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Government Part 4: Comparitive Governments

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Your state test is based on Bloom’s taxonomy.

Bloom’s taxonomy

Your state test is based on Bloom’s taxonomy.The men and women who have designed your end-of-course exam are experts in Bloom’s taxonomy.They can take one event, person, map, chart, or cartoon . . . and turn it into six separate questions.

This Toolbook is based on Bloom’s taxonomy.Since your state test is based on Bloom’s taxonomy, so are the lessons in this Toolbook. The toughest questions on the state test involve synthesis and evaluation.

What is Bloom’s taxonomy?It is critical thinking.Students must be able to manipulate the facts.

1. Memorize Memorize the facts, especially terms and definitions.2. Interpret Translate the facts into your own words.3. Apply Can you find an existing match?4. Analyze Break down the facts (compare and contrast, cause and effect)5. Synthesize Add up the facts and draw conclusions6. Evaluate Using a high standard, how does this person or event measure up?

Performance in front of the classIn this book, the lessons give students practice in Bloom’s taxonomy.Performance - in front of the class. Peer pressure can be wonderful.Performance - on paper. Maps, graphic organizers, all the tricks in the book.Performance - on the practice test. Many students learn after the fact - by trial and error.

A fat ToolbookTo those non-teachers who say this is a long Toolbook, we say: “Why, yes. Did you not know? This is what it takes for a student to learn your state’s standards for Social Studies.”

Your learning curveThere is no learning curve for you.

Reproducible lessons There are several types of lessons:1. Some are lectures.2. Some should be turned into transparencies.3. Some are student worksheets and must be copied.

The Tests If your students can do well on these tests, the state test will be a breeze.

The Master TeacherThis book is based on two premises:Every child can achieve success on the test.Every teacher can become a master teacher.

Icons

You will find these icons on the upper outside corner of each lesson. These icons are intend-ed to identify each lesson as a particular type of activity. They will also alert you to lessonsthat need early preparation, such as transparencies, films or hands-on projects. Graphic orga-nizers appear frequently in the Toolbooks, and should be copied and distributed to each stu-dent.

Graphic OrganizerTransparency

LectureA StoryTimelineTransparencyChart

Group AnalysisDebateSkits

DocumentsSpeechesQuotations

Games

Internet

Mapping

Films

ProjectsLibrary ResearchWriting Activities

There are 118 lessons.There are 472 questions on the test.

Table of Contents

PART I: CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY

1. Forms of government page 13Lesson #1 Chart The types of governmentLesson #2 Chart The forms of governmentLesson #3 Chart How much freedom?Lesson #4 Chart Democracy vs. Totalitarianism

2. The Parliamentary System page 19Lesson #5 Lecture The Parliamentary SystemLesson #6 Chart Advantages and disadvantages of a parliamentary systemLesson #7 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: The parliamentary systemLesson #8 Group analysis Top ten reasons why the parliamentary system is a good thingLesson #9 Graphic organizer Parliament in LondonLesson #10 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: The unitary systemLesson #11 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: The federal systemLesson #12 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: A confederationLesson #13 Chart The advantages and disadvantages of each

Test The Parliamentary system: 36 questions

PART II: TOTALITARIANISM

3. Communism page 35Lesson #14 Lecture What is Communism?Lesson #15 Graphic organizer Communism: who, what, where, when, why and how?Lesson #16 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: CommunismLesson #17 Lecture What was the Russian Revolution?Lesson #18 Graphic organizer The Russian Revolution: who, what, where, when, why and how?Lesson #19 Chart The structure of the communist government in the Soviet UnionLesson #20 Quotations Interpret quotations by LeninLesson #21 Graphic organizer The big lie, the hidden agendaLesson #22 Lecture The story of StalinLesson #23 Graphic organizer Stalin: who, what, where, when, how and why?Lesson #24 Graphic organizer Did the Soviet Union have democracy?Lesson #25 Game Stalin and StalinismLesson #26 Game The characteristics of StalinismLesson #27 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: StalinismLesson #28 Group analysis What if your high school were run by Stalinists?Lesson #29 Group analysis Top ten reasons why communism is a lousy political systemLesson #30 Game First ImpressionsLesson #31 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: Analyze communismLesson #32 Game The ABCs of Communism (recall terms)Lesson #33 Game Can you talk like a Communist? (define terms)Lesson #34 Game Mars / VenusLesson #35 Game Honk if you hate GovernmentLesson #36 Game Stump the TeacherLesson #37 Game The Last Man Standing

