Dr. abhilash singh thakur

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SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Income status

physical living conditions

early child development

Gender

nutrition

Health services available

education

social security measures

Getting better/ more health care protection for

as many people as possible at the lowest

possible cost.

19th centuryBEFORE AFTER

VOLUNTARY WORKTRADITIONAL METHODSmagical and religious beliefsMEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF PLANT AND HERBS

Birth of preventive medicineRise of public healthSanitary awakeningCurative medicine Social medicine

CHANGING CONCEPTS IN PUBLIC HEALTH

Disease control phase Health promotional phase

Social engineering phase.

Health for all phase

1600s-Introduction of western medicine in India. First medical officers arrive along with the British East India Company.

1664 madras general hospital is the 1st hospital opened in India.

Superintendent General of Vaccination in India is appointed

1820- discovery of the smallpox vaccine

Educational institutes 1823 jawahar lal institute of

postgraduate medical education & research  (JIPMER) is founded. It's the oldest to teach European medicine in Asia.

1835 Calcutta medical college is established- 1ST MEDICAL COLLEGE

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE

1956 All India Institutes of Medical Sciences(AIIMS) are founded with a first college in New Delhi. These institutes are declared institute of national importance by the Act of Parliament

2012 All India Institute of Medical Sciences expand to six locations

1962 Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Researches established. Today listed as an institute of national importance

acts 1873 Birth and Death Registration

Act 1880 compulsory vaccination of children

act vaccinations :plague; smallpox 1897 Epidemic Diseases Act

Universal immunization program

1985 in massive vaccination for nine diseases tuberculosis diphtheria pertussis  (whooping cough), tetnus poliomyelitis  measles hepatitis b japanese encephalitis pneumonia

Mission indradhanush 2014 Mission indradhanush  with the purpose of

immunizing all children against preventable diseases,

tuberculosis diphtheria tetnus poliomyelitis  measles hepatitis b pneumonia

 

2020

Cholera outbreaks and pandemics

First, 1816–26Second, 1829–51 Third, 1852–1860Fourth, 1863–1875 Fifth, 1881–1896 Sixth, 1899–1923Seventh, 1961–1975Notable outbreaks (1991–2009Notable outbreaks (2010–present

1978 vaccination against polio started in with expanded program on immunization  (EPI)

1995 pulse polio program to eradicate poliomyelitis by vaccinating all children under the age of five years

The last reported cases of wild polio in India were in West Bengal and Gujarat on 13 January 2011.

 On 27 March 2014, the world health organization (WHO) declared India a polio free country.

1939 tuberculosis foundation of India 1997 revised national tuberculosis control

Program (RNTCP) aims at achieving universal access to  control services

DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course), also known as TB-DOTS, is the name given to the tuberculosis control strategy recommended by the World health organization

TB-Mission 2020

National Malaria Control Programme -April 1953. ambitious National Malaria Eradication

Programme -1958 implementation of urban malaria scheme

(UMS) -1971-72

plague 1994 plague in India was an outbreak

of bubonic and pneumonic plague in south-central and southwestern India from August 26 to October 18, 1994

1831 Bonallu celebration for eradication of plague in twin cities.

FAMILY PLANING

The national family planning programme was launched in 1951

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the government unit responsible for formulating and executing family planning related government plans in India. An inverted Red Triangle is the symbol for family planning health and contraception services in India

1951 13%

1997 35%

2009 48%

1970  Balwadi Nutrition Programme to provide food supplements

at Balwadis to children of the age group 3–6 years in rural areas.

Kangaroo Mother Care(KMC) and optimal feeding in Low Birth Weight infants SUB DIVISION OF NATIONAL HEALTH MISSION

-

TO improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age group 0-6 years;

to lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child;

to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school drop out;

sanitation 1870 central sanitary department is formed 1912 Government of India sanctions the

appointment of Deputy Sanitary Commissioners and Health Officers with the local bodies and releases funds for sanitation

1986- national rural sanitation policy In 1999, a restructured Total Sanitation Campaign

(TSC) 2008 OCT-NATIONAL URBAN SANITATION POLCY providing subsidies to people to construct

sanitation facilities.  

goal

2012- Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan. target for reaching total

sanitation was changed from 2012 to 2022

2014 OCT 2 -Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

2012. Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan. target for reaching total sanitation was changed from 2012 to 2022

1925 National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences

All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH)

1982 national mental health program as part sub division of national health mission.

In 1947- Fifteen mental hospitals with 10,000 beds for 400 million

1.Prevention and treatment of mental and neurological disorders and their associated disabilities.

2. Use of mental health technology to improve general health services.

3. Application of mental health principles in total national development to improve quality of life.

Regulatory bodies

1940 Drugs Act

1938 Bombay Medical

Practitioner's Act

1933 Medical Council of

India

1947 Indian Nursing Council

Act,

1953 Delhi Nursing Home Registration

Act

 1970 Indian Medical Central

Council Act

HEALTH INURNCE Aim; to cut Catastrophic Health

Expenditure (CHE) Launched in 1986 2000 Insurance Regulatory and

Development Act (IRDA) opens up the market with the invitation for registration applications

EMPLOYEES HEALTH SCHEME 1948 Employees' State Insurance

Scheme (ESIS) is launched with the objective of achieving universal health coverage. Targeted at employees with income less than Rs 15000/month and dependents

Central Government Health Scheme:1954 Health comprehensive medical care facilities to Central Government employees and their family members

Life style Preventive policy 2002–2005 Tobacco cessation clinic

program 2015 JUNE 21 INTERNATIONAL YOGA DAY

Privatization 1983 Apollo Hospitals 1976 Aravind Eye Hospitals chain is opened

by Dr. Govindappa Venkataswamy as a network of eye hospitals

1990 Pharmaceutical Company  Wockhardt opens its first medical center

1996 Fortis Healthcare. 2000–presentOrganization (hospital chain)

Narayana Health system is opened.

1953 Manipal Hospitals is founded as a part of the Manipal Education and Medical Group (MEMG)

State health policy 2004 Deen Dayal Antyoday Upchar Yojna

scheme by the government of Madhya Pradesh to provide free health care to poor families

2007 Government of Andhra Pradesh the Aarogya sri program in order to provide no cost coverage of hospitalization for all those below the poverty line

NATIONAL URBAN HEALTH MISSION

2013 MAY 1ST National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a sub-mission of National Health Mission (NHM) has been 1st May 2013.

OBJ: to meet health care needs of the urban population with the focus on urban poor,

essential primary health care services reducing their out of pocket expenses for treatment. strengthening the existing health care service

delivery system, targeting the people living in slums converging with various schemes relating to wider

determinants of health like drinking water, sanitation, school education, etc.

NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION

1939 first Rural Health Training Center is established near Calcutta

TO address the health needs of under-served rural area

 initially tasked with addressing the health needs of 18 states that had been identified as having weak public health indicators.

Primary health centers are the cornerstone of the rural health care system.

2011Program launch (healthcare coverage)The National Programme for the Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) scheme is launched with the objective of providing the elderly an easy access to primary healthcare

CHALENGESUrban India is fast becoming a disease capital with the increase in lifestyle diseases like cardiovascular complaints, diabetes mellitus and cancer.

Rural India is seeing a sharp increase in non-communicable life style diseases like Respiratory Tract Infections.

urban and rural India are faced with communicable diseases like tuberculosis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (including HIV/AIDS), dysentery and typhoid.

 Health care is a basic Human Right.

Healthy living conditions and access to good quality health care for all citizens are not only basic human rights, but also essential prerequisites for social and economic development