငရြကေနၾကသည အေသးစားႏငအလတစား လပငနးမားသည စကမႈတညေဆာကေရး အေစာပငးကာလမားအတြက အေရးအပါဆးေသာ လပငနးမားျဖစသလ၊ အေျခခအားျဖငလညး အႀကးမားဆး အလပအကငဖနတးေပးသမား ျဖစပါ သည။ ယငးတ႔သည ကမၻာအႏ႔အျပားရ စးပြားေရးလပငနးမား၏ ၉၀% ရၿပး၊ အလပအကငခန႔ ထားေပးမႈ ၅၀% မ ၆၀% ၾကား ျဖညဆညးေပးပါသည။

ပနးတင(၈) စဥဆကမျပတျဖစထြနးၿပး အားလး အကး ၀ငေသာ ေရရညစးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေစေရး၊ လပ သားျပည အလပအကငရရေရးႏင အားလးအတြက ထတလပႏငစြမးရ၍သငတငေလာကပတေသာ အလပ အကင ရရေစေရး

သငတငေလာကပတေသာအလပအကငႏင စးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈ ရရေရး

8

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Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation● About 2.6 billion people in the developing world are facing di�culties in accessing electricity full time. ● 2.5 billion people worldwide lack access to basic sanitation and almost 800 million people lack access to water, many hundreds of millions of them in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.● 1 to 1.5 million people do not have access to reliable phone service.● For many African countries, particularly the lower-income countries, infrastructure constraints a�ect company productivity by around 40%.● Manufacturing is an important employer, accounting for around 470 million jobs worldwide in 2009 – or around 16% of the world’s workforce of 2.9 billion. It is estimat ed that there were more than half a billion jobs in manufacturing in 2013.● Industrialization’s job multiplication e�ect has a positive impact on society. Every one job in manufacturing creates 2.2 jobs in other sectors.● In developing countries, barely 30% of agricultural production undergoes industrial processing. In high-income countries, 98% is processed. This suggests that there are great opportunities for developing countries in agribusiness.

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• ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားရ ျပညသေပါငး ၂.၆ ဘလယခန႔မာ အခနျပည လပစစမး ရရမႈတြင အခက အခ မား ရငဆငေနရပါသည။• ကမၻာအႏ႔အျပားရ ျပညသေပါငး ၂.၅ ဘလယမာ အေျခခသန႔ရငးေရးစနစ လကလမးမမႈ မရၾကပ၊ ျပညသ သနး ၈၀၀ နးပါးမာ ေသာကသးေရ ရရမႈ မရၾကဘ၊ ယငးတ႔ထမ သနးေပါငးမားစြာ တ႔မာ အာဖရက ဆာဟာရေဒသခြႏင ေတာငအာရေဒသမ ျဖစၾကပါသည။• လေပါငး ၁ သနး မ ၁.၅ သနးမာ ယၾကညအားထားေလာကေသာ ဖနး၀နေဆာငမႈ မရရၾကပါ။• အာဖရကႏငငမားစြာအတြက အထးသျဖင ၀ငေငြနမကေသာ တငးျပညမားတြင အေျခခအ ေဆာကအအ အကန႔အသတမားရေနျခငးသည ကမၸဏ ကနထတမႈအေပၚ ၄၀% ခန႔ ထခက ေစပါသည။• ကနထတလပငနးသည အေရးပါေသာ အလပရငျဖစၿပး၊ ၂၀၀၉ ခႏစတြင ကမၻာတစ၀မး၌ အလပ အကငေပါငး ၄၇၀ သနးခန႔ ဖနတးေပးခသည သ႔မဟတ ကမၻာလပသားအငအား ၂.၉ ဘလယ ထမ ၁၆% ခန႔က အလပအကင ခန႔ထားေပးခပါသည။ ၂၀၁၃ ခႏစ၌ ကနထနလပငနးက႑တြင ဘလယတစ၀ကေကာခန႔ရ အလပအကငမား ရရခေၾကာငး ခန႔မနးေဖာျပခၾကပါသည။• စကမႈတညေဆာကျခငးေၾကာင အလပအကင ဆပြားတးတကလာေစသညဆသညအခက သည လမႈအဖြ႕အစညးအေပၚေကာငးမြနေသာ အကးသကေရာကမႈ ျဖစပါသည။ ကနထတလပငနးရ အလပအကငတစခသည အျခားက႑မားတြင အလပအကင ၂.၂ ခ က ဖနးတးေပးပါသည။• ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားတြင စကပးေရးကနထတလပငနး၏ ၃၀% မသာ စကမႈလပငနးတြင ပါ၀င လပ ေဆာငၾကပါသည။ ၀ငေငြျမငမားေသာ တငးျပညမားတြင ၉၈% ထ ပါ၀ငေဆာငရြကပါသည။