Test Communism: 206 questions

Lesson plan compliments of Performance Education 1-800-539-1607 www.performance-education.comDerived from the Teacher Toolbook, Comparitive Governments: BZ-4813 - May 2005.

4. Fascism page 93Lesson #38 Lecture w/ internet Mussolini - the world’s first FascistLesson #39 Lecture w/ What is Fascism?Lesson #40 Graphic organizer Facism: who, what, where, when, why and how?Lesson #41 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: FascismLesson #42 Game First ImpressionsLesson #43 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: Analyze FascismLesson #44 Graphic organizer Mussolini’s Italy: did it have democracy?Lesson #45 Quiz Fascist termsLesson #46 Lecture The story of HitlerLesson #47 Lecture w/ What was the Nazi Party?Lesson #48 Graphic organizer The Nazi Party: who, what, where, when, why and how?Lesson #49 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: The Nazi PartyLesson #50 Graphic organizer Nazi Germany: did it have democracyLesson #51 Quotations Quotations by Adolf HitlerLesson #52 Game First ImpressionsLesson #53 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: Analyze the Nazi PartyLesson #54 Group analysis The top ten reasons why Fascism is evil . . .Lesson #55 Game The ABCs of Nazi Germany (recall terms)Lesson #56 Game Can you talk like a Fascist? (define terms)Lesson #57 Quiz Nazi TermsLesson #58 Game Mars / VenusLesson #59 Game Honk if you hate GovernmentLesson #60 Game Stump the TeacherLesson #61 Game The Last Man Standing

Test Fascism: 140 questions

5. Totalitarianism page 145Lesson #62 Lecture TotalitarianismLesson #63 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: TotalitarianismLesson #64 Chart Compare & Contrast: Communism vs. FascismLesson #65 Graphic organizer The Soviet Union: did people live under totalitarianism?Lesson #66 Graphic organizer Nazi Germany: did people live under totalitarianism?Lesson #67 Lecture “The end justifies the means.”Lesson #68 Group analysis “Humanity as an end in itself.”Lesson #69 Lecture The impact of totalitarianism on the individualLesson #70 A short story “Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell (1936)Lesson #71 Quotations Hegel: in favor of totalitarianismLesson #72 Quotations Nietzsche: in favor of totalitarianismLesson #73 Quotations Hannah Arendt: opposed to totalitarianism

Test Totalitarianism: 54 questions

6. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights page 179Lesson #74 Document The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)Lesson #75 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: Human Rights

Test Human Rights: 36 questions

7. The fall of Communism page 189Lesson #76 Mapping Mapping the Iron CurtainLesson #77 Lecture The Berlin WallLesson #78 Interview What do adults know about Eastern Europe?Lesson #79 Mapping Color Eastern Europe!Lesson #80 Lecture w/ graphics Eastern Europe: 1947-89Lesson #81 Mapping Why did Poland listen to the Pope?Lesson #82 Game The Cold War ended in Eastern Europe (recall terms)


Lesson #83 Game Can you speak Hungarian, Czech, or Polish? (define terms)Lesson #84 Game The people who brought down CommunismLesson #85 Game The Great RaceLesson #86 Lecture w/ internet Why the Soviet Union collapsedLesson #87 Mapping The collapse of the Soviet UnionLesson #88 Political cartoons The collapse of the Soviet UnionLesson #89 Game The collapse of the Soviet Union (recall terms)

PART III: AUTHORITARIANISM

8. Military dictatorships page 221Lesson #90 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: Military dictatorshipLesson #91 Film worksheet “Z” - the political thriller; film about a military dictatorship

Case StudyLesson #92 Lecture w/ internet The history of the CongoLesson #93 Graphic organizer How the Europeans distorted African nationsLesson #94 Graphic organizer The Congo: does it have democracy?

