goalsfood provision

7/31/2019 GoalsFood Provision

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Food ProvisionHARVESTING SEAFOOD SUSTAINABLY

Seafood is a fundamental component of our diet, helping to serve the basicprotein needs of more than half of the worlds population.

The Food Provision goal measures the amount of seafood harvested for

human consumption and how sustainably it is. Sustainable harvest means thatseafood was caught or captured in a renewable way given the marineecosystems productive potential.

Global Goal Score

:Likely Future State

+ 13 %Goal By Country

What is This? *The estimate of a goals likely near-term futurestatus is a function of four dimensions: Status,Trend, Pressure, and Resilience.

How Does YourCountry Compare?

Food Provision is divided into two sub-goals: Wild-caught commercial seafood and Mariculture,or ocean-farmed seafood. The more seafood harvested or cultured sustainably, the higher thegoal score. The wild-caught commercial seafood sub-goal evaluates the ability to obtainmaximal wild harvests without damaging the oceans ability to continue providing fish for people

in the future. Sustainable harvest of wild-caught seafood avoids excessively high exploitation oftarget species, and does not target threatened populations. Additionally, pressures uponsurrounding habitats and high bycatch may influence the resilience of the ecosystem and,indirectly, the productivity of the fisheries.

Sustainable mariculture supports food provisioning needs through practices that can bemaintained over the long term. This includes not compromising the water quality in the farmedarea and not relying on wild populations to feed or replenish the cultivated species.

Sub-Goals

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Some mariculture practices, although they do not compromise future harvests, may impact thedelivery of other goals, through habitat destruction and accidental release of non-native species.These factors do not affect the sustainability of mariculture, but their impact on thesustainability of other goals is captured as pressures when assessing such goals.

Wild Caught Fisheries

Why Are Wild Caught FisheriesImportant?Seafood caught in the wild is the main source of protein for more thanone-fifth of the worlds population. This sub-goal evaluates the abilityto obtain maximal wild harvests without damaging the oceans ability tocontinue providing fish for people in the future.

The sustainable harvest of wild-caught seafood avoids the exploitationof target species and does not target threatened populations.

Additionally, high bycatch and pressures upon surrounding habitatsmay influence ecosystem resilience and, indirectly, the productivity offisheries. These aspects are captured in the resilience dimension of thisgoal.

Daniel Pauly

Global Sub-Goal Score

;Likely Future State

+ 13 %What is This? *The estimate of a goals likely near-term future

status is a function of four dimensions: Status,Trend, Pressure, and Resilience.

What Does This Score Mean?

The reference point for Fisheries is for the total landed biomass of wild-caught fish to be nomore than 75% of the multispecies Maximum Sustainable Yield (mMSY). The mMSY wascalculated by summing the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) for all key species.

The reference point is set 25% below mMSY to protect against the possibility that mMSY mightoverestimate the amount of fish that could be safely caught. It minimizes the possibility foroverfishing and serves as a reference point for the maximum possible amount of fish that canbe caught sustainably within a region. Countries are penalized for harvests above or below thisreference level.

A score of 100 would indicate that a countrys commercial fisheries are sustainably catching atotal amount of fish that is as large as it can be without jeopardizing future catches.

The current score of 25 indicates that mostcountries are significantly below their

sustainable target values. Some countries are jeopardizing their future landings withunsustainable yields, while others are notproducing as much wild-caught seafood asthey could.

Current Score


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A low score indicates one of two things that seafood is being caught in an unsustainablemanner, or countries are not maximizing the potential to catch as much as sustainably possiblewithin their marine waters.

N/A 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


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Download Infographic

How Is It Measured?EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED ON THE BASIS OF FOUR DIMENSIONS.

Present Status is a goal's currentvalue (based on the most recent

Present StatusTrend is the average percentchange in the present status for

TrendPressures are the sum of theecological and social pressures

PressuresResilience is the sum of theecological factors and social

Resilience


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available data) compared to areference point.

the most recent 5 years of data. that negatively affect scores fora goal.

initiatives (policies, laws, etc)that can positively affect scoresfor a goal by reducing oreliminating pressures.

Pressures are human-caused stressors that influence both ecological and socialsystems, negatively affecting the ability of a goal to deliver its benefits to people.

