gold market sonu edited
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gold marketTRANSCRIPT
INDEX
S,R. NOTOPIC
1INTRODUCTION
2INDIAN GOLD MARKET
3
WHY INVEST IN GOLD?
4
GOLD MARKET EXCHANNGES.
5WHY MCX?
6TERMS AND TERMINOLOGIES IN GOLD MARKET.
7FACTORS AFFECTING GOLD PRICES.
8INFLATION, EXCHANGE RATE WITH DOLLAR, SENSEX AND GOLD PRICES.
9RECENT TREND IN GOLD MARKET IN INDIA.
10CONCLUSION
11
BIBLIOGHRAPHY
1. INTRODUCTION"Gold is a very solid asset. Buying physical gold does have advantages compared with other investments. Investments in gold-backed financial products and paper gold should be left up to the professionals," says Mark Robinson, a bullion analyst based in Dubai.
Gold is the oldest precious metal known to man. Therefore, it is a timely subject for several reasons. It is the opinion of the more objective market experts that the traditional investment vehicles of stocks and bonds are in the areas of their all-time highs and may be due for a severe correction.
To fully appreciate why 8,000 years of experience say " gold is forever", we should review why the world reveres what England's most famous economist, John Maynard Keynes, cynically called the "barbarous relic."
Why gold is "good as gold" is an intriguing question. However, we think that the more pragmatic ancient Egyptians were perhaps more accurate in observing that gold's value was a function of its pleasing physical characteristics and its scarcity.
Gold is primarily a monetary asset and partly a commodity.
More than two thirds of gold's total accumulated holdings account as 'value for investment' with central bank reserves, private players and high-carat Jeweler.
Less than one third of gold's total accumulated holdings is as a 'commodity' for Jeweler in Western markets and usage in industry.
The Gold market is highly liquid and gold held by central banks, other major institutions and retail Jeweler keep coming back to the market.
Due to large stocks of Gold as against its demand, it is argued that the core driver of the real price of gold is stock equilibrium rather than flow equilibrium.
Economic forces that determine the price of gold are different from, and in many cases opposed to the forces that influence most financial assets.
South Africa is the world's largest gold producer with 394 tons in 2001, followed by US and Australia.
India is the world's largest gold consumer with an annual demand of 800 tons.
World Gold Markets
London as the great clearing house
New York as the home of futures trading
Zurich as a physical turntable
Istanbul, Dubai, Singapore and Hong Kong as doorways to important consuming regions
Tokyo where TOCOM sets the mood of Japan
Mumbai under India's liberalized gold regime
2. Indian GoldMarketLet us at first take a look at the evolution of the Indian Gold Market. India was never in dearth of Gold Reserves. History had been a witness of the fact that India was always self sufficient in all its natural resources and more so in case of gold. It was this abundance in availability of such precious metals that lured foreign invaders from all parts of the globe as well as from time to time to come to India and plunder as much of it as was possible for them to do. However there were a significant number of such intruders who, after entering the country, fell for the land and its cultural heritage which eventually led them to settle and establish their empire in India.
As a inevitable consequence of the lavish livelihood exhibited by the Indian rulers, the Gold reserves in India gradually diminished. The arrival of the British in the hierarchy in the middle of the eighteenth century announced the decline of India's Gold Reserves even further. The colonial status given to India by the British crippled the economy which once boasted of its wealth in gold. Huge quantities of the precious metal was carried to England right after their extraction. As a result a major proportion of India's Gold Reserves was 'vanishing' without even entering into the economy.
By the time India gained independence, a huge vacuum had already been created as far as Gold Reserves in India was concerned. Slowly, after several decades have gone by India has finally started to fill up the vacuum in a big way. After reaching a new height in the form of 8 % growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP ) for the year 2005-06, India is being recognized as one of the fastest emerging economies of the world.
India's growing prospects can also be noticed in the gold market as well. India is viewed as the largest consumer of gold in recent times. According to the figures presented by the estimates of the World Gold Council (WGC), India's total demand for gold in the year 2001 was 243.2 tones which comprised 26.2 % of the total world demand.
Gold is valued in India as a savings and investment vehicle and is the second preferred investment after bank deposits.
India is the world's largest consumer of gold in jeweler as investment.
In July 1997 the RBI authorized the commercial banks to import gold for sale or loan to jewelers and exporters. At present, 13 banks are active in the import of gold.
This reduced the disparity between international and domestic prices of gold from 57 percent during 1986 to 1991 to 8.5 percent in 2001.
The gold hoarding tendency is well ingrained in Indian society.
Domestic consumption is dictated by monsoon, harvest and marriage season. Indian jeweler off take is sensitive to price increases and even more so to volatility.
In the cities gold is facing competition from the stock market and a wide range of consumer goods.
Facilities for refining, assaying, making them into standard bars in India, as compared to the rest of the world, are insignificant, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
To sum up, the Indian Gold Market has a very bright future ahead.
Who is the regulator?
The exchanges are regulated by the Forward Markets Commission. Unlike the equity markets, brokers don't need to register themselves with the regulator. The FMC deals with exchange administration and will seek to inspect the books of brokers only if foul practices are suspected or if the exchanges themselves fail to take action. In a sense, therefore, the commodity exchanges are more self-regulating than stock exchanges. But this could change if retail participation in commodities grows substantially.Who are the players in commodity derivatives?The commodities market will have three broad categories of market participants apart from brokers and the exchange administration - hedgers, speculators and arbitrageurs. Brokers will intermediate, facilitating hedgers and speculators.
Hedgers are essentially players with an underlying risk in a commodity - they may be either producers or consumers who want to transfer the price-risk onto the market.
Producer-hedgers are those who want to mitigate the risk of prices declining by the time they actually produce their commodity for sale in the market; consumer hedgers would want to do the opposite.
For example, if you are a jeweler company with export orders at fixed prices, you might want to buy gold futures to lock into current prices. Investors and traders wanting to benefit or profit from price variations are essentially speculators. They serve as counterparties to hedgers and accept the risk offered by the hedgers in a bid to gain from favorable price changes.
