Chapter 4 Booklet

Focus Questions: Choose one question to answer after completing the chapter booklet. You need to provide 10 points for this part. /10

1. How did economic competition shape the fur trade?2. What roles did French, British, Frist Nations, and Metis peoples play in the fur

trade?3. What impacts did the fur trade have on diverse peoples?

Vocabulary /30

Word Definition Write the definition using your own words.

Picture/Sentence Use the word in a sentence or draw a picture to represent the word.

Competition

Ouendat

Coureurs de bois

Middleman

Ogimauh

HBC

Recruited

‘Making a portage’

Canadiens

NWC

Factor

Castor

Pemmican

Economy

Heathen

5 Phases Outline

Provide 3 points for each Phase in the Fur Trade HINT: Look at the bold sentences in the textbook. /15

Fill in the Blanks & Maps

Phase 5: Monopoly in the West

Phase 4: The Drive West

Phase 3: Rival Networks

Phase 2: Expansion Inland

Phase 1: The Early Fur Trade

Red through Chapter 4 and fill in the blanks and colour the maps as you are prompted.

What’s Competition?

First Nations, like the ___________________ traded cod with the Europeans. The Europeans dried the fish on shore, but did not have ______________________ settlements. The Europeans came to shore for supplies, like ___________________. The British called the drying stations __________________.

Colour the area in which the trade occurred:

A

Glimpse of the Early Fur Trade

The early trade benefited ____________________. The First Nations believed the trade built relationships of ________________. The French traded _________________________ with the Mi’kmaq, which the Mi’kmaq used for traditional embroidery.

Phase 2: Expansion Inland: 1603 – 1670

______________ and _________________ were the shipping centres for fur trade along the ___________________________ to the ___________________. The French unloaded good

from France in Quebec and loaded furs to be shipped back to ________________. Smaller boats transported furs between _________________ and __________________.

Some people believe the French-Haudenosaunee war began because of _______________________________________________. Other people believe that there was already a conflict between the __________________ and other tribes, and that France got involved because of their allies. The Haudenosaunee were allies with the _____________ and the __________________. The Dutch and British used the conflict to ___________________ French control of the fur trade. The Haudenosaunee defeated the _________________ in 1649. The Ouendat were no longer middlemen. The Haudenosaunee had to seek a ____________ with the Anishinabe and French in 1701. Even though most First Nations were not interested in converting to Christianity, ___________________________ continued to try and convert them to Christianity.

Independent traders, called _________________________, traded directly with the First Nations. New France eventually made this trading _________________ because it had an ______________ trading post that the coureurs de bois were not using.

_____________________ hunting and trapping drastically reduced the population of animals, especially ____________________. In search for more furs, the traders and middlemen moved ________________.

Colour the area the French controlled during the fur trade:

A Glimpse of the Future

The __________________ would debate about the French traders’ proposals before agreeing to terms.

Backgrounder on the Anishinabe and the Fur Trade

The Anishinabe were allies with the _________________. They were trappers, guides, and middlemen. The French-Haudenosaunee War disrupted their ______________________________________________________. Soon, the Anishinabe relied on _______________ for their food supply.

Phase 3 Rival Networks: 1670 – 1760

Britain offered a group of merchants a ______________________ on trade in Rupert’s Land. The Hudson’s Bay Company still exists today. It is known as _____________________.

Colour the areas the British and French controlled:

First Nations that were in between the French and the British worked as ____________________.

The French had a trading strategy that involved _______________ contact and ________________________ with the First Nations. This resulted in ____________________. The children of cross-cultural marriages were called _____________ or _______________.

A lot of men from ______________________ were recruited by the HBC. They were desirable because _______________________. The HBC ________________ cross-cultural families.

Phase 4 The Drive West: 1760 – 1821

Colour the trade routes in Canada:

In 1763, ______________ became a British colony. This was the start of a huge ________________________ because the British were focused on ____________.

Because trade routes were _______________, First Nations supplied ___________, which was food that is ______________ to transport. People also started to move west. The __________________________________ took a central position for the ____________ at ________________. The Metis were key players in the fur trade. They acted as ____________________________________________________. As people expanded West, so did religion. _________________ began to convert First Nations to _____________________.

Meet the Metis

The first Metis families had ______________________________________. The children knew at least ____________________________ and had a rich mix of ________________. Metis families grew to include _______________ fathers. The Metis culture emerged as _____________________________________________ by blending elements of ___________________________ cultures in creative ways. Metis drove __________________ to haul merchandise to trade

forts. They were built ______________ nails. The Metis also made _____________ that were used a slings to lift heavy objects and blankets. The Metis built __________________farms along Red River. The structures were similar to their roots in New France.

A Glimpse of Metis Women in the Fur Trade

Metis women made __________________ from animal tendons, ________________ from moose meat, ________________ from rabbit furs, and medicine from ________________.

A Tale of Two Forts

_____________________and __________________________ had a fierce rivalry. Fort George was owned by the _________________________. At its height, ___________________________ lived there. The fort worked as both a __________________________ and a ______________________. At the forts, if you had high _____________, you enjoyed nice things. Alberta has more than ____________ old fur trade posts.

Phase 5 Monopoly in the West: 1821 – 1870

The HBC and the ________________ were in fierce competition that often led to bloodshed. _______________ ended the fighting by encouraging the companies to merge under the name of ____________________________________ in 1821.

Color the areas HBC had a monopoly on fur trading:

The _________________ won a court case against the ___________ in regards to rights of trading with Americans. Britain was concerned that ______________ would use ________________ connections to gain control of ___________________. Due to over hunting, __________________________ became scarce. In 1869, HBC sold ____________________ to Canada.

Summing Up: Impacts of the Fur Trade

Because of the fur trade, people moved _____________________________. ______________ had better trade possibilities than ___________________. The three focus settlements of New France were; __________________________________________________________.

Metis peoples were professional ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________who lived in _______________, which is now known as ________________.

The ________________________________ become the most geographically extensive First Nations in North America due to the _____________________. Because the Cree moved so far West, they came into conflict with _______________________________________________.

___________________________________ established the ____________ fur trade fort in _____________________.

__________________ established the first fur trade fort in _______________. _________________ followed and created _________________________. Some of the oldest places in Alberta started as _________________________. These

places were:o ______________________o Edmonton (1795) o ______________________o Rocky Mountain House (1799)o ______________________