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Eds Cressica Brazier, Egbert Chu, Tat Lam, Sid Wichienkuer, Mercy Wong, Li Xu, and Jeffrey Johnson Documentation of the summer workshop Hainan Lingao urban design project in 2007 by China-Lab, at Columbia University, GSAPP.

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Page 1: Golf City Hainan
Page 2: Golf City Hainan
Page 3: Golf City Hainan

CONTENTSSITE 03CONCEPT 05MASTER PLAN 09BOUNDARY 19GOLF COURSE 21GOLF CIRCULATION 23ROADS 27PHASING 35BUILDING 37VIEWS 39DENSITY 41GUIDELINES 45PROGRAM 57VILLAGE 65SUSTAINABILITY 71WELLNESS 75TYPOLOGIES 85TOWER 87

Page 4: Golf City Hainan

G. city

Page 5: Golf City Hainan
Page 6: Golf City Hainan

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from the Editors...Development in China is about BIG moves, but BIG moves can lead to BIG risks. However it doesn’t have to be this way. Phased developments allow for change and adaptation while leveraging the existing landscape and culture. In this issue of G&H, we explore the potential of building small and the cultivation of small communities. By leveraging the resourc-es of Golfing culture, we took a swing at conceptualizing a city of 3000 situated on a golf resort, with an emphasis on health of mind, body, and community. Let’s tee off!

地產發展在中國講究[大]﹐但這個[大]字意味著風險﹐可是這並不是必然的。分期發展可根據當地的地理人文做出適當的調整或變通。在結合高爾夫﹑健康﹑文化及生活新方式後﹐我們嘗試以[小]去探討發展的可行性。藉著高爾夫文化﹐我們建立的小型社區--一個三千人的度假村落--可供您享受新的健康生活模式。讓我們一起揮桿吧!

地產發展在中國講究[大]﹐但這個[大]字意味著風險﹐可是這並不是必然的。分期發展可根據當地的地理人文做出適當的調整或變通。在結合高爾夫﹑健康﹑文化及生活新方式後﹐我們嘗試以[小]去探討發展的可行性。藉著高爾夫文化﹐我們建立的小型社區--一個三千人的度假村落--可供您享受新的健康生活模式。讓我們一起揮桿吧!

Page 7: Golf City Hainan
Page 8: Golf City Hainan

Become a

MICRODEVELOPER

Working with

MICROFOOTPRINTS

That sponsors intimate

MICROCOMMUNITIES

Accumulating into a

MICROCITY

Page 9: Golf City Hainan

Accumulating into a

MICROCITY

Accumulating into a

MICROCITY

Page 10: Golf City Hainan

First Seed

SITE G+H 03

Page 11: Golf City Hainan

LINGAO

RETIREMENTRESORT

HAIKOU

1.5h

1.5h

SITE G+H 04

Page 12: Golf City Hainan

{POWER} moves

CONCEPT G+H 05

Page 13: Golf City Hainan

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15 1516

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17 17

18

18

123

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9

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1112

13

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7

8

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1112

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SITE G+H 06

GOLFING CIRCULATIONGolfing circulation and other circulations

GOLFING CIRCULATIONGolfing circulation and the city center

Page 14: Golf City Hainan

mechanicsof golfcity

Page 15: Golf City Hainan

mechanicsof golfcity

Page 16: Golf City Hainan

MASTER PLAN G+H 09

Page 17: Golf City Hainan

MASTER PLAN G+H 10

Page 18: Golf City Hainan

Tower/Hotel

Outdoor TheaterSculpture ParkRecreational Park

Commercial Corridor

MASTER PLAN G+H 11

Page 19: Golf City Hainan

Wellness CtrRec. CtrMedical ClinicClassroomsSchoolsPools

Marina

Parking

MASTER PLAN G+H 12

Page 20: Golf City Hainan
Page 21: Golf City Hainan
Page 22: Golf City Hainan
Page 23: Golf City Hainan
Page 24: Golf City Hainan

a tale of two tours

Golf Village & Village Golf

Understanding the newly proposed relationships between recreation and residential

