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Department of Electronics, Midnapore College (Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS

Syllabus

B.Sc. in Electronics

Honours & General

(Semester System)

http://www.midnaporecollege.ac.in

Midnapore College (AUTONOMOUS) ( Estd-1873 )

Govt. Sponsored:: Affiliated to Vidyasagar University

Re-Accredited by NAAC in 2012.

Grade: A ::CGPA-3.58 (4-Point Scale)

Midnapore – 721 101::West Bengal


B.Sc. in Electronics 6- Semester Syllabus

COURSE STRUCTURE:

HONOURS COURSE:

Theory: 500 and Practical:300 No. of theory paper: 10

No of practical paper: 06 Each paper is of 50 marks

20% of each paper will be internal assessment- (75% for written Test & 25% for attendance). Semester Paper Total

Marks Written Test

Internal Assessment

1st Sem.

(JULY-DEC.) I (Theory) II (Practical)

50 50

40 40

10 10

2nd

Sem. (JAN-JUN)

III (Theory) IV (Theory) V (Practical)

50 50 50

40 40 40

10 10 10

3rd

Sem. (JULY-DEC.)

VI (Theory) VII (Theory) VIII (Practical)

50 50 50

40 40 40

10 10 10

4th

Sem. (JAN-JUN)

IX (Theory) X (Theory) XI (Practical)

50 50 50

40 40 40

10 10 10

5th

Sem. (JULY-DEC.)

XII (Theory) XIII (Theory) XIV (Practical)

50 50 50

40 40 40

10 10 10

6th

Sem. (JAN-JUN)

XV (Theory) XVI (Practical)

50 50

40 40

10 10

GENERAL COURSE:

Theory: 200 and Practical:100 No. of theory paper: 04

No of practical paper: 02 Each paper is of 50 marks 20% of each paper will be internal assessment

(75% for written Test & 25% for attendance).

Semester Paper Total

Marks Written Test

Internal Assessment

1st Sem.

(JULY-DEC.) I (Theory)

50

40

10

2nd

Sem. (JAN-JUN)

II (Theory)

50

40

10

3rd

Sem. (JULY-DEC.)

III (Theory) IV (Practical)

50 50

40 40

10 10

4th

Sem. (JAN-JUN)

V (Theory) VI (Practical)

50 50

40 40

10 10


B.Sc. in Electronics (Hons.) 6- Semester Syllabus

Semester – I

Paper Topic Marks

Paper I

UNIT I Mathematical methods 15 UNIT II Heat & Thermodynamics 15

UNIT III Solid state & Semiconductor Physics 20 Paper II Practical 50

Semester – II

Paper III

UNIT I Mathematical methods and numerical Analysis 15 UNIT II Classical Mechanics 15

UNIT III Circuit Theories 20

Paper IV

UNIT I Semiconductor Devices 15 UNIT II Statistical Mechanics 15 UNIT III Digital Electronics (I) 10

UNIT IV CRO 10

Paper V Practical 50

Semester – III

Paper VI

UNIT I Quantum Mechanics 35 UNIT II Digital Electronics(II) 15

Paper VII

UNIT I Analog Electronics (I) 25 UNIT II Electromagnetic Theory 25

Paper VIII Practical 50

Semester – IV

Paper IX

UNIT I Digital Electronics (III) 20 UNIT II Analog Electronics (II) 30 Paper X

UNIT I Microwave Electronics and Photonics 30 UNIT II Computer Fundamental 20

Paper XI Practical 50


Semester – V

Paper Topic Marks

Paper XII

UNIT I Digital Electronics (IV) 25

UNIT II Microprocessor 25

Paper XIII

UNIT I Electronics Instrumentation 25 UNIT II Basics of C language 25

Paper XIV Practical 50

Semester – VI

Paper XV

UNIT I Communication Engineering 50

Paper XVI Practical 50


Semester I

Paper I

UNIT I - Mathematical Methods: Marks :15

Vector analysis (6L): Definition and classification of vectors, Scalar and vector products, Vector calculus-application to simple problems. Theorems-Gauss’s divergence, Stokes, Green’s with simple applications.

Matrix(3L): Addition, subtraction, multiplication, non-commutativity, Hermitian and unitary matrices, digitalization, eigen values and eigen vectors for real symmetric matrix, quadratic

forms. Differential Equations (10L): First and second order differential equations, equations with constant coefficients (homogeneous).

Second order linear differential equation with variable coefficients, outlines of Frobenious method of power series solution.

Partial differential equation and its solution in different co-ordinate systems, wave equation and its solution. (Tutorial: 3L)

UNIT II Heat & Thermodynamics Marks :15

Kinetic theory of gases (4L): Evidence of molecular motion, association of heat with molecular motion. Basic assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases. Derivation of Maxwell’s

law of distribution of molecular speeds from probabilistic approach, average velocity, RMS velocity and most probable velocity. Boltzmann’s extension of Maxwell’s law. Temperature dependence of velocity distribution.

Degrees of freedom of molecules (2L): Law of equipartition of energy, Application of the law to calculate specific heats of gases. Values of Cp and Cv and their ratios for monatomic,

diatomic and polyatomic gases. Dulong and petit’s law. Limitation of the kinetic theory of specific heat. Free path (2L): Probability of a free path x, mean free path. Distribution of mean free path.

Expression for mean free path ignoring the effect of the distribution of molecular speeds. Scope of thermodynamics, Microscopic and Macroscopic point of view (1L): State

variables, thermodynamic equilibrium. Zeroeth law of thermodynamics. Intensive and extensive properties of a thermodynamic system. External & internal work(2L): Quasi-static process, work done in quasistatic isothermal

expansion or compression of an ideal gas. Work and heat, adiabatic and non-adiabatic work, internal energy function. Mathematical formulation and differential forms of the first law of

thermodynamics. Heat capacity and molar heat capacity. Definitions of Cp and Cv for an ideal gas. Work done in a quasi-static adiabatic process. Laws of Thermodynamics(3L): Efficiency of Carnot’s cycle, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius

statement of the second law of thermodynamics. Equivalence of Kelvin-Plank and Clausius statements. Carnot’s theorem. Reversible and irreversible processes. Conditions for

reversibility. Concept of entropy(3L): Entropy and the mathematical formulation of the second law. T-S diagram. Entropy change in an irreversible process. Principle of increase of entropy. Entropy

and unavailable energy( statement only). Probabilistic interpretation of entropy (statement). Entropy and disorder. Absolute entropy. Entropy and information (Basic ideas).


Thermodynamic potentials (5L): Helmholtz free energy, enthalpy function, Gibb’s free energy, chemical potential. Relation of chemical potential with Fermi level. Maxwell

thermodynamic relations. (Tutorial: 7L)

UNIT III Solid state & Semiconductor Physics Marks :20

Crystal Physics (8L): Crystalline and amorphous solids, primitive and unit cells, Bravais lattices, crystal structure, lattice and basis. Lattice translation operation. Translation symmetry. Elementary idea of point symmetry operations (inversion centre, rotation and

reflection symmetry).primitive translation vectors, packing fraction , Miller indices for designating crystal planes. Reciprocal lattice. Volume of a primitive cell in the reciprocal

space. X-ray diffraction as a tool for studying crystal structure. Condition for Bragg- reflection. Geometrical interpretation of the Bragg equation in the reciprocal space.

The free electron theory (7L): Free electron gas in one and three dimentions. Thermionic emission , work function , electrical conductivity of the free electron gas: Drude Lorentz

Model, Sommerfield’s quantum theory (brief discussion). The Fermi surface and its effects on the electrical conductivity. Thermal conductivity in metals. Widemann-Franz law and its validity. Hall effect . Failure of the free electron model.