9. Absolute monarchy page 235Lesson #95 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: Absolute MonarchyLesson #96 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: Constitutional Monarchy

Case StudyLesson #97 Lecture w/ internet The history of Saudi ArabiaLesson #98 Lecture The government of Saudi ArabiaLesson #99 Graphic organizer Saudi Arabia: does it have democracy?Lesson #100 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: Analyze an absolute monarchyLesson #101 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: Analyze an Islamic republic

PART IV: THE FUTURE

10. The Trends Today page 253

The trend is democracyLesson #102 Document “Democracy’s Third Wave”Lesson #103 Lecture What is nationalism?Lesson #104 Lecture What is nationalization?Lesson #105 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: NationalismLesson #106 Group analysis The top ten reasons why nationalism can be a good thing . . .

Case Study: Mexico is a democracyLesson #107 Lecture w/ internet The history of MexicoLesson #108 Lecture The Constitution of MexicoLesson #109 Graphic organizer Mexico: is it nationalist?Lesson #110 Graphic organizer Mexico: does it have democracy?Lesson #111 Document The Mexican Constitution of 1917


Case Study: Cuba is not a democracyLesson #112 Lecture w/ internet CubaLesson #113 Internet Political Cartoons: CubaLesson #114 Graphic organizer Cuba: does it have democracy?

Lesson #115 Internet Political Cartoons: Chile and Nicaragua, 1970-1973Lesson #116 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: Analyze Pinochet’s military coup, 1973Lesson #117 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: Analyze the Iran-Contra scandal

Lesson #118 Chart The end of dictators


Chart Lesson #1

Types of governmentOur thanks to: http://www.wikipedia.org

* adhocracy: government in an unstructured fashion; an unstructured organization* anarchy: order without government* andrarchy/androcracy: government by men* aristocracy: government by the nobility* autarchy: government by an absolute ruler* autocracy: government by one individual* bureaucracy: government by civil servants* confederacy: a union of sovereign states; federation* demarchy: government by the people; popular government* democracy: government by the people U.S., Western Europe* ethnocracy: government by a particular ethnic group* gerontocracy: government by the aged* gynarchy: government by women* gynocracy: government by women; gynarchy* heptarchy: government by seven people* hierarchy: government by a ranked body; government by priests* hierocracy: government by priests or religious ministers* kakistocracy: government by the worst* kleptocracy: government by thieves* matriarchy: government by women or mothers* meritocracy: government by those with merit* monarchy: government by one individual* ochlocracy: government by mobs* oligarchy: government by the few Communism, Fascism* panarchy: universal rule or dominion* patriarchy: government by men or fathers* plantocracy: government by plantation owners* plutocracy: government by the wealthy* polyarchy: government by many people* pornocracy: government by harlots* synarchy: joint sovereignty* technocracy: government by technical experts* tetrarchy: government by four people* thalassocracy: sovereignty of the seas* theocracy: government by priests or by religious law* timocracy: government by the propertied class

* rule by majority democracy The U.S. and Western Europe* rule by minority oligarchy Communism, Fascism, Any military dictatorship* rule by one autocracy Absolute monarchy


Lesson #2 Chart

Forms of government

Democracy (people elect representatives) Majority rule Most of the world is moving this wayConstitutional republic U.S.Constitutional monarchy England

Presidential system U.S. (also Latin America)Parliamentary system Europe (also Asia and Africa)

Totalitarianism (police state) Rule by a few Communism former Soviet Union (China, N. Korea, Cuba, Vietnam)Fascism former Nazi Germany

Military dictatorship Rule by a few This is dying out. Once very common in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

This has been dying out since the end of the Cold War.