3. WHY INVEST IN GOLD?
Adding gold to a portfolio introduces an entirely different asset class- a tangible & real asset which increases the portfolio's degree of diversification. Effective portfolio diversifier As depicted above, while the overall return of a portfolio without gold is 14%, that of a portfolio with gold is over 16%. Hence an allocation of physical gold in a financial portfolio not just helps reduce the impact of the volatility created by the other asset classes like equity, bonds etc., but also increases the average return over a period of time.
A financial portfolio containing gold is generally more robust because it improves the stability and predictability of better average returns.
Superior to other alternative asset classes Gold is the most liquid asset class due to its universal acceptance as an alternative to currency, and also because globally, the gold market is functional 24x7. Same cannot be said about any other asset class as they take much longer time to liquidate (from 1 day to up to 3-4 months).
Effective hedge against currency risk Due to its inverse relationship to dollar, gold has always proved to be an effective hedge over a period of time.
Effective hedge against Inflation
A study conducted by WGC in UK shows that one ounce of Gold would consistently purchase the same amount of goods & services as it would have done 400 years ago, making it the perfect hedge against inflation over a long period of time.
Other Reasons
More liquid as compared to the other asset classes Gold can be bought, sold or traded globally.
Performance of gold not linked to performance of any company, industry or government.
Gold needs no professional manager unlike mutual funds
Gold is an asset, which is not simultaneously a liability, unlike stocks.
It doesn't require political & social stability to survive, in fact it thrives under worst societal conditions.
Gold doesn't ever lose its intrinsic value.
Inspire of the growing demand for gold in India, average retail household has seldom considered investing in gold because of the absence of an efficient and effective platform.
Gold v/s Stock.Performance of gold not linked to performance of any company, industry or government.
Gold needs no professional manager unlike mutual funds.
Gold is an asset, which is not simultaneously a liability, unlike stocks.
It does not require political & social stability to survive, in fact it thrives in the worst conditions.
Gold will never lose its intrinsic value.
4. GOLD MARKET EXCHANNGES.
MCX (Multi Commodity Exchange):
Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd, (MCX) an independent and de-metalized multi commodity exchange, has permanent recognition from the Government of India. MCX, a state-of-the-art nationwide, digital exchange facilitates online trading, clearing and settlement operations for a commodities futures trading. Key shareholders of MCX are Financial Technologies (India) Ltd, State Bank of India, Union Bank of India, Bank of India, Corporation Bank & Canada Bank. Headquartered in Mumbai, MCX is led by an expert management team with deep domain knowledge of the commodity futures markets and has successfully established a thriving digital market for trading in Gold, Silver, Steel, Kapuas, Cotton, Rubber, Black Pepper, Oil & Oil Seeds, Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals, Agra Commodities, Pulses and Soft commodities
MCX now stands amongst the top five bullion exchanges in the world and the largest gold futures exchange in India. Between November 11, 2003 and August 12, 2004, MCX has clocked a total Gold turnover of more than 340 tons valued at around Rs. 20,000 cores, which accounts for 90 per cent of the gold futures trading in the country.MCX offers two types of contract in Gold i.e. Gold (1 Kg) and Gold Mini (100 Gms) facilitating a large spectrum of market participants to do trading. MCX has also recorded Gold physical delivery in numerous contracts to the extent of 1.5 quintals.
NCDEX (National Commodity & Derivative Exchange Limited):
National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited (NCDEX) is a professionally managed on-line multi commodity exchange. The shareholders are :
Promoter shareholders: Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) .
Other shareholders: Canara Bank, CRISIL Limited (formerly the Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited), Goldman Sachs, Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) and Punjab National Bank (PNB).
NCDEX is the only commodity exchange in the country promoted by national level institutions. This unique parentage enables it to offer a bouquet of benefits, which are currently in short supply in the commodity markets. The institutional promoters and shareholders of NCDEX are prominent players in their respective fields and bring with them institutional building experience, trust, nationwide reach, technology and risk management skills.
NCDEX is a public limited company incorporated on April 23, 2003 under the Companies Act, 1956. It obtained its Certificate for Commencement of Business on May 9, 2003. It commenced its operations on December 15, 2003.
NCDEX is a nation-level, technology driven de-mutualised on-line commodity exchange with an independent Board of Directors and professional management - both not having any vested interest in commodity markets. It is committed to provide a world-class commodity exchange platform for market participants to trade in a wide spectrum of commodity derivatives driven by best global practices, professionalism and transparency.
NCDEX is regulated by Forward Markets Commission.NCDEX is subjected to various laws of the land like the Forward Contracts (Regulation) Act, Companies Act, Stamp Act, Contract Act and various other legislations.
NCDEX is located in Mumbai and offers facilities to its members about 550 centres throughout India. The reach will gradually be expanded to more centres.
NCDEX currently facilitates trading of 57 commodities.
5. WHY MCX?Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd (MCX), the largest player in the bullion futures trading is participating in the convention as Exchange Partner. The convention is organized by Bangalore based Foretell Business Solutions Pvt. Ltd and is supported by Bombay Bullion Association (BBA).
MCX now stands amongst the top five bullion exchanges in the world and the largest gold futures exchange in India. Between November 11, 2003 and August 12, 2004, MCX has clocked a total Gold turnover of more than 340 tons valued at around Rs. 20,000 crores, which accounts for 90 per cent of the gold futures trading in the country.
MCX offers two types of contract in Gold i.e. Gold (1 Kg) and Gold Mini (100 Gms) facilitating a large spectrum of market participants to do trading. MCX has also recorded Gold physical delivery in numerous contracts to the extent of 1.5 quintals.Gold is for big investors who can invest huge amount of money and is willing to take huge risk. The price quote is per 10gm.Maximum lot size is 10 kg. While Gold Mini is for small investors in which we can trade in 100gm and the maximum lot size is 2MT. Now a days MCX is also providing contracts on Gold Guinea.In this the trading unit is 8gm. It is like small gold coins.
6. TERMS AND TERMINOLOGIES IN GOLD MARKET.
This guide is intended to provide a basic understanding of commodity futures terminology. Though the terminology of trading agricultural commodities goes far beyond the scope of this guide, this information can be used to build a knowledge base from which a broader understanding of the futures market can be developed.
Arbitrage: The simultaneous purchase and sale of similar commodities in different markets to take advantage of a perceived price discrepancy.
Basis: The difference between the current cash price and the futures price of the same commodity for a given contract month.