Physics of Semiconductors (15L): Intrinsic , extrinsic , degenerate ,non degenerate ,

elemental and compound semiconductors. The band structure of semiconductors, Equilibrium carrier concentration in a nondegenerate semiconductor, law of mass-action, Fermi level in intrinsic semiconductor, statistics of extrinsic semiconductors. General equation for an

extrinsic semiconductors, Fermi levels in n-and p- type semiconductor at low temperatures (no detailed calculations). Electron density of states, Diffusion and drift processes in

semiconductor, equation of continuity, LDR, idea about formation of p-n junction and junction properties, idea of homo and hetero-junctions (in brief). The optical properties of semiconductors (brief qualitative discussion only). (Tutorial: 3L)

Text and/or Reference Books:

[I] Introduction to vector analysis, H.F. Davis and A.D. Snider, UBS, New Delhi [II] Vector analysis, Spiegel- TMH

[III] Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Kreyszig, John Wiley

[IV] Mathematical methods for physicists, Weber and Arfken , Elsevier [V] Mathematics for Engineers & Physicists, L. A. Pipes

[VI] Mathematical Methods, Charlie Harper, PHI [VII] Mathematical Physics, Ghatak, Goyal and Chua, Macmillan

[VIII] Mathematical Methods, M.C. Potter and J. Goldberg, PHI

[IX] Heat and Thermodynamics, Zeemansky and Dittman, McGraw Hill [X] Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Sears and Salinger, Narosa

[XI] Thermal Physics S. Garg, R. M. Bansal and C. K. Ghosh Tata McGraw Hill. [XII] Heat and Thermodynamics Gupta and Roy, New Central

[XIII] Thermal Physics, Kittel, W. H. Freeman

[XIV] Elementary Solid State Physics, M. Ali Omar, Pearson Education. [XV] Introduction to Solid State Physics, C.Kittel, John Wiley

[XVI] Solid State Electronic Device, Streetman , Pearson


[XVII] Solid State Physics Singhal, Kedarnath Ramnath publications [XVIII] Solid State physics, A.K. Saxena, Macmillan India

[XIX] Solid State Physics, D. L. Bhattacharyay, Calcutta Book House [XX] Semiconductor Physics and Devices, Neaman, TMH

[XXI] Integrated Electronics, Millman and Halkias , TMH [XXII] Foundations of Electronics , Chattopadhyay and Rakshit , New Age

[XXIII] Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, R. L. Boylestad and L. Nashelsky,

Pearson Education. [XXIV] Electronic Devices and Circuits, Maini, Wiley India

Paper II Practical (Experiment =40+ Internal=10; 60 Hours)

Investigation of Logic Gates:

(1) Construction of AND, OR, NOT, Gates using diodes & transistors.

Investigation of inductance in ac circuits :

(2) To verify the current-voltage characteristics for an inductance in ac circuit and hence to measure the value of inductance.

(3) To determine the phase-difference between the current and voltage in a series LR circuit

at different frequencies. (4)To study the variation of the reactance of the inductive coil with frequency of the ac

source and hence to measure its inductance.

(5) To find the value of the loss-angle, the resistance of the inductor R and the inductance of the inductor L, from the phasor-diagram.

Investigation of capacitance in an altering current circuit:

(6) To verify the current- voltage relationship for a capacitor in an ac circuit being linear and hence to measure the value of the capacitance

(7) To determine the phase-difference between the current and the voltage in a series CR circuit at different frequencies.

(8)To study the variation of the reactance of a capacitor with frequency of the ac source and hence to measure the capacitance.

(9) To find the value of the loss- factor and loss-angle of a capacitor from the phasor-diagram.

(10) To draw the resonance curve of a series LCR circuit for different values of R and L/C and hence to determine the Q-factor in each case.

(11) To find the Q-factor from the ratio Vc / Vi at resonance.


(12) To draw the phasor-diagram of voltages ate series resonance.

In practical classes all data should be recorded directly in the Laboratory Note Book and this should be signed regularly, at

the end of the class, by the attending teachers. This Note Book should be submitted at the time of final practical examination.

Separate fair L.N.B. is not necessary. The evaluation of the L.N.B. will be done by the external examiner. In the final

practical examination, questions may be set by combining different parts of the same or different experiments listed above.

Reference Books:

[I] Practical Physics , Rakshit and Chattopadhyay [II] Advanced Practical Physics Volume II B. Ghosh, New Central Book Agency

[III] Laboratory Manual for Electric Circuits , Bell

[IV] Electric Circuits: Schaum’s Outlines, J. Edminister and M. Nahvi, TMH. [V] Introduction to Pspice, Rashid, Pearson.

[VI] Circuits and Networks, Sudhakar, Shyammohan and Palli, TMH.

Semester – II

Paper III

UNIT I Mathematical methods and numerical Analysis Marks :15

Fourier’s Series (4L): Definition of linear independence and completeness of set of functions. Fourier’s theorem (proof not required), equations involving Fourier’s coefficients,

analysis of simple waveforms using Fourier series, Fourier integral, Fourier tranfsform. Laplace transform (4L): Properties and simple problems.

Numerical Method (8L): Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations by bisection method, Newton-Raphson method. Numerical differentiation. Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule Simpson’s 1/3 rule, Gauss’s quadrature. Solution of ordinary linear

differential equations: Euler’s method. (Tutorial: 3L)

UNIT II Classical Mechanics Marks :15

Tangential and normal components of velocity and acceleration of a particle in Cartesian , plane polar, cylindrical, spherical coordinate system. (4L).

Time and path integral of force. Concepts of linear momentum, angular momentum, torque, work, power and energy. Conservative forces. Potential energy. Conservation laws. (2L). Constraint equations and generalized forces, Lagrangian equation and Hamiltonian dynamics

for conservative systems and its application to simple cases (9L). (Tutorial: 3L)

UNIT III Circuit Theories Marks :20

Loop and nodal Analysis (5L): Kirchoff’s current and voltage laws, examples of loop and nodal analysis. Network theorems: superposition, reciprocity, Thevenin’s, Norton’s theorem,

maximum power transfer theorem, bisection, Millman theorem


Two Port Networks (4L): Impedance (Z) parameters, Admittance (Y) parameters, Transmission (ABCD) parameters, Hybrid (h) parameters. T-pi and to pi-T transformation.

Wave shaping circuits (3L): Frequency response of R-C networks-passive filter, integrator, differentiator, phase lead-lag circuit, passive filter (first order only).

Transients (6L): Use of Laplace transforms- theorems and application in transient analysis of different electrical circuits with and without initial conditions. Growth and decay of current in LR circuit, Charging and discharging of capacitors in CR and LCR circuits,

Oscillatory discharge, time-constant. Network Topology (3L): graph of network concept of tree branch, tree link. Incidence

matrix, Tie-set matrix and loop currents, cut set matrix and node pair potentials. Two-port networks-open circuit impedance and short circuit admittance parameters and their interrelations.

Alternating current (7L): LR, CR and LCR circuits. Power factor, series and parallel resonant circuits, Q-factor, selectivity. Magnetically coupled circuits-Mutual inductance,

linear transformer, ideal transformer, T and Pi equivalent circuits. (Tutorial: 6L)

Text and/or Reference Books: [I] Elementary Numerical Analysis, Conte and Boor, McGRAW-Hill

[II] Elementary Numerical Analysis, Atkinson, Wiley India [III] Mathematical Physics, Ghatak, Goyal and Chua, Macmillan [IV] Mathematical Methods, M.C. Potter and J. Goldberg, PHI

[V] Numerical Methods, E. Balaguruswamy, TMH [VI] Introduction to Classical Mechanics, Takwale and Puranik ,TMH

[VII] Classical Mechanics, Goldstein, Pearson [VIII] Theoretical Mechanics by Spiegel, TMH

[IX] Mechanics: Berkeley Physics Course, Vol-1, Berkeley, TMH

[X] Introduction to Mechanics, Klepner, TMH [XI] Network analysis, Van Valkenburg, Pearson

[XII] Engineering Circuit Analysis, Hayt, TMH [XIII] Linear Circuit Analysis, De-Carlo-Lin , Oxford [XIV] Network Analysis, D.Roychowdhury , New Age

[XV] Electricity and Magnetism, Fewkes and Yearwood [XVI] Introduction to P-Spice, Rashid, Pearson

[XVII] Electric circuits, Sitamm’s outline series, J. Edminister and M. Nanvi, TMH. [XVIII] Linear Integrated circuits, Nair, Wiley India

[XIX] Basic Circuit Analysis, D.R. Cunningham and J.A. Stuller, Jaico

[XX] Electronic Circuits, H. N. Shivshankar and B. Basavvraj, Jaico [XXI] Network analysis and synthesis, Sudhakar, TMH

[XXII] Network analysis and synthesis, Ghosh, TMH

Paper IV

UNIT I Semiconductor Devices Marks :15

Energy band in solids (10L): Origin of energy bands in solids, classification of solids as metals , insulators and semiconductors on the basis of the band picture, Origin of the energy

gap (qualitative discussions). Bloch’s theorem in one dimension (proof not required), the Kronig-Penney model (detailed calculations not required.). E-K diagram, Reduced zone


representation, Brillouin zone, concept of effective mass and holes, Density of states for electrons in band.

