Golden Age for AgroBiotechnology

Kim, Byung-Dong

Seoul National University &

Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding Research

Prediction by Nikkei Business

Most Promising Technologies in early 21C

Biotechnology & medicine - 1013 yen in 2010

Information Appliances & Computer

Environment

GMO

Mass production by 2001

Commercialization by 2006

농업적 형질

질적 형질

식물 화학 공장신제품

1995 2000 2005 2010

[그림 2] 바이오 테크놀로지 발전의 3단계

Current Topics in Transgenic Plants

QTLAFLP병저항성RFLP

웅성불임

병저항성

SSR

BAC library

생산량

품질향상

ESTs

Physical/Genetic map

Microarray

Functional Genomics

Transformation

Genome Projects

신종자 생산

BREEDING PROGRAM

Gene cloning

Plant genomics areaAquaculture

Arabidopsis

Barley

Brassicas

Compositae

Cotton

Edible Legumes

Forage & Turfgrass

Forest Tree

Fruit/Nut Tree

Lolium

Grape

Legumes

Maize

Ornamentals

Rice

Solanaceae

Sugarcane

Sugar Beet

Abiotic Stress

Apomixis

Bioinformatics/Computers

Comparative Genomics

Databases, Gene Systematics, and Nomenclature

Functional Genomics

Large-Insert DNA Libraries and Their Applications

Molecular Markers for Plant Breeders

Organellar Genetics

Plant Alien Introgression

Plant Cytogenetics

Plant Interaction with Pests and Pathogens

Plant Transformation

Plant Transgene Genetics

Polyploidy

Statistical Methods

Transcriptional Profiling

The Goals of Genome Science

1. Integrated Web-based database and research interface

2. Physical and genetic maps of the genome

3. Ordering of genomic and expressed gene sequences

4. Annotation of the complete set of genes encoded within a genome (ORFeom)

5. Atlases of gene expression (Transcriptome)

6. Functional data, including biochemical and phenotypic properties genes

(Proteomics, Functional and Structural genomics, Metabolomics)

7. DNA sequence diversity (SNP, LD, QTL)

8. Comparison with other genomes (Comparative genomics)

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[ 백만 ]

염기

[ 그림 6] DNA 염기서열 정보의 증가 ( 세계유전자은행 )

Arabidopsis

2000.12.

Human.

2001.2.

Rice

2002.4.

SNP DNA Chip

Proteomics

Genomic DNA

EST Protein sequenc

e

Gene Function

3D Structu

re

Comparative Genomics

Microbiology

Database Analysis

Bioinformatics : Data is King

http://ars-genome.cornell.edu http://ukcrop.net

Major resources for plant genomics

국내 식물유전체 연구사업

1. 작물기능유전체사업단

2. 바이오그린 21: 농업생명과학원 - 벼 , 배추

3. 국가유전체정보센터 : 자생식물사업단 - 고추 , 인삼

고추의 고추의 Genetic linkage map Genetic linkage map 작성작성

Promoter Promoter 연구연구 유전자 기작 연구유전자 기작 연구 Database searchDatabase search

내병성 관련 유전자고추 과색 관련 유전자내병성 관련 유전자

Phenylalanine (-5.0)

Cinnamate(+5.8)

CHS (+3.3)

Benzoicacid (+2.0)

Hydroxybenzoicacid (-11.1)

Protocatechoicacid (-3.2)

Gallicacid (+2.0)

Ellagicacid (-33.3)

Cinnamateglucose (+2.0)

Ethyl cinnamate (-7.7)

Naringenin

F3H (+3.2)

Dihydrokaempferol(-9.1)

ANS (+6.7)

Pelargonidin (+9.46)

Kaempferol

DFR (1.9)

Leucopelargonidin(-25)

ANS (+6.7)

Catechin(condensed

tannins)(-25)

GT1 (+8.3)

Pelargonidin glucoside (+255)Cyanidin glucoside (+2.1)

GT1 (+8.3)

Quercetin Dihydroquercetin(-2.4)

Cyanidin

Leucocyanidin(-2.7)

Naringenin chalcone

CHI (+4.3)

Coumarate(+3.2)

Coumaroyl - CoACoumarin(+5.5)

Hydroxycoumarin(+5.44)

CaffeateCaffeoyl

CoA

Chlorogenicacid

+ Quinicacid (-4.2)

Coumaraldehyde(+5.86) Coumaryl alcohol (+3.29)

CAD(+8.8)

CCR (+3.6)

Ferulate(+3.9)

Hydroxyferulate(+2.4)

Sinapate(+3.8)

SinapoylCoA

Sinapaldehyde(+2.4)

Sinapyl alcohol (+5.8)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

OMT (+2.6)

OMT (+2.6)

GT2 (+3.7)

GST (+2.8)vacuoleGST (+2.8)

Kaempferolglucoside (+2.1)

Catechol(+2.0) Anthranilate (-2.3) Gentisic

acid (-3.2)

Vanillic acid (-12.5)

Glucogallin(hydrolyzable tannins)(-4.3)

PAL

Coumarateglucose (+9.6)