Theocracy Rule by a fewReligious leaders govern. Iran and other Islamic states of the Middle East.

Absolute monarchy Rule by oneHereditary king has all the power. Saudi Arabia and other monarchies in the Middle East.


Chart Lesson #3

Definition Political Economic Social Humanfreedom Freedom Welfare Rights

Feudalism Only local gov’t no no no noThe Middle Ages The lord ruled (trial by ordeal)Bad King John peasants on the

manor

Mercantilism Establish colonies no no no no1492-1776 and industry = (not forMother England/ Favorable balance colonies)Colonial America of trade for mother.

Absolute One-man rule by no no no nomonarchy a hereditary king.England beforeGlorious Rev,1688

Constitutional King is figurehead. yes yes maybe yesmonarchy Parliament rules,England after but its powers areGlorious Rev, limited by the1688 constitution.

Fascism One-party rule. no yes yes noNazi Germany Dictatorship. (Holocaust)Hitler, 1933-45 Totalitarianism.

Communism One-party rule. no no yes noSoviet Union Dictatorship. (purges)Stalin, 1929-53 Totalitarianism.

Socialism Multi-party yes limited yes yesSweden Mixed economytoday The Welfare State

Parliamentary Multi-party yes yes yes yessystem Parliament rules,Kenya but its powers aretoday limited by constitution

Constitutional Multi-party yes yes yes yesdemocracy Three branchesUSA Powers limited bytoday the Constitution.


Parliamentarysystem

Kenya has aparliamentary system.

It is just like England,but there is no king.

TheDemocracies

Government is limitedby the constitution.

Totalitariangovernments

Government has unlimitedpower over the people.

CommunismThe former Soviet Union,China, Vietnam, Cuba.

The Communist Party had complete controlover the government

and the economy.

All private property is confiscated.

All farms and factoriesare owned and controlled

by thegovernment.

Constitutionalmonarchy

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.

The Prime Minister is thehead of the government.

Parliament rules.The King is a figurehead.

What government can dois limited by the

Constitution.

FascismNazi Germany

The Nazi Partytook over (and distorted)

the government.

People kept their private property,

but the Nazi governmentdistorted the economyto suit its war needs.

Absolutemonarchy

Today in Saudi Arabiaand the Middle East.

The King is the absoluteruler.

He shares powerwith no one.

Constitutionalrepublic

The U.S. is a constitutional republic.

The President,Congress,

and Supreme Courtshare political power.

What government can dois limited by the

Constitution.

Authoritariangovernments

Militarydictatorship

Since the end of the ColdWar, this is dying out.

A single general or agroup of generals

(military junta) holds political power.

Lesson #4 Chart


2. The Parliamentary System

Democracy can take two formsIn the U.S., our democracy is based on the presidential system.In Western Europe, the democracies have the parliamentary system.

As you will see, both Communism and Fascism (totalitarian regimes)hate democracy and the parliamentary system.


Lecture Lesson #5

The Parliamentary System

Constitutional democracyA democracy can be a presidential system - that’s what we have in the U.S.A democracy can be a parliamentary system - that’s what they have in Western Europe.

The Parliamentary system began in EnglandParliament and the parliamentary system began in England.In 1215 the English barons forced Bad King John to sign the Magna Carta.It stated that the King’s power was limited.It also created a group of barons to advise the King.By 1295, that group became known as Parliament.In French, “parler” means “to talk.”Today, Parliament is a building in London with the clock tower known as Big Ben.