Semiconductor diodes (8L): P-N Junction diode, Zener diode, PIN diode, Varacter diode, LED ,Photo diode, Solar cell, Gunn diode, Tunnel diode.

UNIT II Statistical Mechanics Marks :15

Macroscopic and Microscopic States (3L): Phase space and phase trajectory. The -space and the - space. Postulate of equal-a-priori probability. Ensembles. Time average and

ensemble average. Density distribution in phase space, Condition for statistical equilibrium. Micro canonical ensemble (concept only). Statistical interpretation of entropy.

Quantum Statistics (10L): Quantization of phase space. Indistinguishability of identical particles. Symmetry of wave function and its relation with spin. Boson and fermions. Effect of symmetry on counting. Examples illustrating counting procedures for MB, BE and FD

statistics. Derivation of distribution functions for the three statistics using micro canonical ensemble. Conditions under which the quantum mechanical distribution functions reduce to

the classical MB distribution. Comparison between the three statistics. Bose-Einstein Statistics and Blackbody radiation (10L): Applicability of the results of thermodynamics to the radiant energy within an enclosure. Cavity radiation as a photon gas.

Density of states for photons. Derivation of Plank’s law by applying BE statistics to a photon gas. Energy density as a function of &. Rayleigh-Jeans formula for low frequencies and

Wien’s formula for high frequencies. The total radiant energy density: Stefan-Boltzmann law, Stefan’s constant. The specific heat at constant volume. Entropy of a photon gas.

UNIT III Digital Electronics (I) Marks :10

Number system and codes(12L): Decimal, binary and hexadecimal system, conversions

between these systems, binary, octal and hexadecimal addition and substraction, BCD addition and subst- -ruction, signed number represention, addition and substraction using 1's and 2's, 9's and 10's complement method, Gray and Excess-3 codes, BCD to Binary

conversion, Binary to Gray conversion and vice-versa, BCD to Gray conversion and vice-versa, ASCII code.

UNIT IV CRO Marks :10

Cathode ray oscilloscope (12L): Motion of charged particles in simultaneous electric and magnetic fields (cross & parallel), block diagram of CRO, CRT: construction ,principles of

focusing and deflection of electron beam, vertical deflection system, basic elements ,attenuation , vertical amplifier , delay line , horizontal amplifier , CRO probes, trigger

circuits ,applications of CRO in measuring voltage , frequency ,phase , different types of CROs , brief ideas on dual-beam ,dual trace and storage oscilloscopes.


[I] Integrated Electronics, Millman and Halkias , TMH


[II] Foundations of Electronics , Chattopadhyay and Rakshit , New Age [III] Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, R. L. Boylestad and L. Nashelsky,

Pearson Education. [IV] Electronic Devices and Circuits, Maini, Wiley India

[V] Analog and Digital Electronics, Taraprasad Chattopadhyay, CBS Pub and Distributors

[VI] Basic Electronics , K.K.Ghosh, Platinum Publisher

[VII] Basic Electronics Engineering, J.P. Bandyopadhyay, Vikash [VIII] Electronic Devices and Circuits, T. F. Bogart, Jr. UBS, New Delhi

[IX] Semiconductor Circuit Approximation, A. P. Malvino, TMH [X] Fundamentals of Classical and Statistical thermodynamics, Roy, Wiley India

[XI] Statistical Mechanics, Pathria, Elsevier

[XII] Statistical Mechanics, Laud, New Age International [XIII] Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics F. Reif McGraw Hill

[XIV] Statistical Mechanics, Huang, Wiley India [XV] Digital Logic and Computer Design, Mano , Pearson

[XVI] Digital computer electronics, Malvino and Brown, TMH

[XVII] Digital Principles, Leach and Malvino, TMH [XVIII] Digital Circuits, Vol-I and II, D.RoyChaudhuri, Platinum publishers

[XIX] Digital Electronics, Maini, Wiley India [XX] Digital Fundamentals, T.L Floyd, UBS

[XXI] Modern Digital electronics, Jain, TMH

Paper V Practical (Experiment =40+ Internal=10; 60 Hours)

A.Experiments on Electricity:

1. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem 2. Verification of Norton’s theorem 3. Verification of Maximum power transfer theorem

4. Verification of Superposition theorem

B.Study of p-n junction diode: 5. To study the ripple-factor of half-wave, full-wave and bridge-rectifier with and without filter(the waveform to be studied in a CRO). C. Study of a Zener diode: 6. To study the reverse bias characteristics of a Zener diode. 7. To study the load and line regulation of a Zener diode voltage regulator. D. Study of basic Digital Electronics

8. Verification of basic & universal gates & study of IC:7408,7432,7404,7400,7410,7411 9. NOT, AND, OR, EXOR, EXNOR gate using universal gates.






Reference Books:

[I] Practical Physics , Rakshit and Chattopadhyay

[II] Advanced Practical Physics Volume II B. Ghosh, New Central Book Agency [III] Laboratory Manual for Electric Circuits , Bell

[IV] Electric Circuits: Schaum’s Outlines, J. Edminister and M. Nahvi, TMH. [V] Introduction to Pspice, Rashid, Pearson.

[VI] Circuits and Networks, Sudhakar, Shyammohan and Palli, TMH.

Semester – III

Paper VI

UNIT I Quantum Mechanics Marks :35

Quantum Theory(10L): Bohr theory (brief discussion),Planck’s hypothesis, photo electric effect, Compton effect, derivation of the Compton shift and simple problems. Blackbody radiation, Wien’s law, Raleigh Jeans Law, Wien’s displacement law (statement only),

Derivation of Plank’s formula. Wave particle duality, de Broglie’s hypothesis, phase and group velocity of a wave, concept of a wave packet.

The Foundations of Quantum Mechanics(15L): Specifications of the state of a quantum mechanical system by a wave function, observables, complementarity, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, simple problems on the principle, requisite properties of admissible

wave functions, probability density and Born interpretation. Normalized and orthogonal wave functions. Operator, expectation value of an operator and measurement of an observable,

eigenstate, eigenfunction and eigenvalues, Hermitian operators and their properties, operators associated with position, linear momentum, angular momentum, kinetic energy, potential energy and total energy, Hamiltonian operator, commutation relation between operators,

basic concept of position and momentum representations of quantum mechanics. The Schrodinger’s Equation (2L): The time-dependent Schrodinger equations, obtaining

the time- independent Schrodinger equation from the time-dependent one. Concept of stationary state. Application of Schrodinger Equation (17L) : Free particle moving in one dimension,

Particle in a one- dimensional infinite potential well. The rectangular potential barrier: setting up the Schrodinger’s equation for the three pertinent regions and qualitative discussion, the

reflection and transmission coefficients for the case where the total energy is less than the barrier height Linear Harmonic Oscillator :setting up the Schrodinger’s equation, qualitative study of the solution for the wave function in terms of the Hermite polynomials, energy

levels, zero-point energy .

UNIT II Digital Electronics(II) Marks :15

Boolean algebra and Logic Gates (20L): Boolean switching algebra: Theorems of swiychings algebra, Number of switching functions, Functional completeness, canonical

forms of switching function: the SOP and POS represention, Minterm and Maxterm and their inter-relationship, Conversions between canonical forms and also between non-cononical and canonical forms.