Pressures

Chemical Pollution Nutrient Pollution Habitat Destruction SoftBottom Subtidal

Habitat Destruction HardBottom Subtidal

Habitat DestructionIntertidal

Alien Species Genetic Escapes Commercial Fishing HighBycatch

Commercial Fishing LowBycatch

Social Pressure

Artisanal Fishing LowBycatch

Artisanal Fishing HighBycatch

Status refers to the current value of a goal relative to its goal-specific referencepoint. The reference point is the best condition for a goal that can reasonably beachieved; it is a target to aim for when taking actions to improve ocean health.

Status

Fisheries MultispeciesMaximum SustainableYield

Fish Oil Degree OfExploitation Of FishedStocks

Resilience refers to the social, institutional, and ecological factors that positivelyaffect the ability of a goal to deliver its benefits to people.

Resilience

CBD Habitat Marine Protected AreasEEZ

Fisheries ManagementEffectiveness

Ecological Integrity Quality Of Governance

Artisanal Fishing Need


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Mariculture

ReferencesFAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 569. Rome, FAO. 2011. 334 pp.

FAO The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. 2010.

MPAtlas. www.mpatlas.org.

Why Is Mariculture Important? As humanitys population continues to expand, we must increasinglyrely upon new and improved methods for cultivating food on land andin the ocean. The term aquaculture refers to the cultivation in water(fresh and saltwater) of animals or plants for human consumption.Mariculture refers to the commercial harvest of seafood that is farm-raised in the ocean and along the coast.

Sustainable mariculture supports food-provisioning needs throughpractices that can be maintained over the long term. This includes notcompromising the water quality in the farmed area and not relying onwild populations to feed or replenish the cultivated species.

Some mariculture practices, although they do not compromise futureharvests, may impact the delivery of other goals through habitatdestruction and accidental release of non-native species. Thesefactors do not affect the sustainability of mariculture, but their impactupon the sustainability of other goals is captured as pressures whenassessing such goals.

Dr. Andrew Rosenberg

Global Sub-Goal Score

,Likely Future State

+ 16 %What is This? *The estimate of a goals likely near-term future

status is a function of four dimensions: Status,Trend, Pressure, and Resilience.


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What Does This Score Mean?

The reference point for mariculture is the amount of fish and seafood produced per kilometer ofeligible coastline in the most productive country which, at the time of study, was China. Thescore for each country indicates how close its current yield is to that reference point.

A high score can mean that a country is sustainably harvesting as close to the maximumamount of farmed fish and seafood as possible based on its own potential. A low score canindicate one of two things that fish and seafood is being farmed in an unsustainable manneror that countries are not maximizing the potential to farm fish and seafood in their marineterritory.

The current score of 10 indicates that most

countries are not sustainably producing theamounts of farmed fish and seafood that theypotentially could.

However, it is important to note that thereference point is likely too high for mostcountries, due the fact that all near-shorehabitat was included as "potentially suitablefor mariculture". In reality, depending on thetype of species cultivated, there are certainhabitat requirements, but to predict themwould require high resolution spatialinformation on habitat, currents, productivity,etc. that are not available at the global scale.

Current Score

,

N/A 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


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Download Infographic

How Is It Measured?EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED ON THE BASIS OF FOUR DIMENSIONS.

Present Status is a goal's currentvalue (based on the most recentavailable data) compared to areference point.

Present StatusTrend is the average percentchange in the present status forthe most recent 5 years of data.

TrendPressures are the sum of theecological and social pressuresthat negatively affect scores fora goal.

PressuresResilience is the sum of theecological factors and socialinitiatives (policies, laws, etc)that can positively affect scoresfor a goal by reducing oreliminatin ressures.

Resilience


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.

Pressures are human-caused stressors that influence both ecological and socialsystems, negatively affecting the ability of a goal to deliver its benefits to people.

Pressures

Chemical Pollution Nutrient Pollution Social Pressure

Status refers to the current value of a goal relative to its goal-specific referencepoint. The reference point is the best condition for a goal that can reasonably beachieved; it is a target to aim for when taking actions to improve ocean health.

Status

Mariculture Yield

Resilience refers to the social, institutional, and ecological factors that positively

affect the ability of a goal to deliver its benefits to people.

Resilience

CBD Water CBD Mariculture Mariculture Regulations Quality Of Governance

ReferencesFAO The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. 2010

Trujilo, Pablo. 2007.


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