Goal 1 (#1-9)

Learner will develop abilities necessary to do and understand

scientific inquiry.

Number the following in order of the Scientific Method.

• ___ Collect/Analyze Data • ___ Hypothesis becomes a Theory • ___ Conclusion/Modifications • ___ Hypothesis• ___ Identify Problem• ___ Experiment• ___ Research/Background/ Observations

5

7

6 3

1

4

2

• Suzie Q wants to know how different colors of light effect the growth of plants. She believes that plants can survive the best in white light. She buys 5 ferns of the same species, which are all approximately the same age and height. She places one in white light and one in the closet. All of the ferns are planted in Miracle-Grow and given 20 mL of water once a day for 2 weeks. After the two weeks, Suzie observes the plants and makes measurements.

• Hypothesis:• Variable:• Control:• Conclusion:

Plants will survive better in white light.White LightDark

Goal 2

Learner will develop an understanding of the physical,

chemical and cellular basis of life.

Macromolecules (2.01)

• Carbohydrates– Made of:– Examples:– Test:

SugarsGlucose, sucrose, fructose, glycogen, starch celluloseBenedicts solution (blue yellow) or Iodine (brown black)

Macromolecules (2.01)

• Nucleic Acids– Made of:– Examples: – Test:

Nucleotide (sugar, phosphate, base)DNA or RNANone

Macromolecules (2.01)

• Lipids– Made of:– Examples:– Test:

Fatty acids and glycerolphospholipidsNewspaper or brownbag (opaque transparent)

Macromolecules (2.01)

• Proteins– Made of:– Examples:– Test:

Amino AcidsENZYMESBiuret Solution (blue purple)

Question 1

• The brown paper test for lipids is positive when food is placed on the paper and a spot forms which will allow light to pass through it. Which food would give the strongest positive test for lipids?A. potato chipsB. breadC. sugarD. carrots

Enzymes (2.04)

• speed up reaction by _________________ activation energy.

• are _______________, have only one substrate.

• Are denatured by ______ and ___________________.

• reusable catalyst

decreasing

specific

pHtemperature

• Examples: Amylase (saliva)Catalase (liver)Protease (stomach)Lipase (intestine)

SUBSTRATE

ENZYME

PRODUCT

Active site

ENZYME DOES NOT CHANGE SHAPE!!!

Question 2

• Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures?A. They have been converted to tripeptides.B. Their water content has been reduced.C. Their bonding structure has been changed.D. They have combined with another enzyme.

Cells (2.02)

• Prokaryotic Cells– DO NOT have (lack)

nucleus– NO organelles– Smallest cells – Simplest cells– EX) BACTERIA and

ARCHAE

DNA

capsaid

CELL MEMBRANE

RIBOSOMES

• Eukaryotic Cells– Have nucleus– Have organelles– Can be unicellular or

multicellular organisms

PLANT

ANIMAL

ribosome

nucleus

vacuole

mitochondria

Cell membrane

Cell wall

mitochondria

nucleusribosome

Question 3

• A student examines a cell under the microscope and determines that it is a eukaryote. Which structure did the student identify in order to come to this conclusion?A. VacuoleB. NucleusC. cell wallD. ribosome

Organelles: Identify the organelle and if it if found in a plant or animal cell

• ________ Make food using _______________– Chlorophyll- green pigment that captures light

• ________ Use food to make _________• ________ Enzymes that breakdown materials• ________ Regulates what enters and

leaves cell• ________ Support and protects cells• ________ Contains genetic info (_________)• ________ Makes protein

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

Lysosome

Cell membrane

Cell wall NucleusRibosomes

sunlight

Energy (ATP)

DNA

Plant Cell

• Nucleus• Cell wall• Chloroplast• DNA• Mitochondria• Ribosomes• Cell membrane• LARGE vacuole

Animal Cell

• Nucleus• Lysosomes• DNA• Mitochondria• Ribosomes• Cell membrane

Both• Nucleus• DNA• Mitochondria• Ribosomes• Cell membrane

Question 4

• While observing an Elodea plant cell through a microscope, a student noticed some small, moving green disks. These organelles were most likely which of the following?A. ChloroplastsB. leucoplastsC. mitochondriaD. ribosomes

• Cell Specialization in multicellular organisms– Neuron = communication– Red Blood Cell = transport oxygen– White Blood Cell= fight infection– Skin cell = protection

Cell Homeostasis (2.03)

• Cell Membrane and Transport

PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

• Semi-permable– Allows some materials (small, nonpolar) to enter

and leave cell

Question 5

• What is the function of a cell’s selectively permeable membrane?A. to regulate energy production in the cellB. to keep mitochondria from using nuclear

materialC. to maintain a constant lipid-protein ratio in the

cellD. to control materials entering and leaving the cell

Passive

Diffusion

Osmosis

Active

Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy (ATP)

Movement of molecules from a high to low concentration

Movement of WATER from a high to low concentration

Question 6

• A cell with 5% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 1% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell over time?