Simplifition of Boolean expression by Karnaugh map. Formation of Karnaugh map, simplification, Incompletely specified functions (Dont's care), Implementation of


combinational logic circuits. Two-level AND- OR, NAND and NOR implementations, Universal properties of logic gates.

Logic families: Transistor as an inverter, need for totem-pole output, Basic TTL inverter, TTL NAND gate circuit, Improvement over basic TTL gates( LS,ALS), Fan- in, Fan-out,

Noise-margin.


[I] Quantum Physics, Eisberg and Reisnick, John Wiley [II] Quantum Physics of Atoms and Molecules, Eisberg and Resnick, Wiley India

[III] Quantum Mechanics, Powell and Crasemann, Narosa

[IV] Quantum Mechanics, A. Ghatak and S. Lokanathan, Macmillan India

[V] Basic Quantum Mechanics, A. Ghatak, Macmillan India

[VI] Quantum Mechanics, Mathews and Venkateswar, TMH

[VII] Quantum Mechanics, Gasiorowitz, Wiley India

[VIII] Quantum mechanics, S. N. Ghoshal, Calcutta Book House

[IX] Quantum mechanics, G. S. Chaddha, New Age

[X] Introduction to quantum mechanics by Griffith – Pearson.

[XI] Quantum physics: Berkeley Physics course, Berkeley,Vol-4, TMH

[XII] Quantum mechanics, J. Singh, John Wiley & sons

[XIII] Digital Circuits, D.RoyChaudhuri Volume-I and II, Platinum Publishers [XIV] Digital Logic and Computer Design, Mano , Pearson

[XV] Digital computer electronics, Malvino and Brown, Tata McGraw Hill [XVI] Digital Principles, Leach and Malvino , TMH

[XVII] Micro Electronics , Millman, McGraw Hill [XVIII] Digital Electronics, Maini, Wiley India

Paper VII

UNIT I Analog Electronics (I) Marks :25

Diode Circuits (2L): Diode as a rectifier, Clipper ,Clamper, Voltage doubler and Tripler,

Diode as a detector. Bipolar junction transistor (6L): The junction transistor ,transistor current components,

transistor as an amplifier and switch, input and output characteristics in CB ,CE, CC mode, non- ideal effects in BJT, saturation , cutoff and active region. Charge co ntrol model of BJT ,non- ideal effects.

Transistor circuits-BJT (7L): Fixed bias, self-bias (CE), stability factors, Compensation techniques, Q point and load line. hybrid parameter models for transistors, analysis of low frequency amplifier (current , voltage and power gain, input and output resistance),BJT as a

switch , high frequency hybrid Pi model of transistors, RC coupled amplifier , Darlington configuration. Frequency response- low and high frequency response, cutoff frequencies ,

Bode plot , Gain-Bandwidth product, Miller theorem. Field Effect Transistors (8L): Junction field effect transistor(JFET)-basic Structure and

characteristics. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor FET (MOSFET): Characteristics of MOS capacitor, accumulation, depletion and inversion regions, threshold voltage, role of substrate.

Structure of MOSFET,I-V Characteristics, common source , common gate, common drain configuration ,non- ideal effects.


Field Effect MOS Transistors Circuits (8L): Self bias, fixed bias, voltage divider bias, for depletion and enhancement mode, small signal ac equivalent circuit of FET as an amplifier.

Use of JEET as an AGC device(concept only),Use of MOSFET as a voltage controlled resistor. MOSFET as an amplifier and a switch.

UNIT II Electromagnetic Theory Marks :25

Maxwell's equations(4L): Generalization of Ampere's law, concept of electric displacement, Maxwell's equations in integral and diffrential forms with their derivations, Maxwell's

equations in matter in terms of free charges and currents, field discontinuities at boundaries-Boundary conditions, Poynting vectors and poynting theorem, its derivation and simple problems.

Electromagnetic waves in non-conducting and conducting media (9L): Plane waves in isotropic dielectric media, reflection (through transmission) of plane waves at

normal and oblique incidence at(through) the interface between two dielectrics, Snelle's law polarization by reflection, Fresnel's equations, Brewster's angle, electromagnetic waves in conductors, skin depth, reflection of plane waves at a conducting surface, concept of

dispersion, phase and group velocity, normal and anomalous dispersion(only discussion), Cauchy's formula (derivation not required).

Transmission lines (5L): Formulation of transmission lines equations in terms of voltage and current and their solutions, characteristic impedance, propagation constant, concept of lossless and lossy lines, reflection coefficient(definition, formula and simple problems),

standing wave and standing-waves ratio(definition, formula, simple problems, derivation not required), line impedance (formula, its derivation and simple problems), line impedance in

terms of reflection coefficient or standing-wave ratio. Wave-guides(6L): Basic concept of a wave guide, advantages over transmission lines, group and phase velocities inside a wave guide, TE,TM and TEM modes, qualitative study of

rectangular waveguide, concept of and relation between guide-wavelength, cut-off wavelength and free-space wavelength, concept of dominant mode (simple problems), field

patterns in transverse and longitudinal cross-sections of a rectangular wave guide in TE10 mode. Antenna(6L): Radiation from elementary dipole, Directivity, Gain and Effective aperture,

Resonant and non-resonant antennas, Field pattern Radiation resistance and radiation power, antenna resistance, antenna efficiency, band width, grounded antenna, effects of antenna

heights, linear antenna, antenna arrays, array of arrays.

Text and/or Reference Books

[I] Electronic Devices and Circuits, T. F. Bogart, Jr-UBS, New Delhi [II] Introduction to electronic circuit design, Spencer, Pearson

[III] Basic Electronics, Ghatak and De, Pearson [IV] Integrated Electronics, Millman and Halkias , TMH [V] Electronic Principles, Malvino, TMH

[VI] Electronic Devices and Circuit theory, Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky, Prentice-Hall India

[VII] Electronic Circuits, Schilling and Belove, TMH [VIII] Electronic Devices and Circuits, Salivahanan , TMH

[IX] Electronic Devices and Circuits, Maini, Wiley India

[X] Operational Amplifiers and linear Integrated circuits, Rajiv Kapadia, Jaico [XI] Foundations of Electronics , Chattopadhyay and Rakshit New Age

[XII] Concept of Modern Physics, Beiser, TMH


[XIII] Engineering Electromagnetics , Paul,TMH

[XIV] Electricity and Magnetism , A S Mahajan and A . A Rangwala, TMH

[XV] Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, PHI

[XVI] Physics , D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. S. Krane, Volume II Wiley

[XVII] Engineering Electromagnetics, Hayt,TMH

Paper VIII (Experiment =40+ Internal=10: 60 Hours)

A. To study transistors:

(1) To draw the static characteristics of npn transistors in CE configuration and hence to find

the hybrid parameters in dc mode from CE configuration. (2) To study the dc load line of a CE amplifier and hence to predict amplifier operation from the loadline.

(3) To study the bias stabilization of a CE amplifier with voltage-divider bias and hence to study the effect of CE on gain.

(4) To construct and study the frequency response of two stage RC coupled amplifier using transistor in CE mode and to find out the bandwidth. To study the linearity of the amplifier. B. To study FET:

(5) To draw the common-source drain characteristics and the transfer characteristics of a JEET and to determine its transconductance.

(6) FET as amplifier. (7) Verify de-Morgan’s theorem and various Boolean expressions using logic gates gates. (8) Fourier Spectrum analysis of i) square waves ii) triangular waves

In practical classes all data should be recorded directly in the Laboratory Note Book and this should be signed regularly, at the end of the class, by the attending teachers. This Note Book should be submitted at the time of final practical examination.



Reference Books:

[I] Basic Electronics: A Text Lab Manual, Zbar, TMH [II] Laboratory Manual for Electronic Devices and Circuits, Bell, PHI

[III] Advanced Practical Physics Volume 2, B. Ghosh.