Bear market: A period of declining market prices.
Bull market: A period of rising market prices.
Broker: A company or individual that executes futures and options orders on behalf of financial and commercial institutions or the general public.
Call option: An option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase (go long) the underlying futures contract at the strike price on or
before the expiration date of the option.
Cash (spot) market: A place where people buy and sell the actual (cash) commodities, that is, a grain elevator, livestock market, or the like.
Commission (brokerage) fee: A fee charged by a broker for executing a transaction.
Convergence: A term referring to cash and futures prices tending to come together as the futures contract nears expiration.
Cross-hedging: Hedging a commodity using a different but related futures contract when there is no futures contract for the cash commodity being hedged and the cash and futures markets follow similar price trends. For example, hedging cull cows on the live cattle futures market.
Daily trading limit: The maximum price change set by the exchange each day for a contract.
Day traders: Speculators who take positions in futures or options contracts and liquidate them before the close of the same trading day.
Delivery: The transfer of the cash commodity from the seller of a futures contract to the buyer of a futures contract.
Forward (cash) contract: A cash contract in which a seller agrees to deliver a specific commodity to a buyer at a specific time in the future.
Fundamental analysis: A method of anticipating future price movement using supply and demand information.
Futures contract: A legally binding agreement, made on the trading floor of a futures exchange, to buy or sell a commodity or financial instrument sometime in
the future. Futures contracts are standardized according to the quality, quantity and delivery time and location for each commodity. The only variable
is price, which is determined on an exchange trading floor.
Hedger: An individual or company owning or planning to own a cash commodity corn, soybeans, wheat, U.S. Treasury bonds, notes, bills, etc. and
concerned that the costs of the commodity may change before it can be either bought or sold in the cash market. A hedger achieves protection against
changing cash prices by purchasing (selling) futures contracts of the same or similar commodity and later offsetting that position by selling (purchasing)
futures contracts of the same quantity and type as the initial transaction and at the same time as the cash transaction occurs.
Hedging: The practice of offsetting the price risk inherent in any cash market position by taking an equal but opposite position in the futures market. Hedgers use the futures markets to protect their business from adverse price changes.
Initial margin: The amount a futures market participant must deposit into a margin account at the time an order is placed to buy or sell a futures contract.
7. FACTORS AFFECTING GOLD PRICES.
Historically, gold prices have reacted sharply to geo-political and economic shocks, inflationary fears, dipping supply and rising demand, a weak dollar and struggling equity markets. Be it the oil shocks of the 1970s or the 1980 invasion of Afghanistan or the reaction to the collapse of investment banks last yearin every case, gold prices touched record highs. In March 2008 for example, gold touched all time highs of $1,023 an ounce (31 grams) following news of the collapse of Bear Stearns. Even in the current year, recessionary conditions and the global equity sell-offs have ensured firm gold prices with the average going at $900 to an ounce.
Gold also seems to be giving the best returns when the inflation rate is at high levels (gold has outperformed equities by a wide margin in the US during high inflationary periods) and thus, is considered to be a good hedge against it. While currently inflation is hardly a concern, large amounts of liquidity injected by governments is likely to find its way into the market and push up inflation. While this could lead to depreciation of currencies (as governments print more money and increase money supply), gold because of its limited supply (cant increase it suddenly unlike currencies) continues to hold its own and is thus is considered as an effective inflation hedge.
While a weak dollar has been positive for gold and the yellow metal has a negative correlation with the dollar, currently both asset classes are in demand.
Best among worstGold has moved up by 33 per cent since November 1, 2008 and the dollar has been moving up against most currencies including the euro and the rupee. Says Manasee S Gokhale, economist, NCDEX, With few other options available and as long as other currencies are falling, dollar would continue to strengthen. Despite the poor fundamentals of the US economy and a yawning fiscal deficit, institutions have been buying dollars, as it is considered the better bet among weak currencies.
The movement of the gold and dollar in the upward direction is due to recessionary conditions and is therefore temporary, believe experts. Says Jayant Manglik, president, Religare Commodities, The gold-dollar relationship will get back to the trend line. Unprecedented investments by governments should help economies recover by the end of the year. The frenzy of investment in gold going ahead, he believes, is likely to die down as recovering economies will bring equities into play once again.
However, till that happens, the key reason for gold prices moving up will neither be dollars, external shocks or the falling equity markets, but as an investment option with investors seeking assets which have minimal risk, offer stable returns and have low price volatility.
The gold rushJewellery demand in India has always been the key demand driver making up over two-thirds of total global demand for gold. This has, however, changed dramatically over the last one year due to increase in investment demand worldwide. In 2007, jewellery in terms of volumes accounted for 68 per cent of demand while investments had a share of 19 per cent (rest used for industrial and dental purposes). A year on, investment demand has shot up 64 per cent in volume terms, especially in the last two quarters of 2008, (See chart: Gold demand) with investors snapping up a 1,000 tonnes of gold. Share of investments now account for 30 per cent; that of jewellery has fallen to 58 per cent.
In addition to retail consumption of gold coins and bars shooting up, investments in exchange traded funds (ETFs) have also seen a rise. Unlike the situation in India where gold ETFs have a miniscule five tonnes of gold with them, ETFs such as the NYSE-listed SPDR saw its gold holdings jump 14 per cent in one month to nearly 1,000 tonnes (See graph: ETFs in vogue) which is more than what India, the largest consumer of gold, imports in a year. Will this trend continue? Dharmesh Sodah of the trade body World Gold Council believes that while there will be profit-taking, the assets under management of US-based ETFs have been increasing due to the lack of alternative investments making them sticky.
In India, the movement has not been as dramatic. Says Gokhale, ETFs are a new concept in India and are likely to do well over the next two years once investors can see a record of stable returns. Demand in the short term, however, is likely to be hit due to the prevailing high prices. Experts expect a rally in April (the Akshya Tritya festival pushes up gold sales) after which gold might stay down. An upward movement post September (start of the wedding season) could be seen with gold likely to touch about $1,100 levels in a year.
While global demand is expected to be steady, supply constraints also favour firm prices.