G+H 17

Page 25: Golf City Hainan

a tale of two tours

Golf Village & Village Golf

G+H 18

Page 26: Golf City Hainan

BOU

ND

ARY

BOUNDARY G+H 19

Page 27: Golf City Hainan

BOU

ND

ARY

BOUNDARY G+H 20

Page 28: Golf City Hainan

GO

LF C

OU

RSE

GOLF COURSE G+H 21

Page 29: Golf City Hainan

GO

LF C

OU

RSE

GOLF COURSE G+H 22

Page 30: Golf City Hainan

GO

LF C

OU

RSE

CIR

CULA

TIO

N

CIRCULATION G+H 23

Page 31: Golf City Hainan

GO

LF C

OU

RSE

CIR

CULA

TIO

N

CIRCULATION G+H 24

Page 32: Golf City Hainan

Getting Around Town{s}

Moving around inside, out of, and between villages

G+H 25

Page 33: Golf City Hainan

Getting Around Town{s}

G+H 26

Page 34: Golf City Hainan

CIR

CULA

TIO

N

ROADS G+H 27

Page 35: Golf City Hainan

CIR

CULA

TIO

N

CIRCULATION G+H 28

Page 36: Golf City Hainan

GO

LF V

ILLA

GE

CON

NEC

TIO

NS

ROADS G+H 29

Page 37: Golf City Hainan

ROADS G+H 30

Page 38: Golf City Hainan

VILL

AGE

VILL

AGE

CON

NEC

TIO

NS

CONNECTION G+H 31

Page 39: Golf City Hainan

VILL

AGE

VILL

AGE

CON

NEC

TIO

NS

CONNECTION G+H 32

Page 40: Golf City Hainan

Linking The Links

How to put the village pieces together

G+H 33

Page 41: Golf City Hainan

Linking The Links

G+H 34

Page 42: Golf City Hainan

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

1

PHAS

ING

PHASING G+H 35

Page 43: Golf City Hainan

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

1

PHAS

ING

PHASING G+H 36

Page 44: Golf City Hainan

BUIL

DIN

GS

BUILDING G+H 37

Page 45: Golf City Hainan

BUIL

DIN

GS

BUILDING G+H 38

Page 46: Golf City Hainan

OCEAN

RICE FIELDS

MARINA

VILLAGE &RICE FIELDS

OCEAN

OCEAN

RICE FIELDS

VIEW

S

VIEWS G+H 39

Page 47: Golf City Hainan

OCEAN

RICE FIELDS

MARINA

VILLAGE &RICE FIELDS

OCEAN

OCEAN

RICE FIELDS

VIEW

S

VIEWS G+H 40

Page 48: Golf City Hainan

14,000 p/sq.km

Overall density: 5,500 p/sq.km

140,000 p/sq.km

70,000 p/sq.km

600

200

400

1600

700

500

DEN

SITY

DENSITY G+H 41

Page 49: Golf City Hainan

14,000 p/sq.km

Overall density: 5,500 p/sq.km

140,000 p/sq.km

70,000 p/sq.km

600

200

400

1600

700

500

DEN

SITY

DENSITY G+H 42

Page 50: Golf City Hainan

PAR FOR THE COURSE standards & guidelines for the game

G+H 43

Page 51: Golf City Hainan

PAR FOR THE COURSE standards & guidelines for the game

G+H 44

Page 52: Golf City Hainan

H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H11

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18H7

H8

H9

H10

WEL

LNES

S CE

NTER

G

OLF RIBBON

THEATER

THEATER

PUBLICCOURTYARDS

PUBLICCOURTYARDS

PUBLICCOURTYARDS

HOTEL

HINGE TOWER

HINGE TOW

ER

COURTYARDVILLAS

GUIDELINES G+H 45

Page 53: Golf City Hainan

H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H11

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18H7

H8

H9

H10

G

OLF RIBBON

HOTEL

HINGE TOW

ER

Connective courtyards:

0% UNUSABLE SPACE

35% FUNCTIONAL OUTDOOR SPACE15% INFRASTRUCTURE50% RESIDENTIAL

250 RESIDENTS14,000 persons / sq.kmSurrounded by open space

Typical housing development:

20% UNUSABLE SPACE

15% FUNCTIONAL OUTDOOR SPACE27% INFRASTRUCTURE38% RESIDENTIAL

100 RESIDENTS6,000 persons / sq.kmSurrounded by more development

Why purchase wasted space...