Semester – IV

Paper IX

UNIT I Digital Electronics (III) Marks : 20

Combinational logic circuits (5L): Adder/Subtractor, Half adder and Full adder using

different logic gates, BCD adder Complement addition/subtraction. Multiplexer(7L): Design and working of 4 to 1 and 8 to 1 MUX, Equation of MUX,

Cascading of MUX to make higher order MUX, Use of a 8 to 1 MUX as a logic function generator using truth-table and implementation table. MUX as a Universal logic module.


Decoder/demultiplexer(5L): Decoder as a minterm generator. design of 2 to 4 and 3 to 8 decoder, Cascading of decoder/demux, BCD to 7 segment decoder/driver.

Encoder and priority encoder(3L): Decimal to BCD encoder, Design of a four input priority encoder.

Parity generator and checker circuits(1L) workings and their inter-relations. Basic comparator (1L) 2 to 4 bit.

UNIT II Analog Electronics (II) Marks :30

Power amplifiers (5L) : Circuit models for Transistors (voltage, current , transconductance ,

transresistance ) and their interrelationship , class A,B and AB type, C type, direct coupled , Transformer coupled amplifiers, push pull circuits, harmonic distortion, crossover distortion,

complementary symmetry amplifiers. Feedback in amplifiers (4L): General theory of feedback, negative and positive feedback, advantages of positive feedback ,types of negative feedback in transistor amplifiers, current

series, voltage series, current shunt amplifiers. Oscillator circuit (5L) : Barkhausen criterion, Hartley, Colpitt , Wien- bridge and phase shift

oscillators, crystal oscillator ,frequency stability and stability criterion.

Operational amplifier (18L): Ideal OPAMP, characteristics , Different stages of OPAMP :

Differential amplifier, constant current source, (current mirror etc.) level shifter ,ideal and practical OPAMP ,offset current ,offset voltage, CMRR, frequency response, slew rate,

inverting and non- inverting amplifier. Transfer characteristics ,effect of finite loop gain, basic OPAMP application : adder , phase shifter, scale changer, voltage to current and current to voltage converter, differential amplifiers , integrator & differentiator, logarithmic and antilog

amplifier, comparator ,OPAMP as a sinusoidal oscillator (Hartley, Wien-bridge and Phase shift), instrumentation amplifier.

DAC/ADC conversion (3L): DAC-weighted, R-2R lader, ADC-Counter type and successive approximation type, digital voltmeter and its characteristic.


[I] Digital Logic and Computer Design, Mano , Pearson [II] Digital computer electronics, Malvino and Brown, TMH

[III] Digital Principles, Leach and Malvino, TMH

[IV] Digital Circuits, Vol-I and II, D.RoyChaudhuri, Platinum publishers [V] Digital Electronics, Maini, Wiley India

[VI] Digital Fundamentals, T.L Floyd, UBS [VII] Modern Digital electronics, Jain, TMH

[VIII] Electronic Devices and Circuits, T. F. Bogart, Jr-UBS, New Delhi

[IX] Introduction to electronic circuit design, Spencer, Pearson [X] Basic Electronics, Ghatak and De, Pearson

[XI] Integrated Electronics, Millman and Halkias , TMH [XII] Electronic Principles, Malvino, TMH

[XIII] OP-Amp and Linear Integrated circuits, Gaykwad, Pearson

[XIV] OP-Amp and Linear Integrated circuits, Coughlin and Driscoll, PHI [XV] Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques, Helfrik and

Cooper, Pearson


[XVI] Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement, Carr, Pearson [XVII] Electronic Instrumentation, Kalsi , TMH

[XVIII] Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement, Zbar, McGraw Hill

Paper X

UNIT I Microwave Electronics and Photonics Marks :30

Basic of Microwaves (1L): Microwave domains.

Two-cavity klystron (2L): structure, principle of operation (concept of velocity modulation and bunching of electrons, applegate diagram, no derivations required). Reflex-klystron (2L): structure, principle of operation (no derivations needed)

Magnetron(1L): principle of operation (no derivations needed). Interference(3L): Coherent sources, conditions of interference, interference in thin wedge-

shaped film, Newton's ring. Diffraction(5L): Fresnel and Fraunhoffer types (qualitative discussions). single slit and double slit diffraction, diffraction grating (qualitative discussion only).

Polarization(5L): polarization of light. Brewster's law, Malus law. Birefringence and double refraction. Calcite crystal, optic axis, principal section. Circularly and elliptically polarized

light, retardation plates. LASER(8L): Absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission process, Einstein's A and B coefficients, population inversion, optical pumping and optical re sonator, threshold

condition for lasing, Q factor, characteristics of LASERs. Fundamentals of He-Ne and semiconductor laser.

Optical fiber (7L): Structure of optical fiber, Advantage, passage of light through a fiber, Step index fiber Graded index fiber ray presentation in optical fiber, Numerical Aperture, fiber parameters, modes of propagation, signal degradation. Attenuation losses- absorption,

Dispersion.

UNIT II Computer Fundamental Marks :20

Computer Organization (5L): Input/output devices. memory-different types and memory hierarchy, structure of a basic RAM cell.

Fundamentals (8L): Types of computer, classification, computer concept, input devices, the software, assembly & machine language, high level language, interpreter, translator, program execution modes.

Problem Solving and Flowchart(8L): Problem solving, Algorithm, flowchart, branching looping data-structure, list stack, quae sorting, bubble, quick, searching: linear ,binary, tree,

B+ tree. Text and/or Reference Books:

[I] Electronic communication , Kennedy and Davies [II] Microwave , Sisodia and Gupta, New Age

[III] Microwave Engineering, Das, TMH [IV] Optics, Hecht and Zajak, Pearson [V] Optical Electronics , Ghatak, Cambridge

[VI] Optics, Ghatak, TMH [VII] Optoelectronics, Wilson and Hawkes, PHI.

[VIII] Fundamentals of Computer, Rajaraman, Prentic Hall of India


[IX] Introduction to Digital Computer Design ,Rajaraman & Radhkrishnan, Prentic Hall of India

[X] Microwave Devices and Circuits, Liao, Pearson

Paper XI Practical (Experiment =40+ Internal=10: 60 Hours)

A. Oscillator:

1. Construct colpitt oscillator on a bread board and to study the wave form of the oscillator

and determine frequency using CRO. 2.Construct Wien bridge oscillator on a bread board using OPAMP and to study the wave

form of the oscillator and determine frequency using CRO. 3. Construct Phase-shift oscillator on a bread board using OPAMP and to study the wave form of the oscillator and determine frequency using CRO.

B. Op-amp Applications:

4. To learn offset null adjustment of an Op-amp. To measure the input offset voltage, input bias currents, input offset currents of an Op-amp. 5. To use the Op-amp as the inverting, non- inverting

6. To use the Op-amp as the adder & subtractor. 7. To use the Op-amp as the integrator & differentiator.

8. To construct and study logarithmic and antilog amplifier using Op-amp. 9. To study the performance of the R-2R ladder D/A converter using and op-amp.

C. Combinational Circuits:

10. Construct Half adder & full adder logic circuits using logic gates. 11. Design a multiplexer circuit (4:1) using logic gates and verify its truth table. 12. Design a De-multiplexer circuit (1 to 4) using logic gates and verify its truth table.




practical examination, questions may be set by combining different parts of the same or different experiments lis ted above.

Semester – V

Paper XII

UNIT I Digital Electronics (IV) Marks:25

Sequential circuits(30L): Sequential circuits, General model S-R, D, J-K Latches-different

modes, characteristics tables, excitation tables, circuit implementations, commercially

available latches, Flip flops-J-K, Master-Slaves J-K, D and T Flip flops, timing diagram, edge

triggering of a J-K flip flop, conversions of one flip flop to another, Switching characteristics

of flip flop.

Asynchronous counter: Asynchronous MOD-8 binary ripple counter and 4 bit(MOD-16)

UP/DOWN counter asynchronous MOD-N counter. Synchronous counter: Design 4-bit

binary counter, UP/DOWN Counter, synchronous MOD-N counter, shift register

UNIT II Microprocessor Marks:25

Introduction to Microprocesser (30L): 8085A CPU architecture and origination, addressing

modes, instruction cycle, machine cycle, timing diagram, instruction set, assembly language


programming-simple appilication, use of subroutines and stacks, interrupts- maskable and

non masksble. Address/data bus demultiplexings, generation of control

signals(IOR/IOW/MEMR/MEMW). Interfacing memory and peripheral chips (I/O mapped

and memory mapped I/O), Peripheral chips- 8255(modes of operation)- keyboard and display

interfacing using 8255.


