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GOES Instrument CONOPS Considerations

Tim WalshGOES-R Program

With support from Tom Renkevens, Mike Madden, Monica Coakley, Tim Schmit, Brian Hughes and others

4th GOES-R Users’ ConferenceBroomfield, CO

Tuesday, May 2, 2006

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Topics

• Today’s Constellation• Typical Scanning Scenarios• Tasking Impacts • Special Tasking• ABI and HES Modes• Trade Studies• Points for Consideration• Summary

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Today’s GOES Constellation

GOES-10135 deg W

GOES-1275 deg W

GOES-11ZAP Storage105 deg W

GOES-9Slow drift east

GOES-8Deorbited 5/2/04

350km high

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Instrument Scan ScenariosCurrent Constellation

• Routine– 3 hour sequence– full disk scan, followed by five half-hour sequences that

include extended northern hemi, CONUS, and southern hemi scans

• Full-Disk– Full disks every half hour (with BB cals and stars)

• Rapid Scan Operations (RSO)– Doubles CONUS coverage (to 4X per half hour)– Drops Southern Hemi coverage– Full disks every three hours for synoptic coverage – Super Rapid Scan Operations (SRSO) is a subset of RSO

that provides up to 1 min. scanning over specified areas (canned sectors or lat/lon)

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GOES-East Imager Scanning

26:06

14:15

4:48

4:49

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Typical Instrument OutagesCurrent Constellation

• Daily Housekeeping – up to four 10-minute periods, each separated by 6 hours– Momentum unloading– Image Motion Compensation (IMC) coefficient uploads– Solar Array and Trim Tab daily repositioning– On-Board Clock Reset– Space Environment Monitoring calibration (weekly)

• Stationkeeping Maneuvers– East-West - ~ every 3 months – 1.5 hour outage– North-South – yearly – 2.5 hour outage

• Eclipse and Instrument Keep-Out-Zones (KOZ)– See following example

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Eclipse and KOZ Outages Current Constellation

• Seasonal outages for a 74 day period (Aug 12, 2005 to October 24, 2005)– 27 hours outage due to keep out zones– 94 hours outage due to eclipse

• Imaging Day 287 (October 14, 2005)– 10 minute outage due to keep out zones (KOZ)– 65 minute outage due to eclipse (ECL)

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GOES East Schedule (October 14, 2005)

• 02:45:00 FULL DISK 26:06• 03:31:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48• 03:39:10 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:49• 03:45:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15• 04:01:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48• 04:09:10 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:49• 04:15:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15• 04:31:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48• 04:39:10 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:49• 04:45:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15• 05:01:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48• 05:09:10 LIMITED SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:32• 05:15:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15• 05:31:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48• 05:39:10 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:49• 05:45:00 FULL DISK 26:06• 06:15:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15

~10 min outage (KOZ)

~65 min outage (ECL)

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Eclipse Outage Comparisons

• GOES-I/M Series– No imaging during eclipse

– No imaging when solar intrusion angle less than 6 degrees

– 0 - 3 hour daily outage based on both eclipse and keep out zone

• GOES-NOP Series– Imaging during eclipse

• Batteries sized to provide operation through maximum eclipse period (~72 minutes)

– No imaging when solar intrusion angle less than 6 degrees• Solar intrusion similar to GOES-I/M (similar instruments)

– 0 - 2 hour daily outage based only on keep out zones

• GOES-R Series– 0 - 1 hour daily outage based only on Keep Out Zones

• Smaller solar intrusion angle than GOES-I/M imager

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Eclipse/KOZ Imager OutagesCurrent Constellation

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

224 229 234 239 244 249 254 259 264 269 274 279 284 289 294

Days

Min

utes

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GOES Rapid Scan Operations Tasking

National Center forEnvironmental Prediction

(NWS/NCEP)

Satellite AnalysisBranch

(NESDIS/OSDPD)

Satellite OperationsControl Center(NESDIS/OSO)Maneuvers, eclipses and other periodic events;

Spacecraft, instrument or GS anomalies

Rapid, Super-Rapid or other special

Imaging Requests

Tropical Prediction Center (TPC)Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC)Storm Prediction Center (SPC)Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC)Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG)NWS Forecast Offices (via Regional Offices)

Rapid, Super-Rapid or other special imaging requests, extensions and cancellations

CIRA (research community requests)USAF 45th Weather Squadron

Routine event or

emergency cancellationnotifications

RSO Request Flow ChartNWS Meteorologists

Monitor Weather

Do weather conditions warrant

RSO or SRSO?

Call NWS Senior Duty Meteorologist

Do key users

approve schedule change?

SDM Calls Key Users*

SDM Calls NESDIS Satellite Analysis Branch

Does SAB

Approve?

SAB Calls OSDPD ESPC Shift Supervisor

Does OSDPD ESPC Shift Supervisor

Approve?