Quercetinglucoside (-7.7)

Methyl cinnamate (-5.3)

FeruloylCoA

Coniferaldehyde

Coniferylalcohol

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)DFR (1.9)

Scopoletin(+5.31)

Phenylalanine (-5.0)

Cinnamate(+5.8)

CHS (+3.3)

Benzoicacid (+2.0)

Hydroxybenzoicacid (-11.1)

Protocatechoicacid (-3.2)

Gallicacid (+2.0)

Ellagicacid (-33.3)

Cinnamateglucose (+2.0)

Ethyl cinnamate (-7.7)

Naringenin

F3H (+3.2)

Dihydrokaempferol(-9.1)

ANS (+6.7)

Pelargonidin (+9.46)

Kaempferol

DFR (1.9)

Leucopelargonidin(-25)

ANS (+6.7)

Catechin(condensed

tannins)(-25)

GT1 (+8.3)

Pelargonidin glucoside (+255)Cyanidin glucoside (+2.1)

GT1 (+8.3)

Quercetin Dihydroquercetin(-2.4)

Cyanidin

Leucocyanidin(-2.7)

Naringenin chalcone

CHI (+4.3)

Coumarate(+3.2)

Coumaroyl - CoACoumarin(+5.5)

Hydroxycoumarin(+5.44)

CaffeateCaffeoyl

CoA

Chlorogenicacid

+ Quinicacid (-4.2)

Coumaraldehyde(+5.86) Coumaryl alcohol (+3.29)

CAD(+8.8)

CCR (+3.6)

Ferulate(+3.9)

Hydroxyferulate(+2.4)

Sinapate(+3.8)

SinapoylCoA

Sinapaldehyde(+2.4)

Sinapyl alcohol (+5.8)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

OMT (+2.6)

OMT (+2.6)

GT2 (+3.7)

GST (+2.8)vacuoleGST (+2.8)

Kaempferolglucoside (+2.1)

Catechol(+2.0) Anthranilate (-2.3) Gentisic

acid (-3.2)

Vanillic acid (-12.5)

Glucogallin(hydrolyzable tannins)(-4.3)

PAL

Coumarateglucose (+9.6)

Quercetinglucoside (-7.7)

Methyl cinnamate (-5.3)

FeruloylCoA

Coniferaldehyde

Coniferylalcohol

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)DFR (1.9)

Scopoletin(+5.31)

Combining Metabolic and Gene Expression Profiling

Phenylalanine (-5.0)

Cinnamate(+5.8)Hydroxybenzoic

acid (-11.1)Protocatechoic

acid (-3.2)

Ellagicacid (-33.3)

Ethyl cinnamate (-7.7)

Naringenin

Dihydrokaempferol(-9.1)

DFR (1.9)

Kaempferol

Leucopelargonidin(-25)

DFR (1.9) Catechin(condensed

tannins)(-25)

Quercetin Dihydroquercetin(-2.4)

Cyanidin

Leucocyanidin(-2.7)

Naringenin chalcone

Coumarate(+3.2)

Coumaroyl - CoACoumarin(+5.5)

Hydroxycoumarin(+5.44)

CaffeateCaffeoyl

CoA

Chlorogenicacid

+ Quinicacid (-4.2)

SinapoylCoA

vacuole

Catechol(+2.0) Anthranilate (-2.3) Gentisic

acid (-3.2)

Vanillic acid (-12.5)

Glucogallin(hydrolyzable tannins)(-4.3)

PAL

Coumarateglucose (+9.6)

Quercetinglucoside (-7.7)

Methyl cinnamate (-5.3)

Benzoicacid (+2.0)

Gallicacid (+2.0)

Cinnamateglucose (+2.0)GT2 (+3.7)

FeruloylCoA

Coniferaldehyde

Coniferylalcohol

CHS (+3.3)

F3H (+3.2)

ANS (+6.7)

Pelargonidin (+9.46)

ANS (+6.7)

GT1 (+8.3)

Pelargonidin glucoside (+255)Cyanidin glucoside (+2.1)

GT1 (+8.3)

CHI (+4.3)

GST (+2.8)GST (+2.8)

Kaempferolglucoside (+2.1)

CCR (+3.6)

Coumaraldehyde(+5.86) Coumaryl alcohol (+3.29)

CAD(+8.8)

Ferulate(+3.9)

Hydroxyferulate(+2.4)

Sinapate(+3.8)

Sinapaldehyde(+2.4)

Sinapyl alcohol (+5.8)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

OMT (+2.6)

OMT (+2.6)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

Scopoletin(+5.31)

Phenylalanine (-5.0)

Cinnamate(+5.8)Hydroxybenzoic

acid (-11.1)Protocatechoic

acid (-3.2)

Ellagicacid (-33.3)

Ethyl cinnamate (-7.7)

Naringenin

Dihydrokaempferol(-9.1)

DFR (1.9)

Kaempferol

Leucopelargonidin(-25)

DFR (1.9) Catechin(condensed

tannins)(-25)

Quercetin Dihydroquercetin(-2.4)

Cyanidin

Leucocyanidin(-2.7)