In short supplyGlobally, with no fresh sources of mining available and a drop in gold prices in the 1990s has meant depressed production and mining activity since 2002. Acute power and labour shortages in South Africa (third largest producer) as well as sharp dips in production in Australia (fourth largest) and Indonesia, has translated to drop in supply for the third consecutive year (2008). GFMS, a UK-based precious metals consultant, believes that supply in 2008 has dipped by about 4 per cent to about 2,385 tonnes, the lowest in 13 years. In anticipation of higher prices, producers have dehedged (squared their forward positions) to the tune of 346 tonnes (or 14.5 per cent of world production of 2,385 tonnes) in 2008. GLOBAL INVESTMENT DEMAND
20072008% chg*Q4'07Q1'08Q2'08Q3'08Q4'08
Identifiable Invt663.71090.764141.4153.7139.4398.6399.0
Net Retail Invt410.3769.38761.481.0135.4248.6304.2
Bar Hoarding236.3378.26030.246.688.4116.6126.6
Official Coin137.0197.74422.429.536.663.867.9
Medals,Coin72.660.5-178.49.712.421.217.2
Oth Retail Invt.-35.6132.80.3-4.8-2.047.092.6
ETFs, similar Prod253.3321.42780.072.74.0150.094.7
Inferred Invt-37.7-190.5192.3104.353.0-354.77.0
Total Invt626.0900.244333.7258.0192.443.9405.9
Total Invt, $ mn14,72724,816698,4357,6715,5441,23010,372
Another key source of supply, government gold holdings, also saw a sharp 42 per cent fall year-on-year as governments sought to maintain their gold stocks amidst an environment of uncertainty. Sales by Central Bank Gold Agreement countries (primarily the EU) which own nearly half of the government-held gold reserves of 30,000 tonnes is controlled by a 500 tonne-a-year sales cap. Thus, analysts believe that despite the rise of scrap (recycled gold) supply on higher prices in 2008 by an estimated 13 per cent and likelihood of the same going up in 2009 as well, the drop in production and lower government sales will ensure that the pressure on supply will remain going ahead.
Price outlookIn light of the current scenario, how will prices move? Experts believe that since gold prices have moved up in the last three months, the near-term could see some softening. Says Harish Galipalli, head of research, Karvy Comtrade, There is possibility of correction and gold might dip to $930 to an ounce from about $950 per ounce levels prevailing currently. In the medium-term though, the overall weak economic environment globally will keep upward pressure on gold prices as investors look for safety.
Says Manglik, While gold has given about 26 per cent returns in 2008, it will fetch a return of about 20 per cent from here on (rupee terms) over the next one year, with the gains equally split between currency depreciation and investment demand. While returns have been good over the last year, future returns in the yellow metal will depend on the position of equity markets and the performance of other assets classes such as debt, currencies and real estate.
Gold is exhibiting all the classic signs of being in a structural bull market. In the past year, we've seen gold go up on fears of inflation, then it rose on fears of deflation.
The woes of the banking industry certainly appear to be aiding gold. In a bizarre twist, central bankers actually want the price of gold to rise because it would be an indication that attempts to stave off deflation are working.The long-term story for gold, however, is as a re-monetization play as investors lose faith in fiat currencies.
The Fed has flooded the market with newly-printed money. Other countries are following suit. Now that all of this money is printed, it may be difficult to pull it back in. This, of course, would lead to currency devaluations. Some believe that the bottom in fiat currencies has begun and hard assets like gold and silver should benefit.Investors in Europe and north America went on an extraordinary shopping spree for gold coins and bars in the final quarter of 2008, snapping up 148.5 tonnes, a jump of 811 per cent compared with the same period in 2007, as the collapse of Lehman Brothers led to a massive increase in safe haven buying. According to the World Gold Council, this rush into physical gold by western investors pushed global retail investment up almost 400 per cent to 304.2 tonnes.Gold is about 25 per cent above its peak from the last great bull market in the metal in 1980.In yen terms, gold is still barely half its 1980 level which might imply that there could be more gold demand to come from Japanese investors (referred to as 'Mrs Watanabe').
And in sterling terms, gold is double its 1980 peak which implies either great worries about returning inflation in the UK, or an overdone collapse of confidence in the pound sterling.
The WGC's data confirmed earlier reports from traders about widespread shortages of coins and exceptional buying interest. Investment inflows into gold exchange traded funds reached 94.7 tonnes in the fourth quarter, up 18 per cent on the same period in 2007, but down from the record 150 tonnes of inflows seen in the third quarter of 2008.
Rising prices for gold around the world mean that those currencies are depreciating. Practically all currencies are depreciating relative to gold.
The whole world of currencies is depreciating, including the dollar. But due to the liquidity provided by US debt during the financial crisis, the dollar has appeared to rise in value within the overall currency bear market. All currency ships are sinking, the dollar ship is just not sinking as fast.
For the better part of a century now, the global gold trade has been dominated by the dollar.
All over the world, the prevailing gold price is a function of any currency's exchange rate with the dollar along with the dollar-price of gold.
Back in July 2008, the dollar started rallying. It wasn't for fundamental reasons, but because the giant mortgage-backed bond industry was imploding and bond investors desperately sought the safety of US Treasuries.
This kicked off the massive dollar panic rally in Q3 CY 2008, and the subsequent stock panic of Q4 CY 2008 accelerated it. Until this anomalous rally erupted, dollar gold remained strong in the high $800s and low $900s.
At this dollar rally's apex on the very day the stock markets bottomed in late November, the US Dollar Index had reached levels first seen in early 2004 when gold was near $400.
Yet gold didn't even close under $700 in 2008's panic, vastly stronger than the dollar alone would suggest it should be. Once again this highlights the critical fact that the dollar is no longer gold's primary driver even though it can still temporarily influence gold at times.
In order to predict the future of gold prices, one needs to keep an eye on gold lease rates; a spike would be a good lead indicator that gold is about to punch higher as this would reflect a shortage of lendable bullion.
Rising lease rates will cause gold to go into backwardation as holders of gold may not want to sell their gold forward under any circumstances a trend currently evidenced by the high physical premium being paid for gold coins.
Rising lease rates prefigured the last big move in gold back in the spring of 2007 just as the two Bear Stearns hedge funds were blowing up. Central banks feared counterparty risk for the first time in 20 years and substantially curtailed gold lending and sales.
