governance issues related to water sustainability and international collaborations dr. daniel...

Governance issues related to water sustainability

and international collaborations

Dr. Daniel Murillo LiceaDr. Daniel Murillo LiceaMarch, 2010.March, 2010.

FIRST PART: CONTEXT AND WATER GOVERNANCE

ELEMENTS

CONTEXTWater disponibility in México

Water stress in Mexico

CONTEXT

Source: Estadísticas del agua en México, 2008, Conagua.

Source: Estadísticas del agua en México, 2008, Conagua.

Water stress in Mexico

CONTEXT

About concepts of governability and governance, spanish differences

CONTEXT

Governability- Gobernabilidad

•Quality of governance.

•Action of the government and its institutions.

•Governability as political system capacity.

Governance- Gobernanza

•Art or way of governing that has as objective the achievement of sustainable economic, social and institutional durable, promoting a healthy balance between government, civil society and market economy.

•Joint action government and society.

•Governance, including dialogue, transparency and dialogue with society.

DISCUSSIONMexico and water governance

1986 to 2003 commercial-environmental context, search

for water efficiency.

In Mexico one can identify historical stages of hydraulic management

models:*From 1926 to 1946 approx.,

Model "revolutionary irrigation and expansion of land north for irrigation districts

From 1946 to 1976,

expansion and crisis

interventionist federal model

*According to the researchs of Luis Aboites, Colegio de México.

From 1977 to 1986,

Decline of hydraulic work, reduced public

spending, incorporatio

n of environmental discourse

in government

From the year 2000 has been the introduction of a new paradigm of

water governance

Global paradigm and driven by several

international agencies,

civil society organizations

and governments

A "needle" that moves between governance and the governance

model of authority between the

government and the

participation of society

Water Corresponsability and increasing

social participation


*According to the researchs of Luis Aboites, Colegio de México.

Water governance

DISCUSSION

World Water Development Report 2

World Water Development Report 2: the water governance has 11 criteria to be effective:.

Water governance

DISCUSSION

DISCUSSIONWater Sustentability and social

participation

Institutiones Society

Common objectives

Institutions Society

Information and creation of awareness

Water Governance

(institutions & society)

Water Governability

(authority focus)

Social

Corresponsability

DISCUSSIONInternational context and governance

Governance metrics (Earth trends).

-2.5 Worst governance Minimum value,

maximum value 2.5 best governance

Country

Argentina ARG -0.61Barbados BRB 1.28

Belice BLZ -0.2

Bolivia BOL -1.12

Brasil BRA -0.3

Chile CHL 1.25

Colombia COL -0.5

Costa Rica CRI 0.44

Cuba CUB -0.85

República Dominicana DOM -0.6

Ecuador ECU -1.23

El Salvador SLV -0.63

Guatemala GTM -1.1

Haití HTI -1.35

Honduras HND -0.89

Jamaica JAM -0.49

México MEX -0.64

Nicaragua NIC -0.86

Panamá PAN -0.2

Paraguay PRY -1.03

Perú PER -0.74

Uruguay URY 0.5

Venezuela VEN -1.59

Index of rule of

law. 2008, some

countries in Latin America.

Index of rule of law. 2008, North American countries.

Country

Canada CAN 1.81

Mexico MEX -0.64

United States USA 1.65 -2.5 Worst governance Minimum value,

maximum value 2.5 best governance


Water and sanitation:

rural access to improved water source. 2004,

American countries.Earth trends

metrics.

Data conversion from% to index, own compilation.

Barbados BRB 2.5

Canada CAN 2.4

Costa Rica CRI 2.3

France FRA 2.5

Mexico MEX 2.1

Netherlands NLD 2.5

Norway NOR 2.5

United States USA 2.5

Venezuela VEN 1.7

Urban access

1990 2004Country

Mexico MEX 2.2 2.5

Excluding periurban poor settlements


2008

Country

Barbados BRB 1.48

Canada CAN 1.93

Costa Rica CRI 0.39

France FRA 1.54

Mexico MEX 0.18

Netherlands NLD 1.86

Norway NOR 1.95

United States USA 1.65

Venezuela VEN -0.85

Politics and Freedom: Government

Effectiveness

Earth trends metrics.


Units: Index: -2.5 worst governance, 0 average, 2.5 best

governance

Barbados BRB 1.28

Barbados BRB 2.5

Venezuela VEN -1.59

Venezuela VEN 1.7

México MEX -0.64

México MEX 2.1

Index of rule of

law. 2008, some

countries in Latin America.

Water and sanitation:

rural access to improved water source. 2004,

American countries.Politics and Freedom: Government

Effectiveness*

Barbados BRB 1.48

Venezuela VEN -0.85

Mexico MEX 0.18

*Efectividad del gobierno de entregar servicios públicos y

hacer políticas

Compliance with laws + Full Access to rural water + Effectiveness of

governmentNo law enforcement + average rural

accessWater + No government effectivenessNo law enforcement + high rural access to water + Low government effectiveness


Source: Boltvinik, 2009, seminario Cátedra UNESCO-IMTA.