Naringenin chalcone

Coumarate(+3.2)

Coumaroyl - CoACoumarin(+5.5)

Hydroxycoumarin(+5.44)

CaffeateCaffeoyl

CoA

Chlorogenicacid

+ Quinicacid (-4.2)

SinapoylCoA

vacuole

Catechol(+2.0) Anthranilate (-2.3) Gentisic

acid (-3.2)

Vanillic acid (-12.5)

Glucogallin(hydrolyzable tannins)(-4.3)

PAL

Coumarateglucose (+9.6)

Quercetinglucoside (-7.7)

Methyl cinnamate (-5.3)

Benzoicacid (+2.0)

Gallicacid (+2.0)

Cinnamateglucose (+2.0)GT2 (+3.7)

FeruloylCoA

Coniferaldehyde

Coniferylalcohol

CHS (+3.3)

F3H (+3.2)

ANS (+6.7)

Pelargonidin (+9.46)

ANS (+6.7)

GT1 (+8.3)

Pelargonidin glucoside (+255)Cyanidin glucoside (+2.1)

GT1 (+8.3)

CHI (+4.3)

GST (+2.8)GST (+2.8)

Kaempferolglucoside (+2.1)

CHS (+3.3)

F3H (+3.2)

ANS (+6.7)

Pelargonidin (+9.46)

ANS (+6.7)

GT1 (+8.3)

Pelargonidin glucoside (+255)Cyanidin glucoside (+2.1)

GT1 (+8.3)

CHI (+4.3)

GST (+2.8)GST (+2.8)

Kaempferolglucoside (+2.1)

CCR (+3.6)

Coumaraldehyde(+5.86) Coumaryl alcohol (+3.29)

CAD(+8.8)

Ferulate(+3.9)

Hydroxyferulate(+2.4)

Sinapate(+3.8)

Sinapaldehyde(+2.4)

Sinapyl alcohol (+5.8)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

OMT (+2.6)

OMT (+2.6)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

Scopoletin(+5.31)

CCR (+3.6)

Coumaraldehyde(+5.86) Coumaryl alcohol (+3.29)

CAD(+8.8)

Ferulate(+3.9)

Hydroxyferulate(+2.4)

Sinapate(+3.8)

Sinapaldehyde(+2.4)

Sinapyl alcohol (+5.8)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

OMT (+2.6)

OMT (+2.6)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

Scopoletin(+5.31)

Coumaraldehyde(+5.86) Coumaryl alcohol (+3.29)

CAD(+8.8)

Ferulate(+3.9)

Hydroxyferulate(+2.4)

Sinapate(+3.8)

Sinapaldehyde(+2.4)

Sinapyl alcohol (+5.8)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

OMT (+2.6)

OMT (+2.6)

CCR (+3.6)

CAD (+8.8)

Scopoletin(+5.31)

Green > Red Red > Green

Metabolic and gene expression profiling in the phenylpropanoid and related pathways. Background color represents metabolism of flavonoids (yellow), lignin (blue), coumarin (gray), tannins (green) and cinnamic acid derivatives (pink). Genes analyzed for their expression by microarrays are indicated in capital and italic and their expression R/G expression ratio in parentheses. Metabolites or genes showing elevated expression in the red stage compared to green or visa versa is depicted in red or green colors, respectively, those not detected are in black and ones detected but with no significant change in expression are depicted in black and underlined. PAL- phenylalanine ammonia lyase; CHS- chalcone synthase; CHI- chalcone flavanone isomerase; F3H- flavanone-3-hydroxylase; DFR- dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS- anthocyanidin synthase; GT- glucosyltransferase; GST- glutathione S-transferase; OMT- O- methyl transferase; CCR- cinnamoyl CoA reductase; CAD- cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Dashed lines indicated multiple steps in the pathway.

가상현실을 이용한 식물대량생산시스템 구축

1. 대량생산체계

종자 ( 조직배양단계 ) -> 육묘단계 -> 영양생장단계 -> 생식생장단계

2. 실현 방법

모델링 및 측정 기법

3. 관찰 수준

거시적 차원 : 식물생육 , 식물형태 , 광합성량 , 병해충 반응결과 미시적 차원 : 세포분열 , 양수분이동 및 분배 식물생산시스템 : 광환경 추정 , 식물 ( 군락 ) 생산성 , 시스템 설계

4. 단계별 주요 관찰 대상

종자 ( 또는 조직배양 단계 ): 발아 ( 재분화 ) 육묘단계 : 형태형성 영양생장단계 : Biomass 생식생장단계 : 성분

5. 연구 동향

식물생장예측 --> 모델링 연구

식물형태예측 --> 모델링 연구

식물생산성예측 --> 모델링 + 3 차원 그래픽 연구

식물대량생산시스템설계 --> 가상현실 시스템 일부 연구

결론

1. 21 세기는 생명공학시대

2. 다국적 대기업에 의해 독점되는 추세

3. 게놈사업 , 바이오칩 , 대형화 – 자동화 – 신속화 ,

정보화

4. BT, IT, NT 의 접목에 의한 고도지식산업 창출가능