goldman sachs 2013 macro conf
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Goldman Sachs 2013 Macro ConfTRANSCRIPT
Goldman Sachs 2013 Global Macro Conference
New York
May 15, 2013
Michael Milken Chairman, The Milken Institute
Toward a More Prosperous Future
Milken Institute Global Conference
• Finance
• Industries
• Regions
• Education
• Human Capital
• Philanthropy
• Health
• Climate/Energy
• Government
• Media
April 28 – May 1, 2013
www.milkeninstitute.org
Milken Institute Global Conference
• 165 panels
• 620 speakers
• 3,700 attendees www.milkeninstitute.org
April 27 – 30, 2014
Investing in African Prosperity
Michael Milken Chairman,
Milken Institute
Rhonda Zygocki Executive Vice
President, Policy and Planning
Chevron
H.E. Paul Kagame President
Republic of Rwanda
Bill Gates Co-Chair and Trustee Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation
Tony Blair Former Prime Minister
Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Strive Masiyiwa Chairman and Founder,
Econet Wireless
What is the most
powerful force the
world has ever
produced?
#4 – “Compound interest.”
y=Cekt
A=Pert
a = Future Value
P = Original Principal
r = Rate
t = Time
• Things We Know for Sure
• Things That Will Change the World
Towards a More Prosperous Future
$25,000-a-year @ 0%
$6,642-a-year @ 6%
$1,304-a-year @ 12%
(or a one-time investment of $10,747)
Rate of Return Concerns
How to Save $1-Million in 40 Years
• Things We Know for Sure
• Things That Will Change the World
Towards a More Prosperous Future
Sources: U.S. State Dept.; U.K. Parliament
U.S. U.K.
20%
75%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Percent of Population Owning a Passport
Source: Bloomberg.
Expansion of balance sheets of major central banks
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Q1 2006 Q1 2007 Q1 2008 Q1 2009 Q1 2010 Q1 2011 Q1 2012
BoJ
ECB
BoE
Fed
Central bank total assets (% of GDP)
Source: Bloomberg
Central bank target interest rates remain low
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Percent
Federal Reserve
Bank of England
European Central Bank
Bank of Japan
0
0
0
1
1
1
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
S&P
500
Inde
x
40%21%
25%
QE Operation Twist QE2 QE4 QE3
Source: Bloomberg, 4/21/2013 Washington Post, NY Times, Babson Capital.
Quantitative Easing Effect on S&P 500
Note: 3-month interest rates: Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States; Weighted by 2012 GDP.
Sources: DataStream, International Monetary Fund, Milken Institute.
Global real short-term interest rates are negative
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Global real interest rate (%)
Record low 10-year treasury yields
Source: Bloomberg
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1964 1971 1978 1985 1992 1999 2006 2013
Average: 6.7 percent
Ten-year Treasuryyield, percent
1981 2012 • 3-year loan
• $10,000 car
• 18% interest
$796* monthly
payment
• 5-year loan
• $25,000 car
• 2.99% interest
$423 monthly
payment
Interest Rates and Buying a Car
* = 2012 dollars
Wealth Patterns in Selected Countries 2012 wealth per adult in 1,000 U.S. dollars (rounded)
Source: Global Wealth Databook 2012, Credit Suisse
Australia $354.9 $193.7 8.8% 5.5%
France $265.4 $81.3 17.0% 4.8%
Germany $174.5 $42.2 32.0% 2.2%
Italy $212.9 $123.7 20.8% 2.4%
Japan $269.7 $141.4 4.3% 3.4%
United Kingdom $250.0 $115.2 17.4% 3.3%
United States $262.3 $38.8 31.9% 4.7%
Country Average Median <$10k >$1M
When Social Security was introduced in
1935, the average life span in the U.S.
was 61.7 years.
In 2012, life expectancy in the U.S.
reached 78.6 years.
Sources: National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 54, no. 19, June 28, 2006.
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database.
