Future with “going to” to express future plans something that you have already planned.

Subject + verb to-be + GOING TO+ INFINITIVE (base form of the verb) We use going to for future plans.

1. I am going to + check my e-mails TONIGHT.2. You are going to + sing in the concert next week.3. He is going to + play soccer in two days.4. She is going to + study Math next weekend.5. The dog is going to + drink the medicine in two hours.6. We are going to + swim this Saturday.7. You are going to + dance in the disco tomorrow.8. They are going to +do their project in a year.

Examples:1. I am going to watch a movie tonight. 2. My mom is going to clean the house this weekend.3. My dad is going to drive his car tomorrow.4. My sisters are going to watch a movie this Sunday.5. My brother is going to watch the soccer game next weekend.6. My classmates are going to eat lunch with me this afternoon.

CLASSWORK

Write five positive sentences using “going to” to express future plans.

Example:

1. I am going to take my final English exam this Friday.

Adverbs of time Next month tomorrow next semester this afternoon

Next year in two weeks this weekend tonight

Next weekend in two months in two hours next week

On Monday on TUESDAY

I am going to make the dinner this week. I am going to read a book this week. I am going to swim this Saturday. I am going to sing in the concert tomorrow. I am going to eat octopus the next week. I am going to work in the office next month. You are going to read this weekend. My mom is going to buy a dress tomorrow.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Future with going to

I am not going to sing (I’m not)

You are not going to read

He is not going to play (isn’t)

She is not going to study

It is not going to drink

We are not going to swim (aren’t)

They are not going to use that classroom.

I´m not going to take a Math exam in two weeks.

My sister isn´t going to take a train.

My brothers aren´t going to play in that team.

Next week /next weekend/ in two months/ in two hours/ next year/tomorrow/ the whole afternoon etc.

They aren’t going to study for the exam.

They aren’t going to swim in the pool tomorrow. You are not going to drive a car this month. He isn’t going to drink next week. My friend is not going to travel to Montañita the next year. I am not going to buy a pet this month. She isn´t going to run in the marathon tomorrow. I am not going to buy a bike this weekend.

Yes/no questions

Verb to-be + subject pronoun+going to+base form of the verb

1. Are you going to study? Yes, I am / No, I am not

2. Is she going to dance tomorrow?

Yes, she is / No, she isn`t

3. Is he going to read a book?

Yes, he is / No, he isn`t

4. Is my dog going to play IN THE PARK?

Yes, it is / No, it isn`t

5. Are you going to swim THIS SATURDAY?

B: Yes, we are / No, we aren`t

6. Are they going to cook FOR THE PARTY?

Yes, they are / No, they aren`t

Is your mom going to clean the house tomorrow?Yes, she is / No, she isn´t

Is your brother going to watch the soccer game THIS SUNDAY?Yes, he is / No, he isn´t

Are your teachers going to work this Saturday?Yes, they are / No, they aren´t

A: Are you going to study for your final exam?B: Yes, I am / No, I am not.

Answer the following yes/ no questions. Give short answers.

1. A: Are you going to participate in a singing contest? B: Yes, I am/ No, I am not. 2. Are you going to play soccer this weekend?3. Are you going to have English classes this weekend?

4. Is your mom going to cook this Sunday? 5. Is your dad going to work this week? 6. Is your sister going to a concert next Saturday? 7. Are you going to read a book this semester?8. Is your brother/sister going to buy a new cell phone this Christmas?9. Are you going to watch the world cup soccer games in three years?10. Are your parents going to travel this vacation? 11. Are your classmates and you going to take an English exam this

Friday?

ANSWERS

12. Are you going to participate in a singing contest?

Yes, I am / No, I am not.13. Are you going to play soccer this weekend?

Yes, I am / No, I am not.14. Are you going to have English classes this weekend?

Yes, I am/ No, I am not.15. Is your mom going to cook this Sunday?

Yes, she is/ No, she isn’t.16. Is your dad going to work this week?

Yes, he is / No, he isn’t. 17. Is your sister going to a concert next Saturday?

Yes, she is/ No, she isn’t.18. Are you going to read a book this semester?

No, I am not.19. Is your brother/sister going to buy a new cell phone next Christmas?