This led to a 40 per cent rally in gold from $700 to over $1,000.
Indians are collectively the world's biggest gold investors, so the rupee gold price is very important to the health of this global gold bull.
Thanks to a rupee collapse during the stock panic to dismal levels underneath where its secular bull started in mid-2002, rupee gold has been very strong. In fact, it surged to new bull highs during the stock panic and ended 2008 near these levels. During all this turmoil, India's deep cultural affinity for gold investment was strongly affirmed.
The rupee gold price is an important one to watch, thanks to India's enormous influence in the global gold markets. Even though tonnage of gold imports is suffering, rupee expenditure levels are holding up well in India.
Technical chartists say that gold could move into a parabolic fashion once the $1,000 per ounce barrier is broken. From there the speed of the move could accelerate sharply.
For many structural reasons, totally unrelated to the stock panic, the fundamentals of gold remain awesomely bullish. Its strong performance during the stock panic in most of the world is only icing on the cake that will drive additional investment demand.
How high can gold ultimately go? A Dow Jones Industrial Average/gold ratio of 2:1 would be a good sign the bull market in gold is getting well-advanced. We saw this in 1932 and 1980.
We are in a multi-year gold structural bull market that will eventually take the price to an integer multiple of where it is now.
Within the broader and longer-term positive environment for gold, we need to remember that short-term bursts of emotions might run to extremes. This might be the case in the current situation. Emotions have been running high. Gold is seriously over-bought. While investors need gold in their portfolio, the current price situation might not be the best for buyers.
Buy on price weakness, not strength. At the same time, it is never advisable to sell in a structural bull market.8. INFLATION, EXCHANGE RATE WITH DOLLAR, SENSEX AND GOLD PRICES.
Dollar is Negatively Co-related with Gold.
Correlation GoldDollar -70%
For Inflation Hedge
The value of gold, in terms of real goods and services that it can
buy, has remained remarkably stable. In contrast, the purchasing
power of many currencies have varied over time.
Gold has consistently reverted to its historic purchasing power
parity
Gold is an inflation hedge as proved by a 400-year study of the
purchasing power of gold in Britain between 1596 and 1997. One
ounce of gold would consistently purchase the same amount of
goods and services as it would have done 400 years ago.
GoldBeESGoldBeESTM9. RECENT TREND IN GOLD MARKET IN INDIA.
MUMBAI: Gold is no longer glittering in India, the biggest global market for the consumption and imports of the yellow metal. Gold imports to the country has plunged to zero levels, as no bank and trading houses imported any gold during the month of February.
Gold analysts said that February 2009 is perhaps the only month in this decade where there has been no gold imports to India. This is a serious issue. As gold market is all heated up, and gold prices have skyrocketed, imports of the yellow metal have practically stopped in India, said Akash Gupta, a bullion trader in Mumbais Zaveri Market.
Buying of gold jewellery has fallen sharply in January leading to a slump in the yellow metals imports. According to the Bombay Bullion Association, there was more than 90% plunge in gold imports in January. The trend has worsened for February. There was zero gold imports to India in February, the Association president Suresh Hundia. In 2008, Indias gold imports dipped by 45 per cent to touch 450 tons.
In the last eight years from 2000, gold imports to India every year have been between 400-800 tons. But trade bodies have warned that gold imports this year could collapse to 100 tons, if the current trend continues. It will not be a surprise if gold imports fall to an all-time low of 100 tons or below in 2009, said bullion analyst Ashish Roy.
High prices, global economic meltdown and financial crunch among investors and bullion dealers led to low demand for gold in India, where yellow metal is considered the best safe haven investment and people buy gold for weddings and other ceremonies.
According to Hundia, gold sales and demand are plunging to negligible levels because of high prices. Gold and jewellery sector is reeling under a crisis because of high prices and retrenchments across sectors, he said. Gold prices which in December was from Rs 13,505 for10 grams moved to an all-time high of Rs 16,000 per ten grams last week.
Analysts and India trade bodies have predicted that gold prices could zoom to Rs 17,000 per ten grams by April this year. They also say that if this lowest level of gold intake continues in India, 2009 will be the worst year in this decade as far as gold imports are concerned. But despite the gloom in gold imports and sales in India, bullion traders hope that the gold market might pick up in April-May season.
The World Gold Council has predicted there will be a modest gain in gold purchases in India during the summer wedding season and the Hindu religious festival of Akshaya Tritiya. There will be a modest growth of 10-15 per cent in the Indian domestic jewellery business, said K Shivram, Vice-President, World Gold Council. Shivram says gold sales will pick in April-May-June after the dull season of December and January.
10. CONCLUSION
Internationally trading in Gold has given the investors very safe and very fruitful option. Today people who earlier feared from entering the market are investing in Gold as it is the most safest asset and also its price is less fluctuating. Gold Market has developed vastly since it was started. Recently gold prices touched the height of Rs.16000/- per 10gm which astonished everybody. The reason may be any but today people willing to invest in Gold rather than Stock. Below the graph relating to increase in investment in Gold is give.
This graph is made by making an average of the whole months investment taking 16th as the base from the year October, 2006 to the year February, 2009. It clearly shows that how there is an increase of investment in gold. Gold has significantly low correlation to other assets like equity indices, fixed income and commodities. Therefore adding gold to a portfolio may help improve risk adjusted returns or reduce volatility for the expected return.