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
95
85
75
65
55
Longer Life Expectancy; Longer Retirements France
Life
Expectancy at
age 65
Women
Men
Retirement Age
14.4 18.3 22.0 26.5
26.2 30.8
28.6 32.9
Source: OECD Ageing and Employment Policies, France 2005
Funding of the 100 Most-Underfunded
S&P 500 Defined-Benefit Pension Plans
Source: Bloomberg
$50
US$ Billions
$0
-$50
-$100
-$150
-$200
-$250
-$300 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Low interest rates are keeping a lid on funded levels S&P 500 U.S. Plans
U.S. (21.4%)
China (10.4%)
Japan (8.4%)
Germany (5.2%)
France (4.4%)
Brazil (3.6%)
U.K. (3.5%)
Italy (3.2%)
Russia (2.7%)
India (2.6%)
Sources: World Bank/Angus Maddison, “The World Economy: Historical Statistics” (OECD)/
PricewaterhouseCoopers/Milken Institute/Goldman Sachs (9/09); updated 2/25/13
Today
The World’s Top 10 Economies (Percent of World GDP)
2050 1820
China (28.7%)
India (16.0%)
France (5.4%)
England (5.2%)
Prussia (4.9%)
Japan (3.1%)
Austria (1.9%)
Spain (1.9%)
U.S. (1.8%)
Russia (1.7%)
China (18.2%)
U.S. (16.6%)
India (12.1%)
Brazil (4.8%)
Indonesia (3.5%)
Japan (3.1%)
Mexico (3.1%)
Russia (2.7%)
Germany (2.4%)
U.K. (2.2%)
World’s 10 Fastest Growing Economies Annual Average GDP Growth, %
Angola 11.1%
China 10.5%
Myanmar 10.3%
Nigeria 8.9%
Ethiopia 8.4%
Kazakhstan 8.2%
Chad 7.9%
Mozambique 7.9%
Cambodia 7.7%
Rwanda 7.6%
China 9.5%
India 8.2%
Ethiopia 8.1%
Mozambique 7.7%
Tanzania 7.2%
Vietnam 7.2%
Congo 7.0%
Ghana 7.0%
Zambia 6.9%
Nigeria 6.8%
2001 - 2010 2011 - 2015
Source: The Economist; IMF (excludes countries with populations<10 million)
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
Share of world GDP, based on purchasing -power-parity (PPP)
Advanced economies
Developing economies
Emerging market and developing economies are expected
to surpass advanced economies in 2013
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Market Capitalization: 1950
Europe
26%
Japan
9%
U.S.
59%
Other
6%
US + Japan = 68%
Europe
17%
U.S.
29%
Japan
40%
Other
14%
US + Japan = 69%
Market Capitalization: 1988
Europe
23%
Japan
8%
U.S.
34%
Other
35% US + Japan = 42%
Market Capitalization: 2013
Advancing Technology
• Cost
• Speed
• Storage
• Access
2013
$.01
1975
$10
Cost of a 1-Minute Phone Call from the U.S.
to India
Telecommunications cost to business
approaches zero.
Download speed
Ten years ago, a T1 line could download 1.2
megabits per second.
Today, a 4G device can download 6.4 megabits
per second.
… and much faster speeds are coming soon.
Source: PC World
IBM System 370/168 in 1976
• 8 megabytes for
$8 million
• Cost per megabyte:
$1 million
Apple iPad Mini
• 64 gigabytes for $529
• Cost per megabyte:
$0.008
By 2014, there will be more mobile phones –
7.3 billion – than people on the planet.
Source: Silicon India 2/28/13
Blockbuster $4.5 billion
Netflix $0.16 billion
40 Netflix = 1 Blockbuster
Blockbuster vs. Netflix - 2002 Market Value
Blockbuster vs. Netflix - 2013 Market Value
Netflix $13.1 billion
Blockbuster
$0
Date: 5/14/13
• Things We Know for Sure
• Things That Will Change the World
Towards a More Prosperous Future
Things That Will Change the World 1. Human Capital and Education
P = Prosperity
Ft = Financial Technology
HC = Human Capital
SC = Social Capital
RA = Real Assets
P=SFti*(SHCi+SSCi+SRAi)
The 21st century will see
a worldwide competition
for human capital.