A. The cell will gain H2O and expand.B. The cell will lose H2O and shrink.C. The cell will both gain and lose equal amounts of H2O; thus, it will remain the same size.D.The cell will undergo no exchange of H2O with its surroundings.

Question 7

• What regulates the flow of water through a cell membrane?A. the concentration of solutesB. the absence of a cell wallC. the thickness of the membraneD. the presence of the cell wall

Question 8

• Which of the following statements concerning diffusion and active transport is correct?A. Both diffusion and active transport require cell

energy.B. Neither diffusion nor active transport requires cell

energy.C. Diffusion requires cell energy while active

transport does not.D. Active transport requires cell energy while

diffusion does not.

light Cellular respiration ATPPhotosynthesis

Cell Energy (2.04)

CO2

H2O

C6H12O6

O2

CO2

H2O

• Photosynthesis Equation:CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

• Cellular Respiration Equation:C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP

Cellular Respiration

Aerobic-• uses oxygen• Makes more ATP (36)

Anaerobic-• NO oxygen• Makes less ATP (2)• AKA fermentation

– Lactic acid = muscle burn– Alcoholic = bread, wine,

cheese

Question 9

• Cellular respiration is carried out by which of the following?A. all living organisms all of the timeB. animals but not plantsC. animals all of the time but plants only at nightD. heterotrophs but not autotrophs

How obtain nutrients?

Autotroph• Make their own food

– Chemosynthesis or photosynthesis

– Ex) plants, protists, bacteria

Heterotroph• Eat/ingest food

– Ex) carnivore– E) omnivore– Ex) herbivore– Ex) decomposer

Goal 1 & 2

Questions 1-18

Question 1

• The brown paper test for lipids is positive when food is placed on the paper and a spot forms which will allow light to pass through it. Which food would give the strongest positive test for lipids?A. potato chipsB. breadC. sugarD. carrots

Question 1

• The brown paper test for lipids is positive when food is placed on the paper and a spot forms which will allow light to pass through it. Which food would give the strongest positive test for lipids?A. potato chipsB. breadC. sugarD. carrots

Question 2

• Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures?A. They have been converted to tripeptides.B. Their water content has been reduced.C. Their bonding structure has been changed.D. They have combined with another enzyme.

Question 2

• Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures?A. They have been converted to tripeptides.B. Their water content has been reduced.C. Their bonding structure has been changed.D. They have combined with another enzyme.

Question 3

• A student examines a cell under the microscope and determines that it is a eukaryote. Which structure did the student identify in order to come to this conclusion?A. VacuoleB. NucleusC. cell wallD. ribosome

Question 3

• A student examines a cell under the microscope and determines that it is a eukaryote. Which structure did the student identify in order to come to this conclusion?A. VacuoleB. NucleusC. cell wallD. ribosome

Question 4

• While observing an Elodea plant cell through a microscope, a student noticed some small, moving green disks. These organelles were most likely which of the following?A. ChloroplastsB. leucoplastsC. mitochondriaD. ribosomes

Question 4

• While observing an Elodea plant cell through a microscope, a student noticed some small, moving green disks. These organelles were most likely which of the following?A. ChloroplastsB. leucoplastsC. mitochondriaD. ribosomes

Question 5

• What is the function of a cell’s selectively permeable membrane?A. to regulate energy production in the cellB. to keep mitochondria from using nuclear

materialC. to maintain a constant lipid-protein ratio in the

cellD. to control materials entering and leaving the cell

Question 5

• What is the function of a cell’s selectively permeable membrane?A. to regulate energy production in the cellB. to keep mitochondria from using nuclear

materialC. to maintain a constant lipid-protein ratio in the

cellD. to control materials entering and leaving the cell

Question 6

• A cell with 5% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 1% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell over time?

A. The cell will gain H2O and expand.B. The cell will lose H2O and shrink.C. The cell will both gain and lose equal amounts of H2O; thus, it will remain the same size.D.The cell will undergo no exchange of H2O with its surroundings.

Question 6

• A cell with 5% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 1% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell over time?

A. The cell will gain H2O and expand.B. The cell will lose H2O and shrink.C. The cell will both gain and lose equal amounts of H2O; thus, it will remain the same size.D.The cell will undergo no exchange of H2O with its surroundings.