[I] Digital Circuits, D.RoyChaudhuri Volume-I and II, Platinum Publishers [II] Digital Logic and Computer Design, Mano , Pearson

[III] Digital computer electronics, Malvino and Brown, Tata McGraw Hill

[IV] Digital Principles, Leach and Malvino , TMH [V] Micro Electronics , Millman, McGraw Hill

[VI] Digital Electronics, Maini, Wiley India [VII] Digital Fundamentals, T.L Floyd, UBS

[VIII] Modern Digital Electronics, Jain, TMHMicroprocessor achitecture with the

8085, R.S.Gaonkar, Penram international [IX] Microprocessors,Interfacing and applications , Renu Singh and B.P.Singh,

New Age [X] Microprocessor, Suni Mathur, PHI

[XI] Microprocessor, Uday Sankar , Pearson

Paper XIII

UNIT I Electronics Instrumentation Marks: 25

Multivibrator(4L) : VCO .Comparator, Schmitt trigger , multivibrators : astable ,bistable

and monostable using OPAMP, transistor & 555 timer.

Tuned amplifier(4L) : Frequency selective network, LC circuit signal and double tuned amplifiers, analysis of voltage gain and selectivity,

Regulated Power supply(4L) : Filter circuit, regulator circuits series and shunt regulator; using transistors and IC, SMPS. SCR(1L): Structure and working principle. Simple application of delivering variable power

to a load Using SCR. UJT(1L): Structure and working principle.

DIAC(1L): Structure and working principle. TRIAC(1L): Structure and working principle

Electronics Meters (5L) DC ammeters, voltmeters, voltmeter sensitivity, ohm meter,

ammeter (series, and shunt types), basic features of analog and digital multimeter (DMM),

true RMS ac meter, Q meter, power factor meter,digital voltmeter (DVM) (block diagram, A-

D conversion techniques, display).

.

UNIT II Basics of C language Marks: 25

Loops ,arrays, functions, structures. Implementation of the different numerical methods (Bisection, Newton Raphson method, Numerical differentiation, Numerical integration : Trapezoidal Simpson’s 1/3 rule. Solution of ordinary linear differential equations: Euler’s method using C programming (20L).

Tutorials (4L):



[I] Electronic Devices and Circuits, T. F. Bogart, Jr-UBS, New Delhi [II] Introduction to electronic circuit design, Spencer, Pearson

[III] Basic Electronics, Ghatak and De, Pearson

[IV] Integrated Electronics, Millman and Halkias , TMH

[V] Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques, Helfrik

and Cooper, Pearson [VI] Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement, Carr, Pearson

[VII] A course on Electrical and Electronic Measurements and

Instrumentations, A.K. Sawhney, Dhanpat Rai & Sons. [VIII] Electronic Instrumentation, Kalsi , TMH

[IX] Electronic Principles, Malvino, TMH [X] Electronic Devices and Circuit theory, Robert L. Boylestad, Louis

Nashelsky, Prentice-Hall India

[XI] Electronic Circuits, Schilling and Belove, TMH [XII] Electronic Devices and Circuits, Salivahanan , TMH

[XIII] Electronic Devices and Circuits, Maini, Wiley India [XIV] Operational Amplifiers and linear Integrated circuits, Rajiv Kapadia,

Jaico

[XV] Foundations of Electronics , Chattopadhyay and Rakshit New Age [XVI] Progress in ANSI C, Balaguruswamy, TMH

[XVII] Introduction to Computers, Norton , TMH [XVIII] Introduction to Computer Science, ITL ESL, Pearson

[XIX] Computer networking, Rowe and Schuh, Pearson

[XX] Data communication and networking, Farouzan , TMH [XXI] Numerical Methods, Balagurusamy, TMH

[XXII] Numerical Methods, Mathews, Pearson [XXIII] Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Jeffrey, Elsevier [XXIV] Programming in C, Gottfried, TMH

[XXV] C programming, Balagurusamy, TMH [XXVI] Computer concepts and C programming, Gupta, Wiley India

[XXVII] The Spirit of C, Mullish Cooper, Jaico [XXVIII] A Book on C, Kelly and Pohl, Pearson

[XXIX] Mastering C, Benugopal and Prasad, TMH

Paper XIV

Practical

Digital Electronics Marks:25 30 Hours

1.Design and verify the following flip flop operations (i) RS (ii) JK (iii) D

2.Design and verify the following register i) SISO ii) SIPO iii) PIPO iv)PISO 3. Study of Modulo - 3, Modulo - 5, Modulo – 7,Modulo – 10, Modulo - 15 Counters. 4.Construction and study of multivibrator circuit using transistor.

5. Construction and study of multivibrator circuit using IC 555. 6. Construct a unregulated power supply on a bread board & then construct regulated power supply by using


a) using a power transistor as pass element b) a second transistor as feedback amplifier

c) a Zener diode as a reference voltage source and to study its operational characteristic

7. Construct a 4-bit adder-substractor with IC 7483 and EX-OR gates. Construct a BCD adder that adds two BCD numbers and to produce the sum in BCD code as well as. Use two 4-bit binary adder (IC 7483) chips (The sum may be than or equal to the BCD equivalent of

decimal 19).

Computer Practical: 15 Marks 30Hours

Apart from executing the computer programmes prescribed in the syllabus, students should

be encouraged to execute other problems of Physics particularly associated with practical with the help of computer, using available software packages (e.g. graph plotting etc.).

Computer Language (C) Constants and variables. Assignment and arithmetic expressions. Logical expressions and

control statements, loops, array, input and output statements (with I, F and E formats), function subprogram, subroutine.

(i) Sorting.

(ii) Find whether a number is prime

(iii) Factorize a number

(iv) Sum of different types of series term by term with a specified accuracy

(v) Matrix operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, transpose, trace)

(vi) Finding zeroes of a given function by the method of bisection and Newton-

Raphson.

(vii) Integration by Simpson's 1/3 rule

The above basic types of programs should be explained in practical classes before performing the experiments. Each student will have to solve one problem of 15 marks during the

examinations. In practical classes all data should be recorded directly in the Laboratory Note Book and this should be signed regularly, at




Semester-VI Paper XV

Communication Engineering Marks: 50

Spectral analysis (10L): Fourier transform theory, energy, power, parseval's theorem,

convolution theorem, power spectral density function(PSDF) and energy spectral density

functions (ESDF) and their physical interpretation, autocorrelation function, Relation


between PSDF and the autocorrelation functions, Review of signal transfer in linear systerms,

the ideal low pass filter and distortion less transmission, Paley-Weiner criterion Importance

of channel bandwidth.

Radio wave propagation (10L): Characteristic of electromagnetic wave, propagation of

radio waves at different frequencies. structure of the atmosphere. Ground wave propagation,

sky wave, critical frequency and virtual height. Maximum usable frequency and skip distant

(quallitative discussion only).

Amplitude modulation (10L): Need for modulation, time and frequency domain expression,

transmission requirement-Bandwidth, power, Method of generation-linear(tuned collector)

and non- linear(square- law) modulators, Demodulation-square law and envelope detectors,

time and frequency domain expression for DSBSC-AM,DSB-TC, SSB generation detection,

Coherent detection.

Frequency (FM) and phase Modulation (PM) (10L): Time and frequency domain

expressions, phasor diagram for FM and PM. Transmission requirements-Bandwidth,

WBFM, Carson’s rule, power (Comparison with AM), Method of generation- Direct

(parameter variation), Indirect (Armstrong), Demodulation using slope limiter-

discriminator(Foster-Seely), Equivalence between FM and PM, AM and narrow-band FM.

Noise (9L): Thermal, shot and flicker noise, Calculation of noise in linear system, noise

bandwidth, Noise in two-port networks-SNR ratio, Noise figure, noise temperature, their

interrelationship, Noise in cascade stages.