Human capital
is the largest asset class.
Cost of Raw Materials & Energy
<2%
Today’s Microchip
1920’s Automobile
60%
60% of the nearly 1 million Chinese
people with assets over 10 million yuan
($1.6 million) are thinking about
emigrating to the U.S. or Europe.
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security (WSJ 2/22/12 “Plan B for China’s Wealthy: Moving to the U.S./Europe)
• Universal suffrage
• Universal education and health care
• Police and fire protection
• Religious freedom
• Cultural resources
• Property rights
• Protection of creditors
• Financial reporting standards
Examples of Social Capital
Three Ways for a Country
to Build Human Capital
• Increase education and practical skills
• Import people with skills
• Improve health and quality of life so
people are more productive
Between 1870 and 1950, Americans added
almost one year of education each decade.
By 1960, the highest average grade level in
the U.S. exceeded every other nation by two
years.
Since 1960, we have made no progress and
several other nations have surpassed us.
Source: Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz / The Race between Education and Technology
“I believe we can keep the
promise of our founding,
the idea that if you’re
willing to work hard … you
can make it here in
America, if you’re willing
to try.”
- Reelection Night Source: New York Times 11/7/12
20%
Skilled
20%
Semi-
skilled
1950 Today
60% Unskilled
20%
Semi-
skilled
65% Skilled
15% Unskilled
Skilled and Unskilled Jobs
U.S. lags significantly in graduating engineers 2008 (or most recent year)
Sources: National Science Foundation, MAPI.
Percent of first university degrees in engineering
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
U.S. U.K. Canada Germany Japan Korea China
Source: Edward Gordon, “Winning the Global Talent Showdown”
The Jobs Problem
(It Isn’t Jobs – It’s Trained Workers)
125
100
75
50
25
Millions
123,000,000 high-
skilled jobs will be
available in 2020
50,000,000
Americans will qualify
for those jobs
Return
Job Training
Preschool
Programs
School
Opportunity Cost of Funds
Return on Human Capital Investment
Source: James Heckman, University of Chicago
Age
“Big gaps in educational
attainment are present by age 5.
Some children are bathed in an
atmosphere that promotes human
capital development, and,
increasingly, more are not.”
“By 5, it is possible to predict with
depressing accuracy, who will
complete high school and who
won’t.”
James Heckman
Nobel Prize in
Economics
Source: New York Times – July 29, 2008
Knowledge Universe
Knowledge Universe
Early Childhood
Education
Dependent Care
Services
Life Long
Learning
U.S. - Domestic International
Housing 33%
Transportation 18%
Food 13%
Insurance/pensions 11%
Healthcare 6%
Entertainment 5%
Apparel and services 4%
Supplemental Education 2%
Consumer Spending
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics/CLSA
U.S. Asia Food 23%
Supplemental Education 15%
Housing 10%
Clothing 8%
Other 8%
Transportation 6%
Healthcare 5%
Communication 5%
Things That Will Change the World 2. Immigration
Highly skilled, entrepreneurial
and educated immigrants are
crucial to any nation’s
prosperity.
Sources: Vivek Wadhwa, Duke University
• More than half of Silicon Valley’s science
and engineering workforce is foreign-born.
• More than 15 percent of Silicon Valley start-
up companies were founded by immigrants
from India.
• Another 13 percent had CEOs from China or
Taiwan.
Immigrants in Silicon Valley
1. Harvard University
2. University of Cambridge
3. University of Oxford
4. Stanford University
5. Berkeley
6. University of Tokyo
7. Johns Hopkins University
8. MIT
9. Yale University
10. UCLA
World University Ranking Life Sciences and Medicine
11. Imperial College London
12. UC San Diego
13. National University/Singapore
14. University of Melbourne
15. University College London
16. University of Toronto
17. University of Edinburgh
18. Kyoto University
19. University of Sydney
20. University of British Columbia
2000
– 9,500 students
– 20% foreign
– 108 from China
2010
– 14,500 students
– 29% from non-EU countries
– 1,800 from China and
Malaysia
Students at Imperial College come from 126 nations.