Unlike the U.S., the British have no written Constitution. A majority vote in Parliament could change any policy - even one that has existed for centuries.Parliament is bicameral. It has two houses: House of Lords and House of Commons.The House of Commons is where the action is.The Prime Minister is the head of government; the queen is the head of state - the symbol of the nation.(In the U.S., the President is both.)The British monarch is a figurehead; Queen Elizabeth II reigns, but she does not rule.The British have a constitutional monarchy - the queen is extremely limited (nearly zero) in power.By contrast, Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy - the king is all-powerful and not limited by a constitution.

No separation of powers, no checks and balances

The LegislatureParliament makes law.Parliament is a congress.Members of Parliament are elected by the people.

The ExecutiveThe leader of the leading party in Parliament is appointed as Prime Minister.The Prime Minister and the ministers of the cabinet remain members of Parliament. The Prime Minister often stands on the floor of Parliament and makes speeches.His term is usually four or five years.

There is no separation between the executive and legislatureThe Prime Minister and his cabinet (the executive) arise from and remain in Parliament (the legislature). Consequently, there is no clear-cut separation between the executive and legislative branches.The Prime Minister and his cabinet (the executive) arises from Parliament (the legislature).

Parliament gets rid of the Prime MinisterThe Prime Minister and the cabinet can be removed by Parliament through a vote of no confidence.In addition, the Prime Minister can dissolve Parliament and call for an election.


The party in power

The BritishIn England, there are two major parties.The party in power and the party out of power.The party out of power is the “loyal opposition”: they argue, wrangling and tangling with the party in power.The opposition keeps the Prime Minister and his party in line.They don’t mind; someday they will be back in power.

The Multi-party SystemThe French, the Germans, the Italians, etc. have many political parties, not just two.In a multi-party system, there is proportional representation and coalition governments.That is, a minor party elects representatives to Parliament.A major party forms a coalition with minor parties in order to reach a majority and form a government.Its leader then becomes Prime Minister.

Federal or UnitaryIn the U.S., we have a federal system: There is a central government in Washington, D.C., but the fifty states also have their own governments.

France has a unitary system: The central government in Paris calls the shots. If it’s eleven o’clock in the morning, every single 8th grade class throughout France will be studying the exactsame thing.

The dangers of the parliamentary systemIn the 20th century extremist parties (communists and fascists) have wreaked havoc on parliamentary systems in Europe.

GermanyThe parliamentary system can lead to unstable governments.Multiparty coalitions can be fragile and collapse at the first sign of political crisis.

The government may find itself at the mercy of small extremist parties.If the minor parties withdraw from the ruling coalition, the government is forced to resign.Using this leverage, minor parties make special policy demands upon the government.

The head of state (king or president) is normally a ceremonial position.In a crisis, however, he may have special constitutional powers. (This is how Hitler came to power in Germany.)

A political party with a large enough majority in parliament could enact far-reaching, anti-democratic laws.(This is what the Nazi Party did.)

Totalitarian regimesTotalitarian regimes hate the parliamentary system. They want to be the party in power - with NO opposition.

The CommunistsIn 1917, Lenin and the Bolsheviks absolutely refused to participate in the parliamentary system.Instead, they overthrew the Russian parliament and seized power.

The Fascists (Nazis)Hitler hated the parliamentary system - yet he used it to come to power in Germany!


Chart Lesson #6

The advantages and disadvantages of a parliamentary system

The Presidential System The Parliamentary System(The U.S. and Latin America) (Western Europe, Asia & Africa)

The Constitution Yes MaybeThe U.S. Constitution is written. Constitutions may not be written.The Supreme Court upholds it. Constitutions may have “zingers”:

The head of state (figurehead)can take extraordinary action duringa “crisis.”

Separation of powers Yes NoWe have separate branches: The Executive and Legislature areExecutive, Legislature, Judiciary united (Prime Minister and Parliament)

The executive and legislature Members of the executive branchare independent of each other. (Prime Minister and cabinet ministers)

are also members of the legislativebranch.