ပနးတင (၉) ႀကခငေသာ အေျခခအေဆာကအအမား တညေဆာကေရး၊ အားလးအကး၀ငၿပး၊ ေရရညတည တသည စကမႈလပငနးထေထာငေရးႏင ဆနးသစ တထြငမႈမားက အားေပးျမႇငတငေပးေရး

စကမႈလပငနး၊ဆနးသစတထြငမႈႏင အေျခခအေဆာကအအ ျမႇငတငေရး

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Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries ● On average – and taking into account population size – income inequality increased by 11% in developing countries between 1990 and 2010.● A signi�cant majority of households in developing countries – more than 75% – are living today in societies where income is more unequally distributed than it was in the 1990s.● Children in the poorest 20% of the population are still up to three times more likely to die before their �fth birthday than children in the richest quintiles.● Social protection has been signi�cantly extended globally, yet persons with disabilities are up to �ve times more likely than average to incur catastrophic health expenditures.● Despite overall declines in maternal mortality in the majority of developing countries, women in rural areas are still up to three times more likely to die while giving birth than women living in urban centres.

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• ပမးမျခငးအားျဖင လဦးေရအရြယအစားက ထညသြငးစဥးစားလင ၁၉၉၀ ႏင ၂၀၁၀ ျပညႏစတ႔ ၾကား၌ ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားတြင ၀ငေငြမညမမႈသည ၁၁% ခန႔ တးတကလာပါသည။• ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားရ အမေထာငစ အမားစ - ၇၅% ေကာ - တ႔သည ၁၉၉၀ ျပညလြနႏစမားတြင ရခသညထက ပမ၍ ယေန႔အခနတြင လမႈအဖြ႕အစညးအတြငး၌ ၀ငေငြမညမမႈမား ရေနပါသည။• အဆငးရဆးလ ၂၀% ရ ကေလးမားသည အခမးသာဆး မသားစမားရ ကေလးမားထက ၄ငးတ႔ ၏ ၅ ႏစေျမာကေမြးေန႔မတငမ ေသဆးမႈ ျဖစႏငေျခ ၃ ဆအထ ပမမားျပားပါသည။• ကမၻာတစ၀မးလးတြင လမႈကာကြယေရးအစအစဥမားက သသသာသာ တးခ႕ေဆာငရြက ေနၾကပါသည၊ သ႔ေသာ မစြမးမသနျဖစေနသညသမားအေနျဖင သာမနလမားထကစာလင ေဘးဒကၡ ေရာကေစႏငေလာကသည ကနးမာေရးကနကစရတမား ကခႏငရေျခ ၅ အထ ပမ မားျပားပါ သည။• ၿခငၾကညလင ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငအမားစတြင မခငေသဆးမႈႏႈနး ကဆငးသြားေသာလညး၊ ေကး လက ေဒသမအမးသမးမားသည ၿမ႕ျပေဒသတြငေနထငၾကေသာ အမးသမးထကစာလင ကေလး ေမြးဖြားခန၌ ေသဆးမႈျဖစႏငေျခ ၃ ဆ ခန႔ ပမမားပါသည။

ပနးတင (၁၀) ႏငငတြငး ႏင ႏငငမားၾကား မညမမႈ ေလာခေရး

မညမမႈမား

ေလာနညးသြားေစေရး10

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Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable ● Half of humanity – 3.5 billion people – lives in cities today. By 2030, almost 60% of the world’s population will live in urban areas.● 828 million people live in slums today and the number keeps rising.● The world’s cities occupy just 2% of the Earth’s land, but account for 60 – 80% of energy consumption and 75% of carbon emissions. Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health. But the high density of cities can bring e�ciency gains and technological innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption. ● Cities have the potential to either dissipate the distribution of energy or optimise their e�ciency by reducing energy consumption and adopting green – energy systems. For instance, Rizhao, China has turned itself into a solar – powered city; in its central districts, 99% of households already use solar water heaters.