36% of staff members are immigrants.
Canada 2%
Asia
28%
Other 4%
Latin America
53%
2011
Europe
75%
Asia 5% Latin
America
9%
Canada
10%
1960 Other
1%
Where U.S. Immigrants Were Born
Source: Migration Policy Institute, U.S. Census
America’s Changing Faces Annual Population Growth Rate (2001-2011)
Blacks
1.1%
Hispanics
3.5%
European
0.2%
Asians
3.1%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
California’s Changing Faces Population Growth (2000 - 2011)
2.9% 21.8% 23.8% Blacks Asians Latinos
European
(4.0%)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
1990
Top Ten Home-Buyer Surnames California
Source: MDA DataQuick, county records / California Association of Realtors
1. Smith
2. Lee
3. Johnson
4. Garcia
5. Brown
6. Williams
7. Miller
8. Wong
9. Martinez
10. Jones
2010 1. Nguyen
2. Lee
3. Garcia
4. Chen
5. Lopez
6. Rodriguez
7. Gonzalez
8. Hernandez
9. Martinez
10. Kim
Source: Pew Hispanic Center.
Latino participation in U.S. presidential elections
Eligible voters
Actual voters
Source: International Trade Administration.
Mexico is the second largest importer of U.S. goods
U.S. exports by country (2012)
Source: International Trade Administration.
Mexico is the 3rd largest exporter to the U.S.
U.S. imports by country (2012)
Things That Will Change the World 3. The Rise of the Middle Class
Percentage of Population in Asia’s Middle Class
Sources: Euromonitor; World Bank; CLSA Asia-Pacific Markets / 2010
India
Philippines
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia 2014 2009
China
70% 60% 50% 40% 10% 0% 30% 20%
Source: Eurostat (EU27 projections)
India’s Developing Middle Class Percent of Total Population by Age
100%
60%
20%
2000
40%
80%
2008 2020 2030
Wealthy
Middle Class
Aspiring
Middle Class
Impoverished
5%
31%
46%
14%
Source: OECD.
China and India will make waves in the global middle class
Share of global middle-class consumption, 2000-2050
EU
30%
Rest of World
26%
U.S.
21%
2009
India 2%
Global Middle-Class Consumer Spending
China 4% Japan
8%
Other
Asia
9%
EU
14% Rest of World
20% U.S.
7%
2030
India 23%
China
18%
Japan
4% Other
Asia
14%
Source: Morgan Stanley Smith Barney. Households with daily per capita incomes between $10 and $100, adjusted for local purchasing power.
Vehicle Ownership by Country Cars Per 1,000 People
1,000
600
200
U.S.
400
800
Italy Spain Russia China Brazil Indonesia India
Source: HIS Global Insight / Guggenheim
Source: HIS Global Insight / Guggenheim
Projected Global Vehicle Population
5,000
3,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
2012 2050E
979
2000 - 4000
Things That Will Change the World 4. Access to Financial Capital
P = Prosperity
Ft = Financial Technology
HC = Human Capital
SC = Social Capital
RA = Real Assets
P=SFti*(SHCi+SSCi+SRAi)
America Goes to Work U.S. and Fortune 500 Employment
00 95 90 85 80 75 70
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
U.S. = +62 million jobs
Fortune 500 = minus 4 million
New financial
technologies are
fully implemented
Index 1970 = 100
Modern capital
markets begin
Sources: S&P LCD / JPMorgan.
Banks CLOs Hedge, distressed and
high-yield funds
Prime rate funds, financial
and insurance companies
Institutional Investor Base for
Non-investment Grade Loans
European credit is a bank market Bonds and loans as a share of total corp. debt
Sources: ECB
Job Creation Since 1970
United States
Western Europe
90
110
130
150
170
190
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Number of jobs, Index, 1970=100
Note: Data as of 03/09/2012.
Source: DataStream.