No, he isn’t.20. Are you going to watch the world cup soccer games in three years?

No, I am not. 21. Are your parents going to travel this vacation?

Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t 22. Are your classmates going to take an English exam this Friday?

Yes, they are / No, they aren’t

Wh-questions

Wh-words+ to-be+subject+going to+verb (base form)

Example:

What are you going to study?

I am going to study English.

1. What are you going to practice?I AM GOING TO PRACTICE SOCCER

2. Where are you going to practice soccer?I AM GOING TO practice soccer in the stadium

3. When are you going to practice soccer?I AM GOING to practice NEXT WEEK

4. Who are you going to practice with?I AM GOING to practice WITH MY FRIENDS

5. Why are you going to practice?

Because I want to win the next championship. Because I want to have fun.

6. What are you going to do this weekend?I AM GOING TO DANCEI am going to studyI am going to practice soccer

I am going to go out weekend.

I am going out this weekend.

Will + verb (base) for possible plans.

I will go to the party.

You will study English.

He will sing tomorrow.

She will read that book.

It will play in the park.

We will jump this afternoon.

You will participate next year.

They will enjoy the concert.

I won’t travel this weekend.

You won’t take that exam.

He won’t sing in the concert.

She won’t travel to Manta.

It won’t play in the park. (Base form of the verb)

We won’t write an essay.

You won’t use this computer.

They won’t write a book.

guess (suponer)

I guess I will go to the mall. / I guess he will go to the mall.

I guess I will study for my final exam. / She guesses HE will study for his final exam.

I guess I won’t take the exam. / I guess she won’t take the exam.

Maybe: Maybe she will go to the party.

Maybe my brother will go to the party.

Maybe my classmates will go to the party.

probaBLy : I will probably pass this level.

I probably won’t use the ticket.

He will probably pass this level.

She probably won´t use the ticket.

I think I will pass this level. / I think she will pass this level.

She thinks he will pass this level.

My mom thinks I will pass this level.

I think I won´t go to the party./ I think she won´t accept the invitation.

I think I won’t read the letter / I think she won’t read the letter.

I guess I will enjoy my birthday. Maybe she will get a house. My mom will probably take a course. I guess I will go to play soccer this weekend. I think I will eat a watermelon. I guess I will travel to Salinas next weekend.

I think my mom will clean the house today. I think we will take the biology course next week.

I will

I´ll go to the park this weekend.

You´ll study for your final exam.

He´ll use his computer for his project.

She´ll attend classes next week.

It´ll go to the park next week.

We´ll send an e- mail next month.

They´ll read a book next semester.

Modals for necessity and suggestions

Describing necessity

Must = debo / Tengo QUE / TIENEN QUE/

You must study for your final exam. You must pay your tuition. You must have your ID with you. You must have a driver’s license for this job. You must be 18 years old.

High school degree TITULO DE COLEGIOCollege degree TITULO UNIVERSITARIO

You must have your college degree. You must have experience. You must have your ID

You must be 18 years old. You must have all the subjects passed. You must have your college degree. You must have an experience of 4 years. You must know 2 languages.

You must have your ID

YOU MUST HAVE TIME.

YOU MUST ARRIVE AT 8 O´CLOCK

YOU MUST HAVE A PENCIL AND AN ERASER.

YOU MUST HAVE YOUR EXAM TICKET.

YOU MUST NEED A CAR.

YOU MUST NEED YOUR DRIVER´S LICENSE.

NEED TO = NECESITAS

I NEED TO PASS THIS LEVEL. YOU NEED TO BRING YOUR ID.

HE / SHE/ IT NEEDS TO STUDY FOR HIS/HER EXAM. We NEED TO CORRECT MISTAKES. You NEED TO BUY THE BOOKS. They NEED TO WRITE A REPORT.

I NEED TO SLEEP MOREI NEED TO GRADUATE FROM THE UNIVERSITY. I NEED TO VISIT MY FATHER THE NEXT WEEK. I NEED TO STUDY MORE IN THE UNIVERSITY. I NEED TO HAVE MORE TIME FOR WORKING. I NEED TO ENROLL IN THE UNIVERSITY. I NEED TO COOK TONIGHT.