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• လသားမးႏြယတ႔၏ထက၀က - လေပါငး ၃.၅ ဘလယ - သည ယခအခါ ၿမ႕ႀကးျပႀကးမားတြင ေနထငၾကပါသည။ ၂၀၃၀ ျပညႏစတြင ကမၻာလဦးေရ၏ ၆၀% နးပါသည ၿမ႕ျပေဒသမားတြင ေနထငၾကမညျဖစသည။• ယေန႔အခနအခါတြင လေပါငး ၈၂၈ သနးတ႔သည ပကရပကြကမားတြင ေနထငၾကၿပး၊ အဆပါ အေရအတြကသည ျမငမားလာေနပါသည။• ကမၻာေပၚရ ၿမ႕ႀကးမားသည ကမၻာကနးေျမ၏ ၂% ေလာကအေပၚတြငသာ တညေဆာကထား ျခငး ျဖစသည။ သ႔ေသာ ယငးတ႔မာ စြမးအငအသးျပမႈတြင ၆၀% မ ၈၀%ၾကားရၿပး၊ ကာဗြန ထတလႊတမႈမာ ၇၅% ရပါသည။ လငျမနစြာ ၿမ႕ျပတညေဆာကလာျခငးေၾကာင သန႔ရငးေသာ ေသာကသးေရရရမႈ၊ မလာစနစ၊ လေနထငမႈပတ၀နးကင ႏင ျပညသ႔ကနးမာေရး ကစၥရပမား အေပၚတြင ဖအားကေရာကေစပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ ၿမ႕ႀကးျပႀကးမားတြင လဦးေရသပသညးမႈ ျမငမားျခငးသည စြမးရညျပည၀မႈႏင နညးပညာတထြငဆနးသစမႈမားက ျဖစေပၚေစၿပး၊ အရငး အျမစမားႏင စြမးအငအသးျပမႈက ေလာကေစပါသည။• ၿမ႕ႀကးမားသည စြမးအငျဖန႔ျဖးမႈက ေလာပါးသြားေစႏငသည သ႔မဟတ စြမးအငအသးျပမႈက ေလာချခငး ႏင အစမးေရာင စြမးအငစနစမား ခမတကငသးျခငးျဖင ၄ငးတ႔၏စြမးအငဆငရာ အကနအကသကသာေစမႈက ျမႇငတငေဆာငရြကလာႏငမည အလားအလာရေနပါသည။ ဥပမာ တရတႏငငရ Rizhao သည ေနေရာငျခညစြမးအငသး ၿမ႕အျဖစသ႔ ေျပာငးလခၿပး၊ ယငး၏ ဗဟ ခရငမားတြင အမေထာငစ ၉၉% တ႔သည ေနေရာငျခညသး ေရအပေပးစကမားက အသးျပေန ၾကၿပ ျဖစပါသည။

ပနးတင (၁၁)အားလးအကး၀ငေသာ၊ ေဘးကငးလၿခ မႈရေသာ၊ ႀကခငမႈမရေသာ၊ ေရရည တညတႏငေသာ ၿမ႕ျပမား ႏင လေနရပကြကမား ထေထာငေရး

ေရရညတညတေသာ ၿမ႕ျပေဒသမား ႏင ေကးလကလမႈ အဖြ႕အစညးမား ထေထာငေရး

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Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns ● 1.3 billion tonnes of food are wasted every year. ● If people worldwide switched to energy-e�cient lightbulbs, the world would save US$120 billion annually.● Should the global population reach 9.6 billion by 2050, the equivalent of almost three planets could be required to provide the natural resources needed to sustain current lifestyles.● More than 1 billion people still do not have access to fresh water.

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• ႏစစဥ အစားအေသာက ၁.၃ ဘလယ တန က စြနပစေနၾကပါသည။• အကယ၍ ကမၻာတစ၀မးရ ျပညသမားသည စြမးအငအကနအကသကသာေသာ မးသးမား အသးျပလာၾကလင ကမၻာေပၚတြင ႏစစဥ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၁၂၀ ဘလယ သကသာေစ မညျဖစ သည။• ၂၀၅၀ ျပညႏစတြင ကမၻာလဦးေရသည ၉.၆ ဘလယ သ႔ ေရာကရလာလင လကရလေနမႈပစ က ထနးသမးထားႏငေစရန လအပေသာ သဘာ၀သယဇာတ အရငးအျမစမား ျဖညဆညးေပးရန ၿဂဟႀကး ၃ ခစာ လအပမညျဖစသည။• လဦးေရ ၁ ဘလယေကာသည သန႔ရငးေသာ ေသာကသးေရ လကလမးမမႈ မရၾကေသးပါ။