Cyprus: Large bank assets relative to GDP
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ireland Cyprus France Spain Portugal Germany Italy Greece
Bank assets (% country GDP)
Bank assets are several times higher than
GDP in some European countries
441
358
314
251
189160
131 129 11999
50
0
100
200
300
400
500
Percent Assets of the 4 biggest banks (%GDP), 2012
Sources: BankScope, Milken Institute.
Sources: McKinsey
Chinese small businesses create jobs;
Large enterprises get the bank loans
Large
Enterprises
Small
Enterprises
Mid-size
enterprises
Number of
Enterprises
Number
Employed
GDP Bank
Loans
88%
44% 35%
17%
The Nature of Credit
1. Credit is what counts, not leverage.
2. Most loans to real estate are not investment-grade.
3. Interest rates are volatile and unpredictable.
4. Credit research is more than ratings.
5. Sovereign debt is historically risky.
6. Debt values underpin all capital markets
“When national debts have once been
accumulated to a certain degree, there is
scarce, I believe, a single instance of their
having been fairly and completely paid.”
Adam Smith
Sovereign Debt Has Long Been Suspect
A Greek History of Default
“In the 4th century BC,
the Temple of Delos
had to take an 80%
haircut on loans
extended to 13 Greek
city-states.”
-Kenneth Rogoff and
Carmen Reinhart
Economists
Source: Financial Times 11/4/11
“Greece has been in default for roughly
one out of every two years since it
gained independence (1829).”
Economists Kenneth Rogoff
and Carmen Reinhart
Source: Financial Times 11/4/11
A Greek History of Default
Sovereign Debt Defaults
Sources: This Time is Different Chartbook: Country Histories on Debt, Default, and Financial Crises, Carmen M. Reinhart
• 1828
• 1898
• 1902
• 1914
• 1931
• 1937
• 1961
• 1964
• 1983
• 1986
• 1990
• 1832
• 1868
• 1911
• 1914
• 1931
• 1982
• 1999
• 2008
•1876
•1915
•1940
•1978
• 1826
• 1848
• 1860
• 1865
• 1892
• 1898
• 1983
• 1990
• 1995
• 1998
• 2004
Brazil Ecuador
• 1839
• 1885
• 1918
• 1991
• 1998
Russia
•1826
•1843
•1852
•1893
•1932
•2011
Greece Turkey Venezuela
• 1982
• 1986
• 1992
• 2001
• 2004
Nigeria
Unit Labor Costs in Europe
Source: European Central Bank, Q4 2011
100
105
110
115
120
125
Greece Italy Spain
Index (2005
Euro area unit labor costs
Selected countries
Source: OECD Economic Outlook.
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Index (2000=100)
Germany
Greece
ItalyIreland
France
Euro area: Divergent trends in unemployment rate 2012
Source: EuroStat.
25.0 24.3
15.914.8
11.4 10.7 10.28.1 7.9
5.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Spain Greece Portugal Ireland Euro area average
Italy France U.S. U.K. Germany
Unemployment rate, percent
Euro area: Youth unemployment rates are
alarmingly high in euro zone 2012
Source: EuroStat.
55.453.2
37.735.3
30.6
24.7 23.121.0
16.2
8.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Greece Spain Portugal Italy Ireland France Euro are average
U.K. U.S. Germany
Youth unemployment rate, percent
Things That Will Change the World 5. Energy
Traditional Drilling
Spindletop (Beaumont, TX), 1901
Drilling Depth: 1,139 feet
Modern Techniques
Marcellus Shale (Pennsylvania), 2012
Drilling Depth: 9,000 feet
Technology Game Changer
Source: U.S Energy Information Administration.
Major Shale Basins Around the World
Note: Fossil fuels include oil, natural gas and coal.
Source: U.S. Congressional Budget Office
Technology Game Changer U.S. now has the largest energy reserves in the world
17.0 16.6
8.3
5.7 5.5 5.4 4.0 3.7 3.2 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.3
1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
Total fossil fuel reserves, % of world total
Things That Will Change the World 6. Crowdsourcing
Crisis: Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill April 20, 2010
Crisis: Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
• Oil flowed unabated – 53,000 gallons a day –
into the Gulf of Mexico for three months
• Up to 180,000-square kilometer area
• Time needed to cap the well: 5 months
• Average daily oil collection rate: 2000 barrels
per day
$1.4 million prize
The Challenge: create an innovative solution to speed the
pace of cleaning up seawater surface oil resulting from spillage from
ocean platforms, tankers, and other sources.