When you can invest in ACTIVE space?

CITY WITHIN CITY

Population: 1600 residents21 Courtyard Villas200 Mid-Rise Ribbon Units700 High-Rise Tower Units

GUIDELINES G+H 46

Page 54: Golf City Hainan

H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H11

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18H7

H8

H9

H10

GOLF RIBBON

PUBLICCOURTYARDS

PUBLICCOURTYARDS

COURTYARDVILLAS

GUIDELINES G+H 47

Page 55: Golf City Hainan

H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H11

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18H7

H8

H9

H10

WEL

LNES

S CE

NTER

THEATER

PUBLICCOURTYARDS

HINGE TOWER

HINGE TOW

ER

COURTYARD VILLAGE

Population: 400 residents5 Courtyard Villas100 Attached Low-Rise Units100 Mid-Rise Ribbon Units

GUIDELINES G+H 48

Page 56: Golf City Hainan

H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H11

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18H7

H8

H9

H10

PARKING

MINI MANHATTAN

Population: 700 residents7 Courtyard Villas80 Attached Low-Rise Units300 High-Rise Tower Units

GUIDELINES G+H 49

Page 57: Golf City Hainan

H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H11

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18H7

H8

H9

H10

HIN

GE

TOWER

HING

E TOWER

PUBLICCOURTYARDS

COURTYARDVILLAS

GUIDELINES G+H 50

Page 58: Golf City Hainan

H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H11

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18H7

H8

H9

H10

GOLF RIBBON

TOWERHOTEL TOWER

TOWER TOWER

TOWER

HOTELOPEN AIR MARKETS

GUIDELINES G+H 51

Page 59: Golf City Hainan

H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H11

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18H7

H8

H9

H10

MARINA PIER

TIDAL WHISPER VILLAGE

Population: 500 residents200 Rooms Low & Mid-Rise Hotel Towers 100 Mid-Rise Golf Ribbon Units200 High-Rise Tower Units

GUIDELINES G+H 52

Page 60: Golf City Hainan

G+H 53

Page 61: Golf City Hainan

G+H 54

Page 62: Golf City Hainan

OUT OF THE ROUGH, FLAG IN SIGHTthe village life

G+H 55

Page 63: Golf City Hainan

OUT OF THE ROUGH, FLAG IN SIGHTthe village life

G+H 56

Page 64: Golf City Hainan

PROGRAMS G+H 57

Page 65: Golf City Hainan

OUT OF BOUNDSBlurring the edges of village, golf, and farmland

G+H 58

Page 66: Golf City Hainan

FARMING ONTHE FAIRWAY

G+H 59

Page 67: Golf City Hainan

G+H 60

Page 68: Golf City Hainan

VILLAGE GOLFING recreational interfaces

EDGE G+H 61

Page 69: Golf City Hainan

VILLAGE GOLFING recreational interfaces

EDGE G+H 62

Page 70: Golf City Hainan

G+H 63

Page 71: Golf City Hainan

G+H 64

Page 72: Golf City Hainan

circ

ulat

ion

publ

ic c

ourt

yard

priv

ate

cour

tyar

d

VILLAGE G+H 65

Page 73: Golf City Hainan

VILLAGES G+H 66

Page 74: Golf City Hainan

ET

IQU

ET

TE

BY

... D

ES

IGN

VILLAGE G+H 67

Page 75: Golf City Hainan

COMBINED OPEN SPACE AND COURTYARD COMPLEXES

COURTYARD COMPLEXES OPEN SPACE ( SEMI-PRIVATE COURTYARDS AND THOROUGHFARES)

GENERAL PATTERN

WITH LINKED BUILDINGS

The thoroughfare links public open spaces. These spaces accomodate commercial programs.

The shared courtyards become semi-private open space. that is both exclusive and secure.