ပနးတင (၁၂) စဥဆကမျပတ စားသးမႈ ႏင ထတလပမႈ ပစမား ျဖစေပၚေစေရး

တာ၀နသေသာ စားသးမႈ

ပစ ျဖစေပၚေစေရး12

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United Nations

Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts ● The greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are driving climate change and continue to rise. They are now at their highest levels in history. Global emissions of carbon dioxide have increased by almost 50% since 1990. ● The atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have increased to levels unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years. Carbon dioxide concentrations have increased by 40% since pre-industrial times, primarily from fossil fuel emissions and secondarily from net land use change emissions. The ocean has absorbed about 30% of the emitted anthropogenic carbon dioxide, causing ocean acidi�cation.● Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since 1850. In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983-2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1,400 years.● From 1880 to 2012, average global temperature increased by 0.85°C. Without action, the world’s average surface temperature is projected to rise over the 21st century and is likely to surpass 3 degrees Celsius this century – with some areas of the world, including in the tropics and subtropics, expected to warm even more. The poorest and most vulnerable people are being a�ected the most.● The rate of sea level rise since the mid-19th century has been larger than the mean rate during the previous two millennia. Over the period 1901 to 2010, global mean sea level rose by 0.19 [0.17 to 0.21] meters.● From 1901 to 2010, the global average sea level rose by 19 cm as oceans expanded due to warming and melted ice. The Arctic’s sea ice extent has shrunk in every successive decade since 1979, with 1.07 million km² of ice loss every decade.● It is still possible, using an array of technological measures and changes in behaviour, to limit the increase in global mean temperature to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.● There are multiple mitigation pathways to achieve the substantial emissions reductions over the next few decades necessary to limit, with a greater than 66% chance, the warming to 2ºC – the goal set by governments. However, delaying additional mitigation to 2030 will substantially increase the technological, economic, social and institutional challenges associated with limiting the warming over the 21st century to below 2 ºC relative to pre-industrial levels

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ကမၻာလးဆငရာ ကာဗြနဒငေအာကဆကထတလႊတမႈသည ၁၉၉၀ ျပညႏစမစ၍ ၅၀% နးပါး တးတကလာပါသည။• ကာဗြနဒငေအာကဆကဓာတေငြ႕၊ မးသနးဓာတေငြ႕နင ႏကတရပစေအာကဆက ဓာတေငြ႕မား ေလထထတြင စေ၀းလာမႈသည အနညးဆး လြနခေသာ ႏစေပါငး ၈၀၀၀၀၀ က မႀကေတြ႕ခဖး ေသာ အဆငအထတးတကလာပါသည။ စကမႈထြနးကားသည ေခတမတငမကစ၍ ကာဗြနဒငေအာကဆက ဓာတေငြ႕စေ၀းမႈသည ၄၀% တးတကလာၿပး၊ အဓအားျဖင ေကာကျဖစရပၾကြငး ေလာငစာထတလႊတမႈ ႏင ဒတယအေနျဖင ေျမယာအသးခမႈေျပာငးလမႈေၾကာငျဖစေပၚလာေသာ ထတလႊတမႈမားေၾကာင ျဖစသည။ သမဒၵရာမားက မႏကာဗြနဒငေအာကဆဒ ထတလႊတမႈ၏ ၃၀%ခန႔က စပယေပးၿပး၊ သမဒၵရာအတြင အကဆစေပာ၀ငမႈက ျဖစေပၚေစပါသည။• ၁၈၅၀ ခႏစမစ၍ ျဖစေပၚခေသာ ဆယစႏစမားထကစာလင လြနခေသာ ဆယစႏစ ၃ ခတြင ျဖစေပၚခေသာ ကမၻာေျမမကႏာျပင၏ အပခနသည ဆကတကဆသလ ပမပေႏြးလာပါသည။ ေျမာကပငးကမၻာျခမးတြင လြနခေသာ ႏစေပါငး ၁၄၀၀ ကာလအတြငး ၁၉၈၃-၂၀၁၂ ခႏစ ကာလသည အပေႏြးဆးကာလ ျဖစခပါသည။• ၁၈၈၀ ခႏစ မ ၂၀၁၂ ခႏစၾကားကာလတြင ကမၻာပမးမအပခနသည ၀.၈၅ ဒဂရ ဆဆးရပ တးလာပါသည။ အေရးယေဆာငရြကမႈမရလင ကမၻာေျမမကႏာျပငပမးမအပခနသည ၂၁ ရာစ အတြငး ျမငတကလာမညျဖစၿပး၊ ယခရာစႏစအတြငး ၃ ဒဂရ ဆဆးရပ ေကာလြန တးတကလာ ႏငေျခရပါသည။ အပပငးဇန ႏင အပေလာပငးဇန တ႔အပါအ၀င ကမၻာေဒသအခ႕သည ပမ၍ပင ပေႏြးလာႏငသညဟ ေမာမနးရပါသည။ ဆငးရႏြမးပါးဆးႏင ထခကခစားရအလြယဆးေသာ သ မားသည ယငးရာသဥတပေႏြးလာမႈဒဏက အခစားရဆး ျဖစပါမည။