The Winners: Two teams demonstrated the ability to recover
oil at a rate of more than 2,500 gallons per minute with a 70%
efficiency rate. The first-place winner recovered oil 3X faster than
the industry’s best cleanup rate.
Among the Top 10 finalists …
• 5 teams from the U.S.
• 2 teams from Norway
• 2 teams from Finland
• 1 from the Netherlands
• 7 teams exceeded the previous industry-best
recovery rate
• 7 teams exceeded a 70% efficiency
Team Vor-Tek: A Top 10 Finalist
Fred Giovannitti
Things That Will Change the World 7. Bioscience
Each life is priceless…
but in economic terms, over the past two
centuries, as much as 50% of all economic
growth can be traced to advances in health.
The Value of Health
1820 1900 1950 2010
26
Years
31
Years
49
Years
67
Years
Source: United Nations Development Program
+5
+18
+18 +36
Worldwide Life Expectancy Growth
Life Expectancy in East Asia
80
60
1955-1960 2011 40
46.5
75.4
Source: : United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2011). World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, CD-ROM Edition
U.S. Economy
$15.3 trillion
Lifestyle Makes a Difference
Sources: CIA Handbook / Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (2009)
30% is spent on
hereditary diseases.
70% of health-care spending –
about $2.5 trillion – is spent on
lifestyle-related diseases.
> 15%
< 15%
Obesity Prevalence Among U.S. Adults 1991
Sources: Trust for America's Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Sources: Trust for America's Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
25-30%+
30%+
<25%
Obesity Prevalence Among U.S. Adults 2012
The price of a
souvenir bucket of
popcorn at Yankee
Stadium is only
$12!
But with 2,473
calories … what’s
the real cost to
you?
More than 100% of daily recommended calorie requirement.
If David Lived in America …
In 2009, which state had the highest
percentage of adults who ate more than
three daily servings of vegetables?
a. Alabama
b. California
c. Hawaii
d. Oregon
e. Tennessee
Of course, the U.S. Department of
Agriculture lists among “vegetables”:
• French fries
• Catsup
• Iceberg lettuce
Failure to address chronic diseases
adequately costs the
U.S. economy more than
$1 trillion annually.
Chronic Disease Study
National Institutes of Health Budget $US billions
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
98 99 00 01 02 03 04
Source: National Institutes of Health
05 06 07 08 09 10 11
$200 billion
Outlook for Biomedical Research Spending (2012)
20%
10%
0%
-10%
China India
Brazil Korea Japan
Germany
Australia UK
France
US Canada
Source: OECD – Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for Research and Development (2012)
Singapore
An organization dedicated to shortening the
time to find cures and better treatments for
all life-threatening diseases
Celebration of Science - 2012
DNA Pioneer James Watson
The Beery Family
U.S. Energy Sec’y Steven Chu
National Science Foundation
Director Subra Suresh
Elias Zerhouni, President,
Global R&D, Sanofi
Elizabeth and
Ariel Glaser
November 7, 1991
With AIDS pioneering researcher Tony Fauci
at Celebration of Science
Earvin “Magic” Johnson at
Global Conference
The Berlin Patient Timothy Brown
First person cured of AIDS
• Recent research reports
that bone marrow
transplant resulted in a
new immune system
Sequencing the Human Genome
2003:
• 13 years
• $3 billion
Today:
• A few hours
• Approaching $1,000
We are entering an
“Age of Precision Medicine.”
• Precision medicine
• Immunology
• Stem cells
• Orgs
3-D Printing
Create a legacy that relegates cancer
and other life-threatening diseases to our
children’s history books.
Goldman Sachs 2013 Global Macro Conference
New York
May 15, 2013
Michael Milken Chairman, The Milken Institute
Toward a More Prosperous Future