Independent election Yes NoThe President is chosen The Prime Minister is chosen byindependently of the legislature. the legislature (Parliament).

Fixed term Yes NoThe President holds office The executive remains in office only asfor a fixed term. long as his policies have the confidence

of the majority in Parliament. A vote of “no confidence” means thatthe Prime Minister must resign.

Independence Yes NoThe President has powers The executive is subject to Parliament’snot subject to direct control direct control. of the legislature.

Checks & Balances Yes NoCongress checks the power of As long as the Prime Minister has thethe President. majority party in Parliament, he rules.

If his majority party ever wanted topass undemocratic laws, it could.

Deadlock Yes NoThe President and Congress The executive and legislature are can become deadlocked. never deadlocked.


Lesson #7

Bloom!Parliamentary systemTake a little seed and make it bloom into a lovelyflower (or poisonous plant).

Break into six groups.Each group takes on an assignment.

1. DefineUsing your textbook, define it in 25 words or less.

2. InterpretTranslate it into your own words. Make it memorable.

3. Apply What if you applied this principle to your own life?

4. AnalyzeList the advantages and disadvantagesof the parliamentary system.

5. SynthesizeAdd up the parts . . . and create a new thing.

6. EvaluateHow is the parliamentary system (Europe)different from the presidential system (U.S.)?

Group analysis

The Answers

1. Parliamentary systemA democratic form of government in which the party with the greatest representation in Parliament forms the government.Its leader becoming Prime Minister.

The Executive consists of the Prime Minister and his cabinet.They still remain members of Parliament.

The minority party serves as the “loyal opposition” to the rulingparty. That is, it has the DUTY to challenge it regularly.

The prime minister may be removed from power whenever he losesthe confidence of a majority of the ruling party (or of the parliament).

Parliamentary democracy originated in Britain.

In France, Germany, ItalyThey have many political parties. If no party is the majority, the biggest forms a coalition with minor parties.

In Germany, the prime minister is known as the Chancellor.

2. The Prime Minister is not elected by the people.He is chosen by the biggest party in Parliament.

3. On Election Day, your school votes red or blue.The Blue Party wins.The Blue Party chooses the Student Body President.

4. AdvantagesThe parliamentary system is flexible.

DisadvantagesNo separation of powers (between the executive and legislature).No checks and balances (to prevent the majority party from passinganti-democratic laws).

5. In the U.S., the President is elected by the Electoral College, not Congress.

6. We have three branches that check and balance each other.


Group analysis Lesson #8

The Top Ten Reasonswhy the parliamentary systemis a darned good thing

Break into groups.You know the drill.And read them with gusto!

1. It is a form of democracy!

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.


Lesson #9 Graphic organizer

ParliamentEverybody knows that Parliament (London’s building with Big Ben!) symbolizes England.So what does Parliament represent?

Nations use symbols to identify themselves and express their ideals.Here are two examples . . .

THE UNITED STATESSymbol Name The Statue of Liberty.1. Where United States. In New York City’s harbor. 2. What A woman holding a torch welcomes ships as they sail into the harbor.3. Why To welcome immigrants to America. Ships sailed past it on their way to Ellis Island.4. Identity The statute identifies our nation as being . . .

“A home for the homeless.” “A land of opportunity.”5. Ideals The statue expresses what ideals?

“We welcome immigrants from other lands.”

SYDNEY OPERA HOUSESymbol Name Sydney Opera House.1. Where Australia. In the harbor of Sydney, Australia’s busiest seaport.2. What Shaped like a ship, it has wild, white shells that resemble billowing sails.3. Why To celebrate Australia’s 200th birthday. Australia, an island, is a seafaring nation.4. Identity The opera house identifies Australia as being . . .

“A proud, seafaring nation.” 5. Ideals What ideals does this structure express?

“We honor our European heritage and culture. (Europe invented opera.)