ပနးတင (၁၃) ရာသဥတေျပာငးလမႈႏင ယငး၏ အကး သကေရာကမႈမား ေလာပါးေစေရးအတြက အေရးႀကး လပငနးစဥမား ခမတေဆာငရြကေရး• လသားမား၏လပေဆာငမႈေၾကာင ထြကေပၚလာေသာ ဖနလအမဓာတေငြ႕မားသညရာသဥတေျပာငးလမႈက ျဖစေပၚ ေစၿပး၊ ဆကလကျမငတကေနဆလညးျဖစပါသည။ လကရ အခနတြင ယငးတ႔သည သမငးစဥတစေလာက၌ အျမငဆး အဆငတြငရေနပါသည။

ရာသဥတ ထနးသမးေရး

ဆငရာ လပငနးစဥမား

ခမတေဆာငရြကေရး

13

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• ၁၉ ရာစအလယမစ၍ ပငလယေရမကႏာျပငျမငတကလာမႈႏႈနးသည လြနခေသာ ေထာငစႏစစ အတြငး ရခေသာ ႏႈနးထက ပမမားျပားလာပါသည။ ၁၉၀၁ မ ၂၀၁၀ ခႏစၾကားတြင ကမၻာေရမက ႏာျပငသည ၀.၁၉ (၀.၁၇ မ ၀.၂၁) မတာအထ တးတကလာပါသည။• ၁၉၀၁ ခႏစမ ၂၀၁၀ ခႏစၾကားတြင ပေႏြးလာမႈႏငေရခမား အရညေပာမႈတ႔ႏငအတ သမဒၵရာ မား၏မကႏာျပငျမငတကလာသညအတြကေၾကာင ကမၻာပငလယေရမကႏာျပငသည ၁၉ စငတမတာ ခန႔ ျမငတကလာခပါသည။ ဆယစႏစတစခတငးတစခတငးတြင ေရချပငမား၏ ကလမတာ ၁.၀၇ သနး ဆးရႈးမႈႏငအတ ၁၉၇၉ ခႏစမစ၍ ဆယစႏစတငးတြင အာတတ ေရခ ပငလယျပငအကယအ၀နးသည က႕လာခပါသည။• နညးပညာဆငရာနညးလမးမားႏင အျပအမအဆငရာေျပာငးလမႈမားက အသးျပ၍ ကမၻာအပ ခန တးတကလာမႈက စကမႈေခတမတငမအဆငထက ၂ ဒဂရ ဆဆးရပ သ႔ေလာခကန႔သတ ႏငရန ျဖစႏငေျခ ရေနဆျဖစပါသည။• ေနာငလာမည ဆယစႏစအနညးငယအတြငး ဖနလအမဓာတေငြ႕ထတလႊတမႈ ကယကယျပန႔ ျပန႔ေလာခေရး ရညမနးခကရရရန ေလာခေရးနညးလမးမးစ ရေနပါေသးသည၊ အစးရမားက ခမတထားသည ပးေႏြးလာမႈက ၂ ဒဂရ ဆဆးရပအထေလာခႏငရန အခြငအေရး ၆၆%ေကာ ရေနပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ ကမၻာႀကးပေႏြးလာမႈက စကမႈေခတမတငမအဆငထက ၂ ဒဂရ ဆဆးရပ ေလာခကန႔သတေရးတြင ၂၀၃၀ ျပညႏစအထ ေနာကထပေလာခရန ေႏာငေႏးၾကန႔ၾကာမႈမားရ ေနျခငးသည နညးပညာ၊ စးပြားေရး၊ လမႈေရး ႏင အဖြ႕အစညးဆငရာ စနေခၚမႈမားက ႀကးမား ကယျပန႔စြာ တးပြားလာေစမညျဖစပါသည။