HAVE TO = TENGO QUE

EXPRESSES NECESSITY

I HAVE TO pass this level. YOU HAVE TO clean your room. HE / SHE/ IT HAS TO read this book. WE HAVE TO pay attention.YOU HAVE TO listen to your teacher. THEY HAVE TO take a final exam.

I have to take care of my niece tomorrow. I have to finish my thesis next week. I have to avoid eating fast food this week. I have to listen to English exercises. I have to study for my exam. I have to visit to my parents this week.

I don’t have to = no tengo que / no es necesario que

I don’t have to work next week. You don’t have to bring your book. He/she/it doesn’t have to use his/her computer.We don’t have to come to English classes next week.

You don’t have to buy those tickets. They don’t have to present a project.

GIVING SUGGESTIONS

Had better será mejor que‘d better = será mejor que

I’d better + verb (base form)

I’d better go now. You’d better stay.

He’d better study for his exam.She’d better cook this week.It’d better eat the food.We’d better read the book.You’d better use this laptop.They’d better take the medicine.

Classwork:Write some advice for these problems. Use ‘d better+ verb.

1. A: I crashed my dad’s car. B:

2. A: My best friend saw her boyfriend kissing another girl.B:

3. A: I lost my friend’s memory stick. B:

4. A: My mom burned the lunch. B:

5. A: My sister has bad grades.B:

6. A: I crashed my dad’s car. B: you’d better fix that car.

You had better take it to the mechanic.7. A: My best friend saw her boyfriend kissing another girl.

B: she’d better leave him. B: SHE HAD BETTER BREAK UP WITH HIM. B: SHE HAD BETTER FORGET ABOUT IT. B: SHE HAD BETTER FORGIVE HIM. B: SHE HAD BETTER LOOK FOR ANOTHER BOY.

8. A: I lost my friend’s memory stick. B: you’d better buy a new one. B: YOU HAD BETTER FIND IT NOW. B: YOU HAD BETTER LOOK FOR IT NOW.

9. A: My mom burned the lunch. B: she’d better cook it again./ she’d better buy food.SHE HAD BETTER BUY FAST FOOD.SHE HAD BETTER ASK FOR NEW FOOD. WE HAD BETTER GO TO A RESTAURANT.

10. A: My sister has bad grades.B:……she’d better study more… FOR NEXT TIME. SHE HAD BETTER TELL OUR PARENTS.SHE HAD BETTER ASK THE TEACHER FOR EXTRA POINTS.

Should = deberías = to give suggestions or advice Shouldn’t = no deberías

Should / shouldn’t + base form of the verb Positive I should go to the doctor.You should eat healthy.He should bring homework.She should bring the English material.It should do the exercises.We should take the dog to the vet.You should read more.They should write their essay.

Negative I shouldn´t go to the doctor.You shouldn´t eat healthy.He shouldn´t bring homework.She shouldn´t bring the English material.It shouldn´t do exercises.We shouldn´t take the dog to the vet.You shouldn´t read more.They shouldn´t write their essay.

Classwork:Write some advice for these problems. Use should or shouldn’t.

1. A: I lost my job.B:

2. A: I don’t have enough money.B:

3. A: I have gained weight. B:

4. A: I feel sick. B:

5. A: I need to pass this level of English.B:

Classwork:

Write some advice for these problems. Use should or shouldn’t.

1. A: I lost my job.B: You should apply for another job.

2. A: I don’t have enough money.B: You shouldn´t spend too much money.You should go to work.

3. A: I have gained weight. B: you should do some sport. / you should be on a diet.You shouldn´t eat too much fast food.

4. A: I feel sick. B: you should visit the doctor. You should rest.

5. A: I need to pass this level of English.B:…You should study more.You should do some extra exercises at home.

You should do your homework.You should

Ought to = tengo que / tienes que = suggestion Ought to + verb (base form)

You ought to pack a first-aid kit for your trip. You ought to bring your laptop for these English classes. You have to bring your laptop for these English classes. He ought to study for his final exam. My sister ought to buy the book for her classes.

HE/SHE/IT HAS TO HE/SHE/IT DOESN’T HAVE TO

TWO PART VERBS: these verbs contain a verb and a particle that together have their own meaning. There are separable and non-separable verbs.

Separable verbs

Turn on the TV. or Turn the TV on. / Turn it on.