Parliament

4. IDENTITY 5. IDEALS

1. Where? 2. Why?

2. What?


Group analysis

Bloom!A unitary systemTake a little seed and make it bloom into a lovelyflower (or poisonous plant).





4. AnalyzeList the parts of this theory.


6. EvaluateCan you imagine the U.S. without50 state capitals making state laws?

Lesson #10

The Answers

1. Unitary GovernmentPower is held in a single, central agency. A centralized government. The capital city calls the shots for the nation.

Do not confuse with dictatorship.

Great Britain is an example of a unitary government - and it is very democratic.

2. In France, the central government in Paris calls the shots for thewhole nation. If it’s 11 a.m., every 8th grade classroom is doing thesame lesson as in Paris.

3. My parents call the shots.They are the central government.At every hour of the day, they expect us to follow their rules.Children do not have local government.

4. You have a central government that makes law.You do not have 50 state governments that also make law.

5. If Paris falls, what happens to the nation?The nation surrenders.

The body cannot rule itself without leadership from the top.

6. No. Each state is unique.At 11 a.m., eighth graders are doing different things in each state.Maybe they’re reading Langston Hughes’ poetry in New York andmaybe they’re learning how to raise potatoes in Idaho.


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Lesson #11

Bloom!A federal systemTake a little seed and make it bloom into a lovelyflower (or poisonous plant).







6. EvaluateCan you imagine the U.S. without50 state capitals making state laws?

Group analysis

The Answers

1. Federal Government Powers are divided between one central government and severalstate governments.

Both act on their own sets of laws, officials, and agencies.

The U.S. has a federal government.

The national government has power and so do the 50 states.

2. If it’s 11 a.m., eighth graders are doing different things in differentstates. Maybe they’re reading Langston Hughes’ poetry in New Yorkand maybe they’re learning how to raise potatoes in Idaho.

3. This is a family where the parents share power with the children.The parents make the big rulesand the children make the little rules.

4. You have one national government in Washington, D.C.You have 50 state governments, one in each state capital.

5. If Washington, D.C. falls, what happens to the nation?Nothing. The 50 states keep rolling on.

If the national capital falls, the states keep functioning.

6. No. Each state is unique.


Group analysis

Bloom!Confederation Take a little seed and make it bloom into a lovelyflower (or poisonous plant).







6. EvaluateTo what extent was our confederation successful?

Lesson #12

The Answers

1. Confederation An alliance of independent states. The central government is weak.

The central government has only that power that member states have assigned it.

The U.S. began as a confederation in the 1780s.

Today, the European Union (EU) is a confederation.The central government has only that power that member states(25 nations) assign to it.

2. The parts are stronger than the central government.

3. In your family, the children would be stronger than the parents.

4. The parts form a central government.The parts surrender limited authority to the central government. The parts remain more powerful than the central government.

5. The parts cannot unite to achieve a major undertaking.Especially a war, which demands a strong central government.This is probably why so few confederations have ever existed.

6. It wasn’t.The Articles of Confederation was our first government in 1781.By 1787, people were fed up with the weak central government.George Washington and the founding fathers formed a constitutionalconvention in Philadelphia and created a new, strong central gov-ernment. Our Constitution created the federal system of govern-ment.


Lesson #13 Chart

The advantages and disadvantages of a federal system, a unitary system, a confederation

Most governments in the world are unitary.That is, the central government is very strong and the provinces are weak.

Unitary Federal Confederation(Europe) (U.S. today) (U.S., 1781)

The central government very strong strong weak

The states or provinces weak medium very strong

In wartime when the capital when the capitalfalls, the nation falls, the nationsurrenders keeps fighting


Parliamentary systemIf you answer them in order, you will score well. They are in logical order.If you jumble them up, you will score less well. That’s how it’s done on the real test.

Test Questions

Presidential or Parliamentary system?

