Good Afternoon!!

1. NVC

2. Clash of Civilizations: Greece vs. Rome

3. Women in the Ancient World: Cleopatra

Essential Question: How did Cleopatra die?Homework: Finish Greco-Roman Review

From Democracy to Empire…

• Ancient Greece– Birthplace of Democracy– Becomes an Empire

under Alexander the Great in 332 BC

• Ancient Rome– Birthplace of the

Republic– Becomes an Empire

under Octavian Caesar in 32 BC

Actium: History’s Turning Point?• Battle of Actium– Last battle of the Roman

Civil War– Pro-Empire forces of

Octavian Caesar vs. Pro-Republic forces of Mark Antony

– Antony allies with the remains of Alexander’s Greek Empire• Led by Cleopatra

Cleopatra• Cleopatra VII Philopator– Last heir of the royal Greek

Dynasty descended from Alexander

– Rules over Egypt: Last Pharaoh of Egypt

– Greatly loved by her people = Philosopher Queen

– Allies with Mark Antony to prevent Octavian from conquering her kingdom

Cleopatra’s Death

• Defeat at Battle of Actium– Clear Octavian will

conquer Egypt– Mark Antony commits

suicide to avoid capture– Cleopatra commits

suicide not long after in 32 BC• By snakebite?

Document A: The Death of Cleopatra by Reginald Arthur, 1892

Inquiry!

How did Cleopatra die?