Indian Scenario
There is need for an instrument which has
Small denomination
Cost efficiency
Convenience for long term holding
Greater uniform availability
Transparency
Liquidity
Tax Efficiency
Gold BeES Can fulfill this Need
Improving stability and predictability of returns
Gold improves the stability and predictability of portfolio returns. It is not correlated with other assets because the gold price is not necessarily driven by the same factors that drive the performance of other assets
Adding gold to a portfolio introduces an entirely different class of asset. Gold is unusual because it is both a commodity and a monetary asset
Gold is one of the few financial assets that is not linked to a liability. It can provide 'insurance' against extreme movements on the value of traditional asset classes._1304160456.xlsChart1
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116743001878196018611902
112657001894201617921996
26965002015212319952100
217357002096224520202224
4124002245225922402255
198044002260233922262316
210446002309245223092387
166928002365239921252172
203539002141214820102046
173154002060209519231946
3658001955196919541959
137907001942197018491859
156177001846194417741850
153098002066217220642084
3357002081210020752082
93893002070208519761998
189772001991215419332032
166534002039211319932093
182753002158221020012053
148761002075223820472199
6215002238226522352238
191832002269231821102133
176890002118211820022050
157259002032207819812034
147135002045212920212072
1742002052206020482058
158519002061206119602023
149862002005201219501975
150074001994204919812013
132782001995200719351995
148703001990200118901955
5491001967197519421948
168879001951206019321982
198370001975203518921909
136980001908190818071820
156734001808180816801713
165808001685186416491810
3087002080208020672071
60606002060209520172024
135376002016205219041959
111542001943195718751897
167947001885200018591986
168139001980200318831919
6449001933198619331978
149562001981207319401958
136353001936196719051932
224942001933212719332111
164135002125227921252232
172488002246228421822252
3117002262226322462259
Volume (BBL)
Open (Rs)
High
Low
Close
Sheet1
DateVolume (BBL)Open (Rs)HighLowClose
16-Oct-0678002949294928902929
17-Oct-0652002950296528982905
18-Oct-0623002917291728652882
19-Oct-0632002860290028552879
20-Oct-06392002910294028502860
21-Oct-065002851286028512857
23-Oct-0626002851285128032816
24-Oct-0612002807284528072835
25-Oct-0653002851292028392912
26-Oct-06104002929293728892893
27-Oct-0655002901290728612895
28-Oct-063002896289728882894
30-Oct-062368002902290228252830
31-Oct-065670002815283127762791
1-Nov-06129002812282528002803
2-Nov-0671002817282127852810
3-Nov-0663002794283327802827
4-Nov-0613002823283728222828
6-Nov-06111002820287628132872
7-Nov-061284002856286528292844
8-Nov-06107002820285128122842
9-Nov-06172002850288128442866
10-Nov-0692002876288728602866
11-Nov-0633002845285528452852
13-Nov-06204002860286628142830
14-Nov-06294002833284528242839
15-Nov-06446002833286828252852
16-Nov-061368002855285527722786
17-Nov-061930002762276227052746
18-Nov-0664002749274927452746
20-Nov-061444002725274127102732
21-Nov-061449002744276727372761
22-Nov-061665002765278427082723
23-Nov-06590002730274027162734
24-Nov-061038002737276627302755
25-Nov-0641002752276027522758
27-Nov-061847002750277527392759
28-Nov-061789002769280427682788
29-Nov-062180002799285027982848
30-Nov-062131002852289428522889
1-Dec-062381002871289328572891
2-Dec-061468002895295928952925
4-Dec-062947002921293028612881
5-Dec-065384002889289828342882
6-Dec-063972002875288628482880
7-Dec-064273002862287028362843
8-Dec-064146002848288228482870
9-Dec-061128002865286528372843
11-Dec-067970002835284228122830
12-Dec-067508002821283128012807
13-Dec-0611868002800281427802802
14-Dec-0617205002804284528022832
15-Dec-0620873002835286028272846
16-Dec-061260002857286028542858
18-Dec-0622702002857287028152828
19-Dec-0626462002826284127992836
20-Dec-0630236002834286828322859
21-Dec-0626441002856285627922809
22-Dec-0616694002804282227822792
23-Dec-06462002883288327932801
26-Dec-0624466002811282527182728
27-Dec-0624217002733274326972718
28-Dec-0623789002710271226802691
29-Dec-0619426002699272226722711
30-Dec-062836002715274827142730
1-Jan-07755002729273227162728
2-Jan-0727684002721273126862701
3-Jan-0733531002706271026022610
4-Jan-0746491002608261025092519
5-Jan-0738620002506250624412473
6-Jan-072012002479250724792495
8-Jan-0740557002506256824572486
9-Jan-0743005002480249823982483
10-Jan-0732807002478247924042420
11-Jan-0725342002405243723462366
12-Jan-0719403002351236123022339
16-Jan-0748867002390240923162325
17-Jan-0751933002330234522782331
18-Jan-0759338002345239522872311
19-Jan-0733764002306238123012372
20-Jan-071225002377237823672370
22-Jan-0748249002375243023472362
23-Jan-0739258002345239723402385
24-Jan-0756402002392245423862437
25-Jan-0751722002443247724182429
27-Jan-072483002434246124342454
29-Jan-0741482002460248324152425
30-Jan-0746409002425251123972501
31-Jan-0757872002507255624702516
1-Feb-0759407002525259025232568
2-Feb-0727900002563256325212538
3-Feb-074142002547260025472599
5-Feb-0750080002601263925832615
6-Feb-0744276002606263725812591
7-Feb-0751518002590263425432563
8-Feb-0739536002560257225282549
9-Feb-0745402002553266325532655
10-Feb-071791002641264126282631
12-Feb-0738457002625262525342543
13-Feb-0730773002545262025322604
14-Feb-0714011002599261325372548
15-Feb-079263002561257725002520
16-Feb-0741087002556262725562618
17-Feb-071269002623262626152621
19-Feb-0710515002626263025992604
20-Feb-0737710002610261625532574
21-Feb-0748229002578264925632641
22-Feb-0749351002646269926282688