1. Features a separation of powers. a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

2. The executive and legislative branches are independent and coequal. a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

3. The executive and legislative branches each can check the actions of the other branch.

a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

4. The executive is chosen independently of the legislature.a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

5. The executive holds office for a fixed term.a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

6. The executive has powers not subject to direct control of the legislature.a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

7. Members of the executive branch are also members of the legislative branch. a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

The Answers

1. a

2. a

3. a

4. a

5. a

6. a

7. b


8. The executive is made up of the prime minister and cabinet. a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

9. The executive is leader of the majority party (or a coalition of parties).a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

10. The executive is chosen by the legislature. a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

11. The cabinet is chosen from members of the legislature. a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

12. The executive is subject to the legislature’s direct control. a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

13. The executive remains in office only as long as his policies have the confidence of the majority in the legislature.


14. A vote of “no confidence” requires the executive to resign andhold a new election.


15. This system has no checks and balances. a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

8. b

9. b

10. b

11. bIf the President chooses aCongressperson to be in hisCabinet, that person stopsbeing a member of Congress.

12. b

13. b

14. b

15. b


16. Which would you expect to find in a democracy?a. presidential systemb. parliamentary systemc. bothd. neither

17. In Englanda. there is no written Constitution. b. a majority vote in Parliament can change any policy, even one

that has existed for centuries. c. bothd. neither

18. A temporary alliance of parties for the purpose of forming a government.a. cabinet c. constitutionb. coalition d. monarchy

The British political system

19. In the British Parliament, which house dominates the political system?a. House of Lordsb. House of Commons

20. The British monarcha. rules, but does not reign.b. reigns, but does not rule.c. bothd. neither

21. In the United Kingdom, who is the head of state?a. the Prime Ministerb. the Queen of England

22. The British have a(n) ____ monarchy.a. absoluteb. constitutionalc. bothd. neither

23. Saudi Arabia has a(n) ____ monarchy.a. absoluteb. constitutionalc. bothd. neither

24. Which country is a republic?a. the United Kingdomb. the United Statesc. bothd. neither

16. c

17. c

18. b

19. b

20. b

21. bThe Prime Minister is head ofgovernment.

22. b

23. a

24. bA republic has no king.

Western Europe has a surpris-ing number of monarchies - allconstitutional monarchies.


Unitary, federal, confederation

25. Power is held in a single, central agency. a. unitaryb. federalc. confederationd. all of the above

26. There is only one centralized government. a. unitaryb. federalc. confederationd. all of the above

27. Local government is created by central government for convenience and is answerable to central government.

a. unitaryb. federalc. confederationd. all of the above

28. Most governments in the world are a. unitary.b. federal.c. confederation.d. all of the above

29. In the U.S., we have which type of system?a. unitaryb. federalc. confederationd. all of the above

30. Powers are divided between a central government and several local governments.


31. Both the national government and state government act on their own sets of laws, officials, and agencies.


25. a

26. a

27. a

28. a

29. b

30. b

31. b


32. An alliance of independent states. a. unitaryb. federalc. confederationd. all of the above

33. The central government possesses little authority to act on its own. a. unitaryb. federalc. confederationd. all of the above

34. The central government has limited power and can only handle matters that the member states have assigned to it.


35. The central government is usually limited to matters of defense and foreign commerce.


36. Which would you expect to find in a democracy?a. unitaryb. federalc. confederationd. all of the above

32. c

33. c

34. c

35. c

36. d

There are not many confedera-tions in the world. Canada usedto be, but now it has a federalsystem.

When the U.S. began in the1780s, we were a confederationunder the Articles ofConfederation. It didn’t work, sothe founding fathers wrote theU.S. Constitution in 1787 andformed a federal system.

In 1861, the Southern Statesformed a confederation. TheConfederacy was defeated dur-ing the Civil War.

In the 1990s, the former SovietUnion became a confederation.Judging from events in theUkraine, it’s not going well.


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