Main verb + particle + direct objectTurn on the light.(singular) turn the light on / Turn it on.

Turn on the air conditioner. Turn the air conditioner on/ Turn it on.

Pick up the trash. (singular) pick the trash up / pick it up

Turn off the radio. (singular) turn the radio off/ turn it off.

Turn off the light. (singular) turn the light off/ Turn it off.Put away the book. (singular) put the book away/ put it away.

Separable verb:

Turn on the TV. or Turn the TV on. Main verb+direct object +particle

Turn it onObject pronoun

X Turn on it.

Subject pronouns Object pronounsI Me You YouHe HimShe HerIt ItWe UsThey Them

My bookYour bookHis bookHer bookIts bookTheir bookOur book

I love youYou love meHe loves her Nicolas loves TaniaShe loves him Tania loves NicolasIt loves me My dog loves meWe love them We love our children.

They love us

Many phrasal verbs are separable. This means that a direct object noun can come before or after the particle.

Turn on the speakers. Turn the speakers on / Turn them on.

Main verb + particle + direct objectTurn on the lights. Turn the lights on/ turn them on.

Pick up the toys. Pick the toys up/ Pick them up.

Turn off the speakers. Turn the speakers off/ Turn them off.

Turn off the lights. Turn the lights off/ turn them off.

Put on your shoes. Put your shoes on/ put them on.

Drop off the keys. Drop the keys off/ Drop them off.

Put away the books. Put the books away/ Put them away.

Incorrect: Turn on them.

Put onPut on your shoesPut your shoes onPut them on

(pronoun)Put on them Pick up the laundryPick the laundry upPick it upPick up it Separable verbs

add upadd

back upcause to move backwards; support

blow up cause to explode; destroy by explosives

break downanalyze; list the parts of separately

bring about cause to happen

bring offaccomplish

bring oncause

bring outpublish; emphasize

bring overbring

bring torevive

bring upraise; care for from childhood

brush outbrush the inside of

burn downdestroy by burning

burn upconsume by fire

buy outby the other person's share of a business

buy upbuy the whole supply of

call offcancel; order away

call uptelephone; summon for military service

calm downbecome calm

carry oncontinue

carry outfulfill; complete; accomplish; perform

carry overcarry; continue at another time or place

cheer upcause to become cheerful

chew upchew thoroughly

chop upchop into small pieces

clean offclear the surface of

clean outclean the inside of

clean uptidy

clear outclear the inside of

clear upclarify; clear the inside of

close downclose permanently

close upclose temporarily

count ininclude

count outexclude

count upcalculate; count; add to a total

cross outeliminate

cut offinterrupt; sever; amputate

cut outeliminate; delete

cut downreduce in quantity

draw upwrite; compose (a document)

dress upput clothes on; adorn

dust outdust the inside of

eat upeat completely

figure outinterpret; understand

figure upcompute

fill incomplete (a printed form)

fill outcomplete (a printed form)

fill upfill completely (a container)

find outdiscover

fix up get across give back

repair; arrange in a suitable manner cause to be understood return

give outdistribute; announce

give upsurrender something

hand downdeliver; pronounce formally; leave as an inheritance

hand overyield control of

hang upsuspend

have onbe dressed in

have overentertain someone informally at one's home

hold offdelay; restrain

hold updelay; rob; threaten with a weapon

keep upcontinue; keep the same pace

leave outomit

let downdisappoint

let outrelease from confinement; make larger (in sewing)

light uplight; illuminate thoroughly

live downlive in such a way as to cause something to be forgotten

make overremake

move overmove to the side

pass outdistribute

pass upnot take advantage of (as an opportunity)

pass ontransmit

pay backrepay

pay offdischarge a debt completely; give someone his final pay

pick upcome to meet an escort; lift with hands or fingers; learn casually;initiate an association publicly