23-Feb-0754036002685272426732688
24-Feb-07994002690269426852692
26-Feb-0748120002695272326792710
27-Feb-0766569002710274226552734
28-Feb-0755413002735273526652703
1-Mar-0769229002700275926902721
2-Mar-0735205002725275627162728
3-Mar-071406002722272527102723
5-Mar-0743734002718271826582675
6-Mar-0735059002680270026652691
7-Mar-0742128002695274926912738
8-Mar-0739224002745275627132734
9-Mar-0732067002733273826852697
10-Mar-072547002691269126512668
12-Mar-0739126002666266626012621
13-Mar-0723034002629265226062618
14-Mar-0714240002602260225252569
15-Mar-079114002573259325602567
16-Mar-0731408002655268926372653
17-Mar-071537002636264726352646
19-Mar-0745115002647266226192645
20-Mar-0745921002646265526092614
21-Mar-0739919002619262525992612
22-Mar-0748716002617268726172674
23-Mar-0749409002682273026782710
24-Mar-07880002712271827122716
26-Mar-0745579002720275027152723
27-Mar-0732227002729273227072719
28-Mar-0781460002727279627272764
29-Mar-0780255002764288627612871
30-Mar-0790841002879290428472860
2-Apr-0748991002860288628262878
3-Apr-0773724002875287527672794
4-Apr-0771105002786280827432765
5-Apr-0748786002773278727422748
6-Apr-07993002752275727382742
7-Apr-07463002741274627372742
9-Apr-0745389002737275026692679
10-Apr-0741039002666267526382665
11-Apr-0737603002660268726462657
12-Apr-0725861002660272526602714
13-Apr-0712169002717276127142721
16-Apr-0737487002835283627622776
17-Apr-0737353002770281027372746
18-Apr-0742699002745274526972730
19-Apr-0733287002730274826892700
20-Apr-0735139002696270626772702
21-Apr-07702002705271127052710
23-Apr-0731017002707274726872741
24-Apr-0739487002747276126742686
25-Apr-0732482002675271626712709
26-Apr-0724795002715272826842703
27-Apr-0729509002699273226802726
28-Apr-07744002732273427262728
30-Apr-0732986002734275127142744
1-May-0746993002736273626882702
2-May-0748278002691269126202641
3-May-0748674002640265725982612
4-May-0744755002610261325322541
5-May-071210002531253925272534
7-May-0743692002533253824982514
8-May-0748755002522256425112548
9-May-0738883002553256224922516
10-May-0739238002516257925162560
11-May-0724577002560258425502560
12-May-07885002565257225652567
14-May-0714933002565258325532571
15-May-0717360002563258625372572
16-May-0726629002648266126072620
17-May-0728517002623269126232685
18-May-0728330002684271126822686
19-May-07269002687268926852688
21-May-0736172002691273326642719
22-May-0731128002725272526672676
23-May-0744705002677269126492674
24-May-0738849002678268826082619
25-May-0730596002620265326162636
26-May-07726002641264926412644
28-May-078796002638263926152623
29-May-0734283002619263025452553
30-May-0739988002556261025562600
31-May-0752337002599260525492582
1-Jun-0739306002587264525872636
2-Jun-071105002631263626272634
4-Jun-0735572002630269426182676
5-Jun-0739697002678268426462660
6-Jun-0737646002666269026502683
7-Jun-0750421002687273726752719
8-Jun-0743580002720272826582674
9-Jun-07920002668267226662670
11-Jun-0741003002672269226412683
12-Jun-0729099002679268926482655
13-Jun-0738893002662271826592705
14-Jun-0725857002705277126972759
15-Jun-0721424002765279727532790
16-Jun-07885002798279927932797
18-Jun-0738318002792283727712821
19-Jun-0741259002825284928072845
20-Jun-0753765002841284127632788
21-Jun-0748728002799284427852803
22-Jun-0750529002800282827812815
23-Jun-07458002816281628122813
25-Jun-0758817002811282727612816
26-Jun-0741288002817282927732783
27-Jun-0759694002775282527452816
28-Jun-0744798002823286928102839
29-Jun-0726587002834286828282861
30-Jun-07479002862286428592863
2-Jul-0739876002863286928212862
3-Jul-0726760002860288328572879
4-Jul-076417002880288228652878
5-Jul-0753515002879291528592889
6-Jul-0741672002889293828862918
7-Jul-07912002924293129242930
9-Jul-0740709002926294428982905
10-Jul-0733381002905293628892929
11-Jul-0734247002925294429042932
12-Jul-0747609002933298429152941
13-Jul-0726002002941299229252982
16-Jul-0743394002974299629672978
17-Jul-0761633002977302529682996
18-Jul-0745597002991303329813023
19-Jul-0751033003025305830153037
20-Jul-0743220003042306730333039
21-Jul-07508003044304630433045
23-Jul-0743411003043304429963010
24-Jul-0758545003007300729352968
25-Jul-0765131002964303729383030
26-Jul-0765741003035310930183035
27-Jul-0754777003034310530193093
28-Jul-071909003104311731043116
30-Jul-0766067003112312430753111
31-Jul-0755214003100314530883137
1-Aug-0786680003140316830753086
2-Aug-0773727003093312030523088
3-Aug-0759633003094311130433059
4-Aug-071618003052305230363045
6-Aug-0776141003036303629352942
7-Aug-0782804002933293428742922
8-Aug-0775561002930296429102944
9-Aug-0766855002936293628672919
10-Aug-0748628002910291528552903
11-Aug-07605002906291029032906
13-Aug-0756244002910296929102924
14-Aug-0735029002921295029052938
16-Aug-0752880002934302129262958
17-Aug-0737770002972298729492965
18-Aug-07995002955295929502957
20-Aug-0747391002953295328912898
21-Aug-0765239002904293628452863
22-Aug-0760540002867288528182838
23-Aug-0742006002841286928292847
24-Aug-0743727002848291628482911
25-Aug-071998002908294229082925
27-Aug-0736648002920292728772923
28-Aug-0741678002928296829272958
29-Aug-0743406002959300129362994
30-Aug-0744011003003302929943002
31-Aug-0730064003003303030013019
1-Sep-07790003017301730103012
3-Sep-079841003020303930193034
4-Sep-0738093003030306430083055
5-Sep-0732320003066309030543086
6-Sep-0756997003091314630683079
7-Sep-0737581003083312430753115
8-Sep-071325003112312031123118
10-Sep-0734270003113311330663091
11-Sep-0762217003095315530953133
12-Sep-0751823003145322831453220
13-Sep-0736587003225324132023229
14-Sep-0732237003232325032073233
17-Sep-0747917003160319431193187
18-Sep-0747191003194323531833226
19-Sep-0754418003230324931863206