Pulse modulation (10L): Basic idea of pulse modulation system-sampling theorem, Nyquist

criterion, Basic idea (waveform and principle of generation) of PAM, PWM, PPM.

Introduction to PCM. Communication systems a) Satellite communication b) Wireless

communication c) Through wire d) Fibre optics.


[I] Electronic Communication Systems , Kennedy , TMH [II] Communication systems, Singh and Sapre, TMH

[III] Communication systems, Haykin , John Wiley

[IV] Communication systems, Lathi, Oxford [V] Electronic communication Systems, Roddy and Coolen, Pearson

Paper XVI

Practical: 50 Marks 60 Hours

8085 Microprocessor Sample problems: 15 marks (20 Hours)

To draw the flow chart and write and execute the pertinent Assembly Language Program for

the 8085 microprocessor for the following problems.

.

1. Add two 8-bit numbers stored in two memory locations and store the result in another

memory location. Keep a provision for a carry, which may or may not have been

generated.


a. Hints: (1) Use the command ADD r (r is any general purpose register

B,C,D,E,H or L).

b. (2)Use the command ADD M (M is a pointer to the memory location stored in

the H-L register pair).

2. Subtract one 8-bit number from another, the numbers being stored in two memory

locations.

a. Hints: (1) Use the command SUB r (r is any general purpose register

B,C,D,E,H or L).

b. (2)Use the command SUB M (M is a pointer to the memory location stored in

the H-L register pair).

3. 3.Add two 16-bit numbers stored in two pairs of consecutive memory locations and

store the result in a third pair of consecutive memory locations. Keep a provision for a

carry, which may or may not have been generated.

a. Hint: Use the commands: LHLD xxxx, DAD rp SHLD xxxx for the purpose.

(xxxx means the address of a memory location and rp represents a register

pair).

4. Multiply two 8-bit numbers stored in two consecutive memory locations and store the

result in a third memory location.

a. Use the repeated addition algorithm.

b. Use the shift and add algorithm. Assume that the integers 0,1,2,…….9 are

stored in 10 consecutive memory locations. Make the microprocessor fetch the

numbers one by one and add them. Store the result in a memory location.

c. Hint: Use the commands LXI H xxxx, INX H and ADD M.

5. Store two 8-bit numbers in two consecutive memory locations. Compare the two

numbers and place the larger number in the first memory location and the smaller in

the second.

a. Hint: Use the instruction CMP r

6. Assume that the 8-bit number XY H is stored in a memory location. Make the

Accumulator fetch the number and then store 0X H and 0Y H in the next two memory

locations.

a. Hint: Use the instructions ANI 0F H, ANI F0 H and RLC.

7. Given an array of ten 8-bit numbers in ten consecutive memory locations, separate the

even numbers from the odd. Write the even numbers in a set of consecutive memory

locations and the odd numbers in a separate set of consecutive memory locations.


8. A set of ten 8-bit signed numbers are stored in ten consecutive memory locations.

Fetch the numbers from the memory, check each number to determine whether it is

positive or negative. Reject all negative readings. Add all positive readings and place

the 8-bit output in a memory location. If the output is of more than 8 bits then store

FF H instead in the memory location.

a. ( Hint: Use RAL and RAR instructions).

All the fields (including the “comment” field) of the ALP must be explicitly shown

In practical classes all data should be recorded directly in the Laboratory Note Book and this should be signed regularly, at the end of the class, by the attending teachers. This Note Book should be submitted at the time of final practical examination.



Project work / Industrial Training / Field Study: 25 marks

This work should be an experimental one with special reference to the techniques into practical classes. This may be application oriented or some simple law / experimental

verification. It may be allotted to individual or group of students after completion of fourth semester examination.

The project will be centrally evaluated by the coordinators of examination of the department in consultation with supervisors and internally by Head of the department. There must be an

external examiner present at the time of project work evaluation. The Board of Study will recommend the name of external examiner for evaluation of the project work.

Distribution of marks - (a) Nature of work =10

(b) Presentation = 5 (c) Viva =10

…………………………………. Total =25


B.Sc. in Electronics(GENERAL) 4- Semester Syllabus

Semester – I

Paper Topic Marks

Paper I

UNIT I Introduction to Electric circuits 20

UNIT II Basic Electronics I: Semiconductors and Analog Electronic Devices 30

Semester – II

Paper II

UNIT I Diode and Transistor circuits 30

UNIT II Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) and Op-Amp circuits 20

Semester – III

Paper III

UNIT I Digital Electronics 50

Paper IV Practical 50

Semester – IV

Paper V

UNIT I Instrumentation 50

PAPER VI Practical 50


Semester – I

Paper I Full Marks 50

UNIT I- Introduction to Electric circuits: Full Marks 20

Electric Circuit Elements (5L) : Resistance and resistors, types of resistors, resistor colour

coding, variable resistors (pots and resistance boxes), power rating of resistors, capacitance

and capacitors, types of capacitors, voltage rating of capacitors, capacitor coding, self-

inductance and inductor coils, air-core and iron-core coils, mutual- inductance and

transformers, autotransformer, transformer ratings, variable inductance.

Kirchoff's Laws and Network Theorems(7L): Kirchoff's current and voltage laws, branch-

current, mesh-current and node voltage methods of circuit analysis, T to Pi and Pi to T

conversions, Thevenin, Norton, Maximum Power transfer and Superposition theorems and

applications to simple problems.

Transient analysis (5L): Theory of charging and discharging a capacitor through a

resistance. Growth and decay of current in LR circuit

Forced oscillations and resonance (4L): Theory of forced oscillations in a series LCR

circuit, series resonance in an acceptor circuit, Q factor, parallel resonance in a rejecter

circuit.


[I] Electricity and Magnetism, Yearwood

[II] Network Analysis, D.Roychowdhury, New Age

[III] Circuits and Networks, Sudhakar Shyammohan, Tata McGraw Hill

UNIT II .

Basic Electronics I: Semiconductors and Analog Electronic Devices- Full Marks 30

Physics of Semiconductors (6L): Classification of crystals into insulators, metals and

semiconductors using energy band theory, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p and n

type semiconductors, mechanism of current conduction in semiconductors (drift and

diffusion), mobility, current density and conductivity, Hall effect.

p-n junction and the semiconductor diode (5L): Potentials and fields across a p-n junction,

energy band diagram, the pn diode, Volt-ampere (V-I) characteristic of a forward and reverse

biased p-n junction diode, difference in characteristics among Si, Ge and GaAs diodes,

Shockley's equation, temperature dependence of V-I characteristics, V-I characteristics of a

reverse biased Zener diode.


Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) (5L): pnp and npn transistors in Common Base (CB) ,

Common Emitter (CE) and Common Collector (CC) modes, current components in a BJT,

current gains: α and β, input, output and static characteristics in CB and CE modes.

Field Effect Transistor (FET) (5L): Construction of a Junction Field Effect Transistor

(JFET), n-channel and p-channel JFETs, drain characteristics and transfer characteristics of

an n-channel JFET, construction of a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

(MOSFET), n-channel and p-channel, depletion and enhancement type MOSFETs, drain and

transfer characteristics of n channel depletion MOSFET, FET parameters.


[I] Foundations of Electronics, Chattopadhyay and Rakshit , New Age

[II] Basic Electronics, Theraja S. Chand

[III] Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory , R. L. Boylestad and L. Nashelsky,

Pearson Education.

[IV] Basic Electronics and Linear Circuits , N. N. Bhargava et. Al., TMH

[V] Analog and Digital Electronics, Taraprasad Chattopadhyay, CBS Pub and

Distributors

[VI] Basic Electronics , K.K.Ghosh, Platinum Publisher

Semester – II

Paper II

Basic Electronics II: Analog Electronic Circuits

Full Marks 50

UNIT I : Diode and Transistor circuits. Full Marks 30

Diode circuits(3L): Diode as a circuit element, half and full-wave rectifier, PIV rating,

Bridge rectifier, Effect of filters, load and line regulation with a zener diode.