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Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development ● Oceans cover three-quarters of the Earth’s surface, contain 97% of the Earth’s water, and represent 99% of the living space on the planet by volume.● Globally, the market value of marine and coastal resources and industries is estimated at $3 trillion per year or about 5% of global GDP.● Globally, the levels of capture �sheries are near the ocean’s productive capacity, with catches on the order of 80 million tons.● Oceans contain nearly 200,000 identi�ed species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions.● Oceans absorb about 30% of carbon dioxide produced by humans, bu�ering the impacts of global warming.● Oceans serve as the world’s largest source of protein, with more than 3 billion people depending on the oceans as their primary source.● Marine �sheries directly or indirectly employ over 200 million people.● Subsidies for �shing are contributing to the rapid depletion of many �sh species and are preventing e�orts to save and restore global �sheries and related jobs, causing ocean �sheries to generate US$ 50 billion less per year.● As much as 40% of world oceans are heavily a�ected by human activities, including pollution, depleted �sheries, and loss of coastal habitats.

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• ကမၻာတစ၀မးတြင အ႑၀ါႏငကမးရးတမးအရငးအျမစမားႏင လပငနးမား၏ ေစးကြကတနဖး သည တစႏစလင အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၃ ထရလယ သ႔မဟတ ကမၻာ GDP ၏ ၅% ခန႔ရမညဟ ခန႔မနးပါသည။• တစကမၻာလးအတငးအတာျဖငၾကညပါက ငါးဖမးဆးရရမႈအဆငမားမာ တနခန ၈၀ သနးခန႔ႏင အတ သမဒၵရာပငးမ ထတလပ ေပးႏငသညေနရာမားအနးတြင ရေနပါသည။• သမဒၵရာမားတြင ေဖာထတရရၿပး မးစတေပါငး ၂၀၀၀၀၀ နးပါးရပါသည။ သ႔ေသာ အမနတကယ တညရေနမႈသည သနးေပါငးမားစြာထပင ရႏငပါသည။• သမဒၵရာမားသည လသားမားထတလႊတလကေသာ ကာဗြနဒငေအာကဆက၏ ၃၀% ခန႔က စပယေပးၿပး၊ ကမၻာႀကးပေႏြးလာမႈက ဟန႔ဆးေပးပါသည။• လေပါငး ၃ ဘလယ ေကာတ႔သည ၄ငးတ႔၏ အေျခခအစားအစာရငးျမစအျဖစ သမဒၵရာမားက မခေနထငစားေသာကၾကမႈႏငအတ သမဒၵရာမားသည ကမၻာႀကး၏ အႀကးမားဆး ပရတငးအရငး အျမစတစခအျဖစ ထမးေဆာငေပးလကရပါသည။• အ႑၀ါျပငေရလပငနးသည လေပါငး သနး ၂၀၀ ေကာက တကရကေသာလညးေကာငး၊ သြယ ၀က၍ေသာလညးေကာငး အလပအကငခန႔ထားေပးပါသည။• ငါးဖမးလပငနးအတြက အေထာကအပေပးျခငးမားသည ငါးမးစပမား အလငအျမန ေလာနညး ကဆငးသြားမႈက ျဖစေစၿပး၊ ကမၻာလးဆငရာ ငါးဖမးလပငနးမား ႏင ဆကစပ အလပအကငမား က ကယဆယထနးသမးေပးရန ႀကးပမးမားမႈမားကလညး အဟန႔အတားျဖစ ေစပါသည။ ေနာကဆကတြအေနျဖင သမဒၵရာပငးငါးဖမးလပငနးမ ရရေသာ၀ငေငြကလညး တစႏစလင အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၅၀ ဘလယ ေလာနညးေစပါသည။• ကမၻာေပၚရသမဒၵရာႀကးမား၏ ၄၀% ေလာကသည ညစညမးမႈ၊ ငါးသယဇာတေလာနညးမႈ ႏင ကမးရးတမးေနထငကကစားရာေနရာမား ဆးရႈးမႈတ႔အပါအ၀င လသားတ႔၏ေဆာငရြကမႈမား၏ အကးသကေရာကမႈ အမားအျပား ခစားၾကရပါသည။

ပနးတင(၁၄) စဥဆကမျပတ ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈက ျဖစ ေပၚေစရန ပငလယ၊ သမဒၵရာႏင ေရသယဇာတမား က ထနးသမးေစာငေရာကေရးႏင ေရရညတညတႏငသည နညးလမးျဖင အသးျပေရး• သမဒၵရာမားသည ကမၻာမကႏာျပင၏ ေလးပသးပက ဖးလႊမးထားၿပး ကမၻာေရထ၏ ၉၇% ပါ၀ငကာ၊ ထထညအားျဖင ကမၻာေပၚရ လေနထငသညေနရာ ၉၉%က ကယစားျပ ေနပါ သည။