Buildings will link to create greater density.

Interlocking Public/ Private Space

VILLAGES G+H 68

OPEN SPACE OVERLAYED WITH GOLF COURSE

COURTYARD COMPLEXES OVERLAYED WITH GOLF COURSE

Page 76: Golf City Hainan

MACRO SECURITY

ONSAFEGROUND

G+H 69

Page 77: Golf City Hainan

MICRO SECURITY

Semi-private courtyard

Micro-Security Organizations

Open public squaresONSAFEGROUND

G+H 70

Page 78: Golf City Hainan

Sustainable {FOCUS}

GREENER GOLF How a Hainan Golf Resort is setting the green standard for development in chinaGolf courses in tropical settings require about 1 million gallons of water per day, and treated wastewater can supply most of this extreme irrigation. By embedding micro-communities within the golfing landscape, recycled water is readily available for mainte-nance of the course. With a per capita production of 150 gallons of greywater each day, a community of 3,000 provides over half of the golf course’s irrigation requirements.

SUBSTAINABILITY G+H 71

Page 79: Golf City Hainan

UV

BIOREMEDIATION

Water management: Innovative dual-line system for potable and non-potable water.Natural fertilizers and no pesticidesRunoff filtration by surrounding plantingsCooperation with local governments to ensure water quality standards

Environmental Conservation & Enhancement Of Productive Landscape Usage

Following the success of Beijing’s Purple Dragon Villas as an upscale development dedicated to environmental conservation, the course will conserve 20% of the natural land-scape on the course, and will remediate an additional 10%.The buffer zones ensure that the land will not continue to be developed, preserving both the environmental sanctuary and the viable density of the community. The courses become integrated with the farm-ing landscape, via strategies including using fruit trees as buffers.

Following The USGA & Audubon International’s Green Standards For Golfing

Environmental Planning

Wildlife & Habitat Management

Member/Public Involvement

Integrated Pest Management

Water Conservation

Water Quality Management

G+H 72

Page 80: Golf City Hainan

8

TIPS TO “FOSTERING WELLNESS”

G+H 73

Page 81: Golf City Hainan

1 Visit a wellness center

2 Live in small communities

3 Walk everywhere

4 Live in stress-free environment

5 Breathe clean air

6 Have peace of mind

7 Be active

8 Invite family often

TIPS TO “FOSTERING WELLNESS”

G+H 74

Page 82: Golf City Hainan

health counseling

health checkup

critical care

continuing care

fitness

spa/alternative medicine

community health

VACATIONERSWELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

CENTRAL RESEARCH& CRITICAL CARE CAMPUS

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESS G+H 75

Page 83: Golf City Hainan

health counseling

health checkup

critical care

continuing care

fitness

spa/alternative medicine

community health

VACATIONERSWELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESSCENTER

CENTRAL RESEARCH& CRITICAL CARE CAMPUS

WELLNESSCENTER

WELLNESS G+H 76

Page 84: Golf City Hainan

GET WELL SOONIncorporating wellness in village life

Page 85: Golf City Hainan

GET WELL SOONIncorporating wellness in village life

G+H 78

Page 86: Golf City Hainan

PHASE 0Tower in central city is adjacent to the central open space (the 19th hole).

PHASE 1The wellness center extends from the tower into central open space. Initially, the building contains a small school for the growing population. Also, there is a series of small open spaces for activities (tai-chi, wading) . Preventive care & medical facilities will remain here throughout the growth, to maintain centralized accessibility and utilize circulation paths.

PHASE 2The wellness center expands its programs, and the school adjoins along the spine. More active space is added (a larger playground, basketball courts, a tennis court, and extended pool). Small spaces grow along the 2nd floor spine to accommodate a range of classes and administration. The ground floor accommodates a series of large programs such as indoor activity space and the auditorium.

PHASE 3The growth of small spaces along the 2nd floor spine allows for expansion of the school and greater usage of the wellness center as the population increases. The large space accommodates a theater and a general staging area. More outdoor/indoor sports facilities are available, including a community pool and tennis courts.