Evolution of the% of households with piped water inside

Source: Boltvinik, 2009, seminario Cátedra UNESCO-IMTA.


Percentage distribution of the weekly frequency of arrival of water to households. Mexico, 2005.

Source: Revista Examen, núm. 178 diciembre de 2009.

More sources of investment? Private initiative?

Foundations? International Funds?


ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET AS A PERCENTAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS IN MEXICO 2000-2006

YearGross

domestic product (PIB)

Total costs of exhaustion

and environmental degradation

Federal Government Budget Revenue

Environment Budget

Environment Budget /

Environmental costs

Four dimensions of water governance:

a)Fair useb)Efficientc)Equal opportunityd)Sustainable Use

Industrial use Urban use

Agricultural use Environmental use

Ecological flow

Recreational use


DISCUSIÓNDimensiones de gobernanza del agua

Between 1984 and 2004 industrial discharges rose

37% *Between 1989 and 2002 fell by

almost a fifth of irrigated land in

irrigation districts *In 2004 the operating

agencies collected 76% of total average tariffs on 395 operational agencies. In 2008 revenues rose to 89% (Source:

Situation of potable water sub-sector ..., 2004 and 2009).

From the research of Luis Aboites, Colegio de México.

Industrial use

Agricultural use

Urban use

Environmental use

PART TWO:SOCIAL STRATEGIES AND

WATER GOVERNANCE

DISCUSSION

Innovative social experiences

Sustainable water demand: social

response strategies based on

territoriality, social management of natural

resources, organization and participation.

Mountain east of Puebla

DISCUSSION


Drinking water

Region with 251.079 indigenous inhabitants Nahua and Totonac.

60.7% (28.547 households) of total households in the region have piped water service, while 39.3% (18.491 households) do not have this service.

Also in the municipalities of Caxhuacan, Hueytlalpan and Ixtepec are those with the highest percentage of homes in the area without piped water, with 78.3%, 84.3% and 92.4 percent.

DISCUSSION


•Scarcity

•Use of multiple sources

•Dirty water pollution from the highlands

•Permits and concessions of indigenous water sources to water bottling enterprises

Water

DISCUSSION


Water Land

Spring

Traditional knowledge and wolrdview

DISCUSSION


Collective welfare

Commons

Territoriality

DISCUSSION


Representativeness

Legitimacy

Autonomy

Self-regulation

Water committees as working community bodies.

DISCUSSION


Environment

Social

co-responsability

Community sphere

Intercommunitarian and regional

spheresDomestic sphere

DISCUSSION


A knowledge network for solving real-life water problems in developing countries: Bridging

contrastsANTINOMOS

April 2007 – March 2010 Red de conocimientos para resolver

problemas reales del agua en países en vías de desarrollo: superando las diferencias y vacíos

de conocimiento

DISCUSSION


Evaluation of technologiesCriteria:

a) Performance of the technology according to the objectives set in its initial design;

b) function test and operation of technology;

c) assessment of the existence of environmental hazards, hygiene and health;

d) study, using communication, anthropological and sociological techniques, the degree of social adoption and the immediate reasons for their failure or success of technology transfer process.

DISCUSSION


Technology innovations:

a) Appropriate

b) Conventional

DISCUSSION


San Juan Tlacotenco- rain water collect system

DISCUSSION


First drawdown system: Pozuela spring

Tzotzil Community at Chiapas’ Highlands

DISCUSSION


Second drawdown system: rain water collect

DISCUSSION


Third drawdown system: conventional from a spring

DISCUSSION


Fourth drawdown system: Nitjom’s springs Principal

spring

Human use

Animals use

Wash use

Cross

DISCUSSION


DISCUSSIONInnovative social experiences

and water governance dimensions

Ability to adapt to the environment, to meet needs for access to water.

Traditional knowledge and symbolism.Ability to organize and territoriality.

Social

co-responsability

Four dimensions of water governance:

a)Fair useb)Efficientc)Equal opportunityd)Sustainable Use

CONCLUSIONS

It is important that society as a whole recognizes the social uses of water, strategies, from local, are implanted into a stage where water is scarce and it develops with the phenomenon of climate

change.

That is why we must higlight the importance of social innovations from peasant and indigenous

communities and recognize that, from the local to the regional context , the social groups act on

the demand for water, recognizing the interrelationships with their environment.

Proposal from innovation, tradition, knowledge and sustainability

CONCLUSIONS

This theme tries to put on the table for discussion with a view to its inclusion on the

agenda of the organizations, the concepts of water cultures, traditional knowledge, territoriality

and natural resource management and social responsibility in an environment of increasing

pressure for natural resources and, in particular, the water.

Proposal from innovation, tradition, knowledge and sustainability

Adopción social de tecnologías

Knowledge and technology for sustainable water

management

governance issues related to water sustainability and international collaborations dr. daniel...

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