OSDPD ESPC Calls OSO SOCC

Shift Supervisor

Does SOCC Shift Supervisor

Approve?yes

no

yesno

Inform Requestor

of Denial

and Reason

yes

yes

OSO SOCC Calls OSDPD ESPC

Shift Supervisor

yes

ESPC Calls SAB

no

OSO Calls ESPC Shift Supervisor

SAB Calls SDM

nono

ESPC Calls SAB and informs users

SAB Calls SDM

SDM informs NWS via

admin bulletin

Execute RSO

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GOES Evolution

Performance Capability GOES I-M GOES N-P GOES RImaging Resolution - Visible 1 km 1 km 0.5 km Resolution - IR 4 km 4 km 2 km Full Disk Coverage Rate 30 min 30 min 5 min # of Channels 5 5 16Atmospheric Soundings Resolution 10 km 10 km 10 km / 4 km Hourly Coverage CONUS CONUS Full Disk @ 10 km resolution Severe Weather Rapid Scan No No Yes - 4km resolution CONUS # of Channels 19 19 ~1500 Coastal Water Monitoring No No Yes - 375m resolution

Solar Monitoring (SXI/SUVI) GOES-M only Yes YesLightning Detection No No YesOperate through Eclipse No Yes YesGround System Backup Limited Limited FullArchive and Access Limited Limited Yes

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• Scan mode 3 has interwoven observations that accomplish– A mesoscale (located anywhere in the full disk) every

30 second– A 5000 km x 3000 km CONUS every 5 minutes– A full disk observation every 15 minutes (due to the

interruptions)

• Scan mode 4 has uninterrupted observation of the Full Disk– A Full Disk in 5 minutes

ABI Scan Modes

There are two anticipated scan modes for the ABI:- FD images every 15 minutes + CONUS images every 5 minutes + mesoscale- FD every 5 minutes.

Current GOES scans 5 times slowerthan the ABI

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• HES -Disk Sounding (HES-DS)– 62 degree LZA/hour coverage rate at 10 km spatial resolution

• HES -Severe Weather / Mesoscale (HES-SW/M)– 1000 km x 1000 km / 4.4 minutes coverage rate at 4 km

spatial resolution

• HES -Coastal Waters (HES-CW)– US Exclusive Economic Zone coverage (400 km wide) by

length of US coastline (~ 6000 km) in 3 hours at 375 m spatial resolution

Hyperspectral EnvironmentalSuite (HES)Tasks

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• Coverage rates of the instruments can be exploited for optimal observations

• ABI provides a faster coverage rate at lower spectral resolution than the HES

• ABI measurements can be exploited to benefit slower HES scan rates– Cloud cover masks can help direct the HES to regions of clear air

for all HES tasks– Finer spatial resolution of the ABI IR bands and of the reflected

solar bands can assist in HES determination of surface emissivity, and surface temperature (land and sea surface T).

• HES-CW task coverage rate is slower than that of the sounding tasks– HES–CW task has finer spatial resolution than the ABI which

may help in storm observations and in storm track assessment

ABI and HES Considerations

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• Trade studies are currently underway that may impact instrument tasking:

1. “Perform a trade study to utilize spacecraft and instrument data to perform “smart tasking” of on-board science payloads. Investigate the integration of sensor fusion and “tip off” techniques to dynamically task the ABI, HES and/or other instruments.”

2. “Identify and assess techniques which eliminate or greatly reduce the time that the level-1b data products are out of specification as the result of spacecraft maneuvers. Spacecraft maneuvers include: momentum management, yaw flip and stationkeeping. Describe advanced concepts that may be used to increase operational availability.”

GOES-R Tasking Trade Studies

From: “NOAA GOES-R Solicitation No.: DG133E-05-RP-1034, Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL), March 22, 2005”

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• How will RSO tasking requirements change given the vastly improved temporal resolution of ABI?

• Will the sort of dynamic tasking used today really even be necessary given the frequency of an ABI mode-3 scenario?

• How does the system utilize science or engineering data to maximize effective science data recovery?– Inter- or intra-platform data utilization

• What process should be used in determining the observational priorities for the instruments, particularly ABI and HES?

• How much automation is acceptable to the operational NOAA organizations (NWS, OSDPD and OSO) and to the users?

Questions for Consideration

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Summary

• GOES-I/M and GOES-NOP series schedules are optimized to their instruments capabilities– Real-time task changes, such as RSO, required intensive

collaboration between NWS, OSDPD and OSO

• GOES-NOP series will benefit from eclipse imaging capability and reduced HK outages– Instrument tasking will remain essentially unchanged

• The GOES-R system will benefit from enhanced instrument performance and increased operational “up-time”

• This stage in the GOES-R developmental process is an excellent time to field your questions, comments and feedback

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Links to Additional Information

• NOAA GOES-R Page – Links to CONOPS, GPRD, MRD– https://osd.goes.noaa.gov/

• NOAA/NESDIS OSD Page– http://www.osd.noaa.gov/

• NOAA Scheduling Information– http://www.ssd.noaa.gov– http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/goes‑scheduling.htm

• Instrument Research at CIMSS – http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/– http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/hes/

• ABI Documentation from NASA: – http://goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/abihome.htm