WELLNESS CENTER DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCEA MODEL FOR FLEXIBLE GROWTH ON THE 19TH HOLE

P1. The wellness center and small school. Classrooms, medical facilities, and administration are initialized. The wellness center’s medical facilities will remain here and in later stages will take up the entirety of this portion.

P2. & P3. The expanded classrooms and wellness programs.

+

+

wellnesscenter

Page 87: Golf City Hainan

PHASE 0Tower in central city is adjacent to the central open space (the 19th hole).

PHASE 1The wellness center extends from the tower into central open space. Initially, the building contains a small school for the growing population. Also, there is a series of small open spaces for activities (tai-chi, wading) . Preventive care & medical facilities will remain here throughout the growth, to maintain centralized accessibility and utilize circulation paths.

PHASE 2The wellness center expands its programs, and the school adjoins along the spine. More active space is added (a larger playground, basketball courts, a tennis court, and extended pool). Small spaces grow along the 2nd floor spine to accommodate a range of classes and administration. The ground floor accommodates a series of large programs such as indoor activity space and the auditorium.

PHASE 3The growth of small spaces along the 2nd floor spine allows for expansion of the school and greater usage of the wellness center as the population increases. The large space accommodates a theater and a general staging area. More outdoor/indoor sports facilities are available, including a community pool and tennis courts.

WELLNESS CENTER DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCEA MODEL FOR FLEXIBLE GROWTH ON THE 19TH HOLE

P1. The wellness center and small school. Classrooms, medical facilities, and administration are initialized. The wellness center’s medical facilities will remain here and in later stages will take up the entirety of this portion.

P2. & P3. The expanded classrooms and wellness programs.

+

+

WELLNESS G+H 80

Page 88: Golf City Hainan

G+H 81

Page 89: Golf City Hainan

G+H 82

Page 90: Golf City Hainan

tee is forTowers

G+H 83

Page 91: Golf City Hainan

G+H 84

Page 92: Golf City Hainan

G+H 85

Page 93: Golf City Hainan

COURTYARD HOUSINGTotal Area: 140,000 m2

14,000 ppl/km2

MID-RISE TOWERSTotal Area: 60,000 m2

35,000 ppl/km2

HIGH-RISE TOWERSTotal Area: 30,000 m2

70,000 ppl/km2

TOWER TYPOLOGY EFFICIENCYFOR A POPULATION OF 2,000

DETACHED HOUSINGTotal Area: 280,000 m2

7,000 ppl/km2

TYPOLOGIES G+H 86

Page 94: Golf City Hainan

STACKED PUBLIC BELOW PRIVATE

DISPERSED GREEN OPEN SPACE IDENTIFIED COLLISION ZONES FORMAL AND PROGRAMMATIC SOLUTION

UNIFORM PUBLIC & PRIVATE INTERACTIVE PUBLIC & PRIVATE

RECREATION/COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

PUBLIC OR PRIVATE GREEN OPEN SPACES

RECREATION/COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

POSSIBLE STRAY BALLS

SAFE ZONE FROM STRAY BALLS

RECREATION/COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

vertical villageTOWER G+H 87

Page 95: Golf City Hainan

STACKED PUBLIC BELOW PRIVATE

DISPERSED GREEN OPEN SPACE IDENTIFIED COLLISION ZONES FORMAL AND PROGRAMMATIC SOLUTION

UNIFORM PUBLIC & PRIVATE INTERACTIVE PUBLIC & PRIVATE

RECREATION/COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

PUBLIC OR PRIVATE GREEN OPEN SPACES

RECREATION/COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

POSSIBLE STRAY BALLS

SAFE ZONE FROM STRAY BALLS

RECREATION/COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

vertical villageTOWERS G+H 88

Page 96: Golf City Hainan

from thesea

MARINA G+H 89

Page 97: Golf City Hainan

MARINA G+H 90

Page 98: Golf City Hainan

G+H 91

Page 99: Golf City Hainan

G+H 92

Page 100: Golf City Hainan

editorsCressica BrazierEgbert ChuTat LamSid WichienkuerMercy WongLi Xu+ Jeffrey Johnson