play downminimize

play upemphasize

point outindicate

pull downpull in a downward direction; raze

push across put off put on

cause to be understood or accepted postponedress in; deceive or fool

put uppreserve (food); receive as an overnight guest

quiet downbe quiet

ring upthe telephone

rinse offrinse the surface of

rinse outrinse the inside of

rule outeliminate

run downtrace; disparage; hit with a vehicle

run offcause to depart; reproduce mechanically

save upaccumulate

see throughcomplete; in spite of difficulties

see offaccompany someone to the beginning of a trip

send backsend to a place where formerly located

send oversend to where someone is

set uparrange

show offexhibit ostentatiously

shut offcause to cease functioning

slow upcause to move more slowly

spell outenumerate; state in detail

stand upfail to keep an appointment with

sweep outsweep the inside of

take backreturn; retract a statement

take downremove from a high position; write from dictation

take inunderstood; fool; deceive; make smaller (in sewing)

take overtake; assume command of

tear downdestroy

tear uptear into small pieces

tell offscold; reprimand

think overconsider

think throughconsider from beginning to end

think upcreate; invent

throw awaydiscard

throw overreject

tie uptie securely or tight

tire outcause to be exhausted

touch uprepair

try onput on a garment to verify the fit

try outtest

turn downrefuse; lower the volume

turn outproduce; force into exile, extinguish (a light)

wash offwash the surface of

wash outwash the inside of

wear outuse until no longer usable; tire greatly

wind upfinish, tighten the spring of a watch or machine

wipe offwipe the surface of

wipe outwipe the inside of; decimate

work outsolve

write downrecord

write outwrite down every detail; spell out

write upcompose; prepare (a

Exercise b page 37

1. Pick up the toys, please.B: OK. I´ll pick them up.

2. Turn the music / the TV off, please.B: All right. I´ll turn it off.

3. Clean your boots up, please.B: No, problem. I´ll clean them up.

4. Please put the books/the toys/the boots away.B: Ok. I´ll put them away.

Exercise Rewrite the following phrasal verbs (two-word verbs) placing the direct object or pronoun correctly.

1. Cheer up your friend. (alegrar) Cheer your friend up.Cheer him/her up.

2. Cut out that paragraph. (eliminar)Cut the paragraph out.Cut it out

3. Bring up the newspaper. (traer)Bring the newspaper up.Bring it up.

4. Do over the homework. (repetir)Do the homework over.Do it over.

5. Fill out the form. (completar)Fill the form out.Fill it out.

6. Work out the problem. (solucionar)

Work the problem out.Work it out.

7. Wipe off the table. (limpiar superficies)Wipe the table off.Wipe it off.

8. Bring over the newspaper. (traer)Bring the newspaper over.Bring it over.

9. Cross out the sentence. (eliminar)Cross the sentence out.Cross it out.

10. Burn down the documents. (quemar)Burn the documents down.Burn them down.

REQUESTS WITH “MODALS ” AND WOULD YOU MIND + gerund ……….

1. Can you bring me the newspaper?2. Could you close the door, please?3. Would you turn off the projector, please?4. Can I go to the bathroom, please? May I go to the bathroom,

please?5. Can I open the windows, please?6. Can you call my dad, please?7. Could you open the windows, please?8. Could you take the computer, please?9. Could you bring my computer, please?10. Can you bring me some coffee, please?11. Can you turn on the radio, please?12. Would you cook for me, please?13. Could you answer the phone, please?14. Could you leave a message, please?

15. Can you pass me the phone, please?16. Could you give me your phone, please?

1. Would you mind bringing the newspaper?2. Would you mind opening the door?3. Would you mind sending us home earlier?4. Would you mind cooking for me?5. Would you mind answering the phone for me?6. Would you mind studying with me?7. Would you mind closing the door?

1. Turn on the lights. Turn the lights on. Turn them on.Turn on them.

2. Turn off the lights. Turn the lights off.Turn them off.

3. Bring up the newspaper.Bring the newspaper up.Bring it up. Bring up it.

Do over the homework

Do it overDo the homework over.Do over it

the use of infinitives and gerundsINFINITIVES GERUNDSI use my usb to save information I use my usb for saving

information I use my laptop to do my homework.

I use my laptop for doing my homework.

I use my cell phone to send messages.

I use my cell phone for sending messages.

I use my dvd to watch movies. I use my dvd for watching movies.I use my speakers to listen to music.

I use my speakers for listening to music.

I use my cell phone to make I use my cell phone for making

phone calls. phone calls. My mom uses her cellphone to watch videos.

My mom uses her cell phone for watching videos.