20-Sep-0728383003210321531793201
21-Sep-0740372003206326432023211
22-Sep-07733003220322332193221
24-Sep-0724979003214323031853223
25-Sep-0747968003222322231363163
26-Sep-0758867003160319131103124
27-Sep-0765751003140327931403254
28-Sep-0758961003270330732463289
29-Sep-074353003287328732393247
1-Oct-0754080003238324531723180
3-Oct-0754981003185319731483177
4-Oct-0757063003173321031163204
5-Oct-0738353003204321831733196
6-Oct-07925003199319931823186
8-Oct-0746787003181318531013111
9-Oct-0756947003109318930903173
10-Oct-0737721003168317031323163
11-Oct-0751439003163327731633269
12-Oct-0732337003262330132463292
13-Oct-07699003287329432853293
15-Oct-0734254003285337632813367
16-Oct-0767889003305341133003385
17-Oct-0774087003394346933763418
18-Oct-0751248003415345833833447
19-Oct-0751414003459350134123426
20-Oct-07980003427343434273429
22-Oct-0762476003428345533783432
23-Oct-0768855003419342433563367
24-Oct-0766068003356344233503434
25-Oct-0758035003444353834443529
26-Oct-0774455003538362035383568
27-Oct-072697003560360735603595
29-Oct-0749283003599365735973637
30-Oct-0751380003635364735793599
31-Oct-0785862003592369835013687
1-Nov-07100865003699375536073662
2-Nov-0761649003648374436483729
3-Nov-071680003729375137293744
5-Nov-0765138003724376036673745
6-Nov-0754500003750379837043790
7-Nov-0772069003799386237123739
8-Nov-0757616003746383337433757
9-Nov-075962003747376537123726
10-Nov-07967003742377637423771
12-Nov-0754823003768377536773715
13-Nov-0771335003710372835733590
14-Nov-0754566003590368935903673
15-Nov-0735858003687371736073640
16-Nov-0736563003580368035803661
17-Nov-07884003670367636673674
19-Nov-0745887003685372536473690
20-Nov-0744663003690382336813806
21-Nov-0767550003820389037723790
22-Nov-0711632003809382637833801
23-Nov-0731841003809387737913868
26-Nov-0755763003867391538183869
27-Nov-0757678003851385137413758
28-Nov-0774069003747377736173630
29-Nov-07113828003635376335963612
30-Nov-0769603003602363935103556
1-Dec-071852003551355135123527
3-Dec-0762771003544356934423470
4-Dec-0778285003480357634453467
5-Dec-0799596003474356934743498
6-Dec-0770433003495350934013498
7-Dec-0776862003510356934423453
8-Dec-071324003453347834533474
10-Dec-0775588003465353734353456
11-Dec-0759998003460354034603529
12-Dec-0779630003520368435013666
13-Dec-0767405003698373236183630
14-Dec-0739622003640367435663606
17-Dec-0763491003605362135363556
18-Dec-0778543003565365835183530
19-Dec-0778752003536360835363597
20-Dec-0758116003609363435703619
21-Dec-0743484003610367835813671
22-Dec-07987003679368136703675
24-Dec-0732496003672369136393683
26-Dec-0750207003693378536933763
27-Dec-0754580003770383937423830
28-Dec-0756028003831384737833814
29-Dec-072128003725378837253781
31-Dec-0738532003785380237323763
1-Jan-081396003772378037703774
2-Jan-0873685003775391537753898
3-Jan-0877387003910393538763900
4-Jan-0864546003897390038153836
5-Jan-081306003840384138333839
7-Jan-0878857003822386037133738
8-Jan-0864164003743382237353798
9-Jan-0865379003795384037433807
10-Jan-0872766003790379036653700
11-Jan-0853592003703372336443660
12-Jan-081061003650365036423645
14-Jan-0836027003645370836353687
15-Jan-0831537003696370235683582
16-Jan-0847755003592360335003527
17-Jan-0857279003530359635033529
18-Jan-0830045003522356835103523
19-Jan-08517003535354435353540
21-Jan-0824461003545355434813489
22-Jan-0860028003481352333953511
23-Jan-0849026003510353234373449
24-Jan-0845618003460350334353491
25-Jan-0835908003502359035023549
28-Jan-0837731003540358334993569
29-Jan-0833622003568360835553575
30-Jan-0841257003590363835853608
31-Jan-0837490003600360035253559
1-Feb-0850099003571361034803495
2-Feb-08808003496350034873497
4-Feb-0852136003498357034683555
5-Feb-0847848003545354534673489
6-Feb-0855123003476350934223434
7-Feb-0836989003426347334093458
8-Feb-0848275003474362034743604
9-Feb-081041003617362036053608
11-Feb-0849917003617375236003715
12-Feb-0851467003695372536473680
13-Feb-0842715003671372036453709
14-Feb-0832975003701377736943750
15-Feb-0841011003765383437533775
19-Feb-0853962003795390937953901
20-Feb-0856950003910396738923952
21-Feb-0868328003955398238463865
22-Feb-0863472003875393938633920
23-Feb-08952003935393539213923
25-Feb-0839905003930396038873932
26-Feb-0849923003924401739134009
27-Feb-0851730004015404239524007
28-Feb-0854661003992404639254034
29-Feb-0840801004038408340324058
1-Mar-08933004060406040484051
3-Mar-0849309004054417240514166
4-Mar-0863078004141415339994030
5-Mar-0853683004016419140014167
6-Mar-0858379004188424841314179
7-Mar-0848612004183430241834269
8-Mar-08924004263427442604262
10-Mar-0860585004258435842064346
11-Mar-0860137004353442743064350
12-Mar-0854959004365441743114399
13-Mar-0849365004424448543964409
14-Mar-0837329004435448244054464
17-Mar-0870664004397445641404173
18-Mar-0855342004209431942094292
19-Mar-0866566004280433241324158
20-Mar-0853109004156415639994073
24-Mar-0845741004051410340304081
25-Mar-0867599004064406439614016
26-Mar-0856966004032423640324223
27-Mar-0866295004236431541984304
28-Mar-0846930004288428841554171
29-Mar-082819004162417141624169
31-Mar-0857558004156426040154027
1-Apr-0851419004040408639844056
2-Apr-0850210004045414139894114
3-Apr-0856454004115423941154164
4-Apr-0836537004154422941524215
5-Apr-08636004226423542234227
7-Apr-0847633004235436442264350
8-Apr-0858552004344437442964354
9-Apr-0852651004344448843104461
10-Apr-0856833004439448043424411
11-Apr-0841052004385441743474371
12-Apr-081118004378440943784403
14-Apr-0829250004406446544064434
15-Apr-0835967004460455244604531
16-Apr-0858013004498454744424514
17-Apr-0841344004524457545184532
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Sheet2
Sheet3