Question 7

• What regulates the flow of water through a cell membrane?A. the concentration of solutesB. the absence of a cell wallC. the thickness of the membraneD. the presence of the cell wall

Question 7

• What regulates the flow of water through a cell membrane?A. the concentration of solutesB. the absence of a cell wallC. the thickness of the membraneD. the presence of the cell wall

Question 8

• Which of the following statements concerning diffusion and active transport is correct?A. Both diffusion and active transport require cell

energy.B. Neither diffusion nor active transport requires cell

energy.C. Diffusion requires cell energy while active

transport does not.D. Active transport requires cell energy while

diffusion does not.

Question 8

• Which of the following statements concerning diffusion and active transport is correct?A. Both diffusion and active transport require cell

energy.B. Neither diffusion nor active transport requires cell

energy.C. Diffusion requires cell energy while active

transport does not.D. Active transport requires cell energy while

diffusion does not.

Question 9

• Cellular respiration is carried out by which of the following?A. all living organisms all of the timeB. animals but not plantsC. animals all of the time but plants only at nightD. heterotrophs but not autotrophs

Question 9

• Cellular respiration is carried out by which of the following?A. all living organisms all of the timeB. animals but not plantsC. animals all of the time but plants only at nightD. heterotrophs but not autotrophs

ATP!!!

Question 10

• The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence or absence of which of the following?A. membrane-bound organellesB. CytoplasmC. a cell membraneD. nucleic acids

Question 10

• The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence or absence of which of the following?A. membrane-bound organellesB. CytoplasmC. a cell membraneD. nucleic acids

Question 11

• Which of the following is found only in eukaryotic cells?A. cell membraneB. CytoplasmC. DNAD. mitochondria

Question 11

• Which of the following is found only in eukaryotic cells?A. cell membraneB. CytoplasmC. DNAD. mitochondria

Question 12

• At which organelle are proteins manufactured?A. MitochondrionB. NucleusC. RibosomeD. Vacuole

Question 12

• At which organelle are proteins manufactured?A. MitochondrionB. NucleusC. RibosomeD. Vacuole

Made, produced, synthesized

Question 13

• A plant has been removed from its natural environment and placed into a body of water that contains more salt than the inside of each plant cell. This situation is most similar to which of the following events?

• A a sea plant put into fresh water• B a freshwater plant put into sea water• C a sea plant put into distilled water• D a land plant put into tap water

Question 13

• A plant has been removed from its natural environment and placed into a body of water that contains more salt than the inside of each plant cell. This situation is most similar to which of the following events?

• A a sea plant put into fresh water• B a freshwater plant put into sea water• C a sea plant put into distilled water• D a land plant put into tap water

Question 14

• While cleaning a saltwater aquarium, students placed the aquarium plants in a container of distilled water. What effect will this have on the plants?

• A The plant cells will separate.• B The plant cells will shrink.• C The plant cells will swell.• D The plant cells will remain the• same.

Question 14

• While cleaning a saltwater aquarium, students placed the aquarium plants in a container of distilled water. What effect will this have on the plants?

• A The plant cells will separate.• B The plant cells will shrink.• C The plant cells will swell.• D The plant cells will remain the same.

Question 15

• What would happen to a marine protozoan if removed from its normal habitat and placed into a freshwater pool?A. loss of water through osmosisB. loss of water through active transportC. gain of water through osmosisD. gain of water through active transport

Question 15

• What would happen to a marine protozoan if removed from its normal habitat and placed into a freshwater pool?A. loss of water through osmosisB. loss of water through active transportC. gain of water through osmosisD. gain of water through active transport

Question 16

• In the lungs, the movement of carbon dioxide out of cells and oxygen into cells can best be explained by which of the following processes?A. active transportB. DiffusionC. EndocytosisD. osmosis

Question 16

• In the lungs, the movement of carbon dioxide out of cells and oxygen into cells can best be explained by which of the following processes?A. active transportB. DiffusionC. EndocytosisD. osmosis

• Two students set up the following apparatus in a lab. A pipette was filled with a mixture of yeast and apple juice and inverted in a test tube filled with warm water. The students observed bubbles being released from the end of the pipette.

Question 17

• Which of the following most likely represents the gas being released?A. carbon dioxideB. hydrogen peroxideC. OxygenD. nitrogen

Question 17

• Which of the following most likely represents the gas being released?A. carbon dioxideB. hydrogen peroxideC. OxygenD. nitrogen

Question 18

• Which of the following processes releases the most ATP per molecule of glucose for immediate cell use?A. aerobic respirationB. anaerobic respirationC. ChemosynthesisD. photosynthesis

Question 18

• Which of the following processes releases the most ATP per molecule of glucose for immediate cell use?A. aerobic respirationB. anaerobic respirationC. ChemosynthesisD. photosynthesis