goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

66
1914- 1918: The World at War

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Page 1: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

1914-1918:

The Worldat War

1914-1918:

The Worldat War

Page 2: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Causesof theWar

Causesof theWar

Page 3: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

There had been relative peace in Europe for 100 years prior to WWI.

But……..

Page 4: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

CAUSES

Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Page 5: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Alliances Form Triple Alliance

(Central powers)

Triple entente

(Allied Powers) Germany Turkey (Ottoman Empire) Austria-Hungary

Britain France Russia

Page 6: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1
Page 7: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The Major Players: 1914-17

The Major Players: 1914-17

Nicholas II [Rus]

Nicholas II [Rus]

George V [Br]George V [Br]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Allied Powers:Allied Powers:

Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]

Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Central Powers:Central Powers:

Enver Pasha[Turkey]

Enver Pasha[Turkey]

Page 8: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

BALKANS

Powder Keg of Europe Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia

– This infuriated the Serbs

Archduke Francis Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) is assassinated and Serbia is held responsible.

Page 9: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

The“Powder

Keg”of Europe

The“Powder

Keg”of Europe

Page 10: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The

“Spark”

The

“Spark”

Page 11: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

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The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassination: Sarajevo

Page 13: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The Assassin: The Assassin:

GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip

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American PosterAmerican Poster

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Financing the WarFinancing the War

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German PosterGerman Poster

Page 17: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War

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The Western Front:

A “War of

Attrition”

The Western Front:

A “War of

Attrition”

Page 19: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

WESTERN FRONT

3 year stalemate Trench warfare

– Huge casualities – Example – Battle of Verdun – Germans lost

330,000 – took 11 months– By 1916 there were 2 million casualities

Page 20: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The Western FrontThe Western Front

Page 21: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Page 22: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

“No Man’s Land”

“No Man’s Land”

Page 23: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Verdun – February, 1916

Verdun – February, 1916

e German offensive.

e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

e German offensive.

e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

Page 24: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916

e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

Page 25: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!

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Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War

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Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

Page 28: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

TheEastern

Front

TheEastern

Front

Page 29: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

EASTERN FRONT

Russians and Serbs VS Germans, Austrians and Turks

Millions died Germans had to fight on 2 fronts but they

began to freeze to death in Russia. Russia Pulls out because of Revolution

Page 30: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The“Colonial

”Fronts

The“Colonial

”Fronts

Page 31: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Page 32: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

Black Soldiers in the German

Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Black Soldiers in the German

Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Page 33: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

Page 34: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Fighting in Salonika, Greece

Fighting in Salonika, Greece

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

Page 35: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

COLLAPSE OF EASTERN FRONT

With Russia out the Central Powers put all of their resources into western front.

Situation looks grave until Italy and the US join forces with the allies.

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United States declares neutrality

Progressives– Safer factories to kill

them?

American Union Against Militarism

Immigrant nation is divided– Irish immigrants

favored Germany (free homeland from British)

Page 37: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Freedom of the Seas

Could trade non-military goods to both sides

Britain blockaded Germany– U.S. couldn’t sell to Germany

After forbidding U.S. to sell cotton to Germany, it agreed to buy it to make up losses

U.S. loans to Allies equaled 2 billion, loans to Germany 27 million

Page 38: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Lives versus Money

U.S. was in greatest economic boom ever

German submarine policy threatened American lives

Page 39: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

U Boat Threat

Traditional law– Required submarine surface– Warn target to stop– Send a boarding party to check papers

and cargo– Allow time for passengers to board life

boats

Germany would sink ships without checking cargo

Germany agreed to not target U.S. ships

Issue was Americans on belligerent nations ships

Sec of State Byran wanted to tell Americans not to travel in war zones

President Wilson said NO

Page 40: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

America

Joinsthe

Allies

America

Joinsthe

Allies

Page 41: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

German Submarine Warfare Germans had declared unrestricted sub

warfare Lusitania is sunk – carrying 128 Americans

– 1000 dead– Germans say the passenger ship is carrying

munitions – Brits deny– Ship sinks in under 20 minutes– Germans also sink the Sussex

The Sussex Pledge between U.S. and Germany

Page 42: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Sinking of the Lusitania

Page 43: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM

Secret message from Germany to Mexico– If Mexico allies with the Central Powers it

could gain New Mexico, Arizona and Texas• Land lost in 1848

**Telegram intercepted – Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany to “Make the World Safe for Democracy”

Page 44: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The Zimmerman Telegram

The Zimmerman Telegram

Page 45: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The YanksAre

Coming!

The YanksAre

Coming!

Page 46: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Doughboys deploy

Arrive in France in June 1917

2 million Americans will serve overseas

General Pershing is given command of the American Expeditionary Force

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Americans in the Trenches

Americans in the Trenches

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The War of the

Industrial Revolution:

NewTechnology

The War of the

Industrial Revolution:

NewTechnology

Page 49: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank

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British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres

Page 51: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

U-BoatsU-Boats

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Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

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The AirplaneThe Airplane

“Squadron Over the Brenta”

Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

“Squadron Over the Brenta”

Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

Page 54: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The Flying Aces of World War I

The Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]

Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

Page 55: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Page 56: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

Page 57: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin

Page 58: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

FlameThrowers

FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchersGrenade

Launchers

Page 59: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

Poison Gas

Poison Gas

Machine Gun

Machine Gun

Page 60: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

“Art”of

WorldWar I

“Art”of

WorldWar I

Page 61: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

Page 62: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

Page 63: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”

Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”

Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

Page 64: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

Page 65: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

Page 66: Goal # 8 notes for wwi 1

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies

50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died