ေရေအာကသကရေလာက

ထနးသမးေစာငေရာကေရး14

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Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosys tems, sustainably manage forests, combat deserti�cation, halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss ● Thirteen million hectares of forests are being lost every year.● Around 1.6 billion people depend on forests for their livelihood. This includes some 70 million indigenous people. Forests are home to more than 80% of all terrestrial species of animals, plants and insects.● 2.6 billion people depend directly on agriculture, but 52% of the land used for agricul ture is moderately or severely a�ected by soil degradation.● Due to drought and deserti�cation each year, 12 million hectares are lost (23 hectares per minute), where 20 million tons of grain could have been grown.● Of the 8,300 animal breeds known, 8% are extinct and 22% are at risk of extinction.● As many as 80% of people living in rural areas in developing countries rely on tradition -al plant-based medicines for basic healthcare.

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• ႏစစဥ သစေတာ ဟကတာ ၁၃ သနး ဆးရႈးလကရပါသည။• လဦးေရ ၁.၆ ဘလယခန႔သည ၄ငးတ႔၏အသကေမြး၀မးေကာငးလပငနးမားအတြက သစေတာ မားေပၚတြင မခအားထားေနၾကရပါသည။ ယငးတ႔အထတြင ေဒသခတငးရငးသား ၇၀ သနးခန႔ ပါ၀ငပါသည။ သစေတာမားသည ကမၻာေျမေပၚရ တရစၦာနမား၊ အပငမား ႏင အငးဆကပးမႊား မား အားလးတ႔၏ ၈၀% ေကာ ေနထငရာ ေနရာမားလညးျဖစပါသည။• လေပါငး ၂.၆ ဘလယတ႔သည စကပးေရးေပၚတြင တကရကမခအားထားေနၾကပါသည၊ သ႔ ေသာ စကပးေရးအတြကအသးျပေသာ ေျမယာမား၏ ၅၂% သည ေျမဆလႊာ ပကစးဆးရႈးမႈ ဒဏက အသငအတင သ႔မဟတ ဆးဆး၀ါး၀ါး ခစားေနရပါသည။ • ႏစစဥ မးေခါငမႈ သ႔မဟတ ကႏရျဖစထြနးမႈတ႔ေၾကာင ဟကတာ ၁၂ သနး (တစမနစလင ၂၃ ဟကတာ) ဆးရႈးေနပါသည။ ယငးေျမယာပမာဏအေပၚတြင ဆနးစပါးတနခန သနး ၂၀ စကပး ႏငပါသည။ • ေမြးျမေရးတရစၦာန ၈၃၀၀ အနက ၈% မာ ကြယေပာကသြားၿပး၊ ၂၂% မာ ကြယေပာကမည အႏရာယႏင ႀကေတြ႕ေနရပါသည။• ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားရ ေကးလကေဒသမားတြငေနထငၾကေသာ ျပညသ ၈၀% မာ ၄ငးတ႔၏ကနးမာ ေရးေစာငေရာကမႈအတြက အပငမရရေသာ တငးရငးေဆး၀ါးမားအေပၚတြင မခအားထားေနၾက ပါသည။

ပနးတင(၁၅) ကမၻာလးဆငရာေဂဟစနစအား ကာကြယ ထနးသမးၿပး ေရရညတညတေအာင အသးျပေရး၊ သစ ေတာမား ေရရညတညတေစရန စမခန႔ခြေရး ႏင သ ကႏာရမား ျဖစထြနးမႈ ပေပာကေစေရး၊ ေျမယာ ျပနးတးယယြငးပကစးမႈ ရပတေစေရးႏင ဇ၀ မးစမး ကြမား ျပနးတးမႈ ရပတေစေရး

ေျမေပၚသကရေလာက

ထနးသမးေစာငေရာကေရး15

United Nations

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Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable develop- ment, provide access to justice for all and build e�ective, account- able and inclusive institutions at all levels ● The number of refugees of concern to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stood at 13 million in mid-2014, up from a year earlier. ● Corruption, bribery, theft and tax evasion cost some US $1.26 trillion for developing countries per year.● The rate of children leaving primary school in con�ict-a�ected countries reached 50% in 2011, which amounts to 28.5 million children.