Transistor biasing (3L): Operating point and the need for biasing, Fixed bias and self-bias.

Small signal low frequency transistor amplifier (4L): Two-port devices and Hybrid-model

of a transistor, h-parameters and their determination from the static characteristics, analysis of

small signal low frequency amplifier using h parameters (calculation of current gain, voltage

gain, input impedance and output impedance).

Power amplifiers (2L): Class A, B and C large-signal amplifiers.


Feedback in amplifiers (3L): General theory of feedback, negative and positive feedback,

advantages of negative feedback, types of negative feedback.

Oscillators (4L): Barkhausen criterion for oscillation, Hartley oscillator, Phase-shift-

oscillator, crystal oscillator.

UNIT II-Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) and Op-Amp circuits -Full Marks 20

The 741 Op-Amp (10L):: Ideal and practical characteristics of the 741 Op-amp: open loop

voltage gain, unity-gain frequency, input resistance, output resistance, input bias current,

input offset current, input offset voltage, common-mode rejection ratio; Frequency effect,

Slew-rate.

Op-amp circuits (10L): Inverting amplifier, concept of virtual ground, adder, non- inverting

amplifier, concept of virtual short, unity gain buffer, phase-shifter, differential amplifier,

differentiator, integrator, first order low pass and high pass active filter, D/A converter

(Binary-weighted) , comparator, Schmitt-trigger.


[I] Foundations of Electronics , Chattopadhyay and Rakshit, New Age

[II] OP-Amp and Linear Integrated circuits, Gaykwad, Pearson

[III] OP-Amp and Linear Integrated circuits, Coughlin and Driscoll, PHI

[IV] OP-Amp and LinearIntegrated Circuits,Roychodhury and Jain , New Age

Semester – III

Paper III

UNIT I : Digital Electronics and Instrumentation- Marks 50

I. Digital Electronics

Number Systems (4L): Decimal, binary, hexadecimal, octal and BCD number systems and

conversion from one system to another.

Boolean Algebra (2L): Postulates and theorems, Sum of products and products of sum forms

of a Boolean function.


Logic Gates (3L): OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND and Ex-OR and Ex-NOR gates,

implementation of OR, AND and NOT gates with discrete components, NOR and NAND as

universal gates, use of Boolean algebra to describe operation of logic gates.

Digital Integrated Circuits and Logic Families (3L): Digital integrated circuits, levels of

integration, characteristics of logic families: Fan-out, Power dissipation, Propagation delay,

Noise margin, basic features of Diode Transistor Logic (DTL), Transistor-Transistor Logic

(TTL), Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL) and Complementary MOSFET, Logic (CMOS).

Combinational Logic Circuits (6L): Half and Full adders, comparator, multiplexer, decoder

and demultiplexer.

Flip flops and Sequential Circuits (8L): R-S latches, S-R flip flop, D-flip-flop, J-K flip-

flop, race condition, Master -slave J-K Flip-flop, asynchronous counter (ripple counter),

synchronous counter, Ring-counter, Mod-N counter, shift-registers, ROM and RAM.


[I] Digital Circuits (Vol-I&II), D.RoyChaudhuri, Platinum Publisher

[II] Digital Logic and Computer Design, Mano , Pearson

[III] Digital computer electronics, Malvino and Brown, Tata McGraw Hill

Paper IV:

Practical (Electricity and Analog Electronics ) Full Marks: 50

1. Verification of

I. Thevenin’s theorem

II. Norton’s theorem

III. Maximum power transfer theorem using a resistive Wheatstone bridge, dc

source, dc meters.

2. Study of series resonance in electric circuits:

I. To study the variation of the voltages across the inductance, capacitance and

resistance in a series LCR circuit.

II. To determine the current resonant frequency by noting the frequency at which the

voltage across the inductance equals that of the capacitance. To plot the graph of

the current amplitude versus frequency of the source and hence to determine the

current resonant frequency, bandwidth and the quality factor (Q value).

3. Study of p-n junction diode:


I. To draw I-V characteristics for forward-bias and to find the dc and ac resistances

of a p-n junction diode.

II. To study ripple-factor of half-wave, full-wave and bridge- rectifier with and

without filter ( the waveform to be studied in a CRO). Also to study the use of

bleeder resistor in a π-type filter.

4.Study of a Zener diode:

I. To study the forward and reverse bias characteristics of a Zener diode,

II. To study the load and line regulation ofa Zener diode voltage regulator.

5. Study of a BJT:

I. To draw the input and output static characteristics of a pnp and an npn transistor

in CB and CE configurations and find the respective hybrid parameters.

II. To study the frequency response of a CE amplifier: (i) the input-output voltage

relationship at a fixed frequency of the source (say, 1kHz). (ii) the variation of the

voltage gain with frequency at a value of the input voltage for which the input-

output voltage relationship is linear. (Design of circuit not required). Use a semi-

log graph paper to plot the gain versus frequency curve.

6. Experiments on Op-amp: To use the Op-amp as the inverting, non-inverting, differential

amplifier, unity gain buffer, and adder.





Reference Books:

[I] Basic Electronics: A Text Lab Manual, Zbar, TMH

[II] Laboratory Manual for Electronic Devices and Circuits, Bell, PHI

[III] Advanced Practical Physics Volume 2, B. Ghosh

Semester – IV Paper V

UNIT I. Instrumentation: Full Marks: 50

Regulated Power Supply (5L): Construction of a power supply with rectifier, filter, zener or

IC regulator, short circuit protection, positive and negative supplies.

Cathode ray oscilloscope(8L): Block diagram of CRO, cathode ray tube (CRT),

construction, basic principles of focusing and deflection of electron beam, basic elements of a


CRO, CRO probes, trigger circuits, applications of CRO in measuring voltage, frequency,

phase, brief ideas on dual-beam, dual trace and storage oscilloscopes.

Meters (6L): DC ammeters, voltmeters, voltmeter sensitivity, ohm meter, ammeter (series,

and shunt types), basic features of analog and digital multimeter (DMM), true RMS ac meter,

Q meter, power factor meter, digital voltmeter (DVM) (block diagram, A-D conversion

techniques, display).

Signal Generators (6L): Generation of sinusoidal, square wave and triangular waves,

Function generator (block diagram), Sweep-frequency generator.


[I] Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques, Helfrik and

Cooper, Pearson

[II] Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement, Carr, Pearson

[III] A course on Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentations, A.K.

Sawhney, Dhanpat Rai & Sons.

[IV] Electronic Instrumentation, Kalsi , TMH

PAPER VI

Practical (Digital Electronics ) Full Marks 50

1. To use discrete components (resistors, diodes/transistors) to construct OR, AND, NOT and

NAND gates on a breadboard. Verify the respective truth-tables.

2. (a) To verify De Morgan’s theorems and other Boolean identities using TTL IC chips.

(b) To show why NAND and NOR gates are called universal ga tes. (Use only NAND gates

or NOR gates to construct AND, OR, NOT, EX-OR and EX-NOR gates)

3. (a) To construct a half adder and full adder using NAND gates.

(b) To construct a full adder using 2 half adders and an OR gate.

4. (a) To design a 4:1 multiplexer using TTL NAND gates.

(b) To construct a 2:4 decoder using TTL NAND gates.

(c) To study the 3:8 decoder chip IC 74138. Show how you can use two 3:8 decoders to

design a 4:16 decoder.Verify the truth tables.

5. To construct SR, D and JK flip-flops using TTL NAND gates and verify their truth-tables.

6.Design and verify the following register i) SISO ii)SIPO iii) PIPO iv)PISO

7. Study of Modulo - 3, Modulo - 5, Modulo – 7, Modulo – 10 Counters.






Reference Books:

[I] Basic Electronics: A Text Lab Manual, Zbar, TMH

[II] Laboratory Manual for Electronic Devices and Circuits, Bell,

[III] Advanced Practical Physics Volume 2, B. Ghosh.

[IV] Digital Logic and Computer Design, M. Mano, Pearson

[V] Digital Circuits, Volumes 1 and 2 , D. R. Chowdhury , Platinum Publishers

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