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• ၂၀၁၄ ခႏစ ႏစလညပငးတြင ကလသမဂၢဒကၡသညမားဆငရာမဟာမငးႀကးမ တာ၀နယ ေဆာင ရြကေနေသာ ဒကၡသညအေရအတြကသည ၁၃ သနး ရေနၿပး၊ လြနခသညတစႏစကထက တး တကမားျပားလာပါသည။• လာဘေပးလာဘယမႈ၊ အဂတလကစားမႈ၊ ခးမႈ ႏင အခြနေရာငတမးမႈမားသည ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမား အတြက ႏစစဥ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ၁.၂၆ ထြလယ ဆးရႈးေစပါသည။• ပဋပကၡျဖစပြားေနေသာ တငးျပညမားရ မလတနးအဆငေကာငးမားမ ကေလးမား ႏႈတထြကမႈ ႏႈနးသည ၂၀၁၁ ခႏစတြင ၅၀% ထေရာကရခၿပး၊ ယငးပမာဏသည ကေလးသငယ အေရ အတြက ၂၈.၅ သနး ျဖစပါသည။

ပနးတင (၁၆) စဥဆကမျပတဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကေရးအတြက ၿငမးခမး၍ အားလးပါ၀ငႏငေသာ လ႔မႈအဖြ႕ အစညးမား ျဖစေပၚတးတကေရး၊ အားလးအတြက တရားမတမႈ ရရေစေရး ႏင အဆငတငး၌ ထေရာကမႈရ ေသာ၊ တာ၀နယမႈ/တာ၀နခမႈရေသာ၊ လတငးအကး၀ငေသာ အဖြ႕အစညးမား ထေထာငေရး

ၿငမးခမးေရး ႏင တရား

မတမႈ တညေဆာကေရး16

United Nations

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Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development ● O�cial development assistance (ODA) stood at approximately $135 billion in 2014.● In 2014, 79% of imports from developing countries entered developed countries duty-free.● The debt burden on developing countries remains stable at about 3% of export reve nue.● The number of internet users in Africa almost doubled in the past four years.● As of 2015, 95% of the world’s population is covered by a mobile-cellular signal.● 30% of the world’s youth are digital natives, active online for at least �ve years.● Internet penetration has grown from just over 6% of the world’s population in 2000 to 43% in 2015.● But more than four billion people do not use the Internet, and 90% of them are from the developing world.

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• တရား၀ငဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈအေထာကအပ (ODA) သည ၂၀၁၄ ခႏစတြင ခန႔မနးေျခအားျဖင အေမရကန ေဒၚလာ ၁၃၅ ဘလယ ရပါသည။• ၂၀၁၄ ခႏစတြင ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားမ သြငးကနမား၏ ၇၉% မာ ဖြ႕ၿဖးၿပးႏငငမားသ႔ အခြနကငး လြတခြငျဖင ၀ငေရာကခပါသည။• ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားအေပၚတြင ေၾကြးၿမ၀နထပ၀နပးသည ပ႔ကနအခြနေငြ၏ ၃% ခန႔၌ ဆကလက တညရေနပါသည။• လြနခေသာ ၄ ႏစအတြငး အာဖရကရ အငတာနကအသးျပသအေရအတြကမာ ႏစဆနးပါး တး တကလာခပါသည။• ၂၀၁၅ ခႏစအထ ကမၻာလဦးေရ၏ ၉၅% မာ မဘငး-ဆယလလာစနစ လႊမးၿခမႈအတြငး ရေနပါ သည။• ကမၻာေပၚရလငယမား၏ ၃၀% မာ အနညးဆး ၅ ႏစအတြငး ဒစဂစတယနညးပညာ ႏင အြန လငးဆကသြယမႈတ႔က အသးျပ ေနၾကပါသည။• အငတာနကထးေဖာက၀ငေရာကမႈႏႈနးမာ ၂၀၀၀ ခႏစတြင ကမၻာလဦးေရ၏ ၆% ေကာသာရေန ရာမ ၂၀၁၅ ခႏစတြင ၄၃% သ႔ တးတကလာပါသည။• သ႔ေသာ လေပါငး ၄ ဘလယေကာမာ အငတာနကအသးျပျခငးမရဘ၊ ယငးတ႔ထမ ၉၀% မာ ဖြ႕ၿဖးဆႏငငမားမ ျဖစပါသည။

ပနးတင(၁၇) အေကာငအထညေဖာ ေဆာငရြကမႈဆင ရာ နညးလမးမား ခငမာအားေကာငးေစေရးႏင စဥ ဆကမျပတ ဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈအတြက ကမၻာလး ဆငရာ ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကမႈမား ရငသနအားေကာငး ေစေရး

ရညမနးခကမားအားလးအတြက မတဖကပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကေရး

17

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