gpon fundamentals 11-06-09 final

GPON/FTTH

PTCL Training & Development

Content Development Team Muhammad Usman Muhammad Pervaz Ahmad Muhammad Zeeshan Nasir Mahmood, Muhammad Pervez, Jamil Ahmed, Jamil-ud-din, Muhammad Zaheer, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Ahmad Ali Shah, Ghulam Mustafa,Senior Instructor, PTC Lahore Senior Instructor, PTC Faisalabad Senior Instructor, PTCL Staff College, Haripur Lecturer, PTCL Academy, Islamabad Lecturer, PTCL Staff College, Haripur Lecturer, PTC Peshawar Instructor, PTC Multan Instructor, PTC Quetta Junior Instructor, PTC Karachi Junior Instructor, PTC Peshawar Junior Instructor, PTC Sukkur

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ObjectivesAfter completion of this course, the participants will be able to: List the limitations of traditional copper based access network and explain how GPON addresses these limitations Describe the Architecture of an optical access network Identify the components and operation of GPON Describe Key GPON technology.

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Contents1. Overview of Optical Access Network 2. Basic Concepts of PON 3. GPON Standards 4. GPON Reference Model 5. GPON Key Technologies 6. GPON Management and Service Provisioning 7. Basic Services over GPON Network

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Overview of Access Network


Definition (AN)It is access of customer to the telecommunication services or vice versa. Traditionally it was called OSP (Outside Plant) or LN (Local Network) or Local Loop. Access Network is a network that connects a user to the telecommunication services.

6


Access Network

EX

Access NetworkLE END USER

EX

AN is called the last mile of Telecom Netw

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Role of AN in the Operators Business Final tool for service delivery to the end usersQuality & flexibility of AN determine the speed and quality of service to the end users Major cost factor for the

operator

a competitive environment End user oriented, generates revenue for operatorsServices node

Accounts for about 40~50% of total telecom network investment Very important in

ServicesAccess Network End user

Motive: revenue

Good AN, Better Services, More Revenue !8PTCL Training & Development

138

Types of Access Networks Wired Access Networks Copper wired Access Networks

2 W-Loop for POTS, ISDN,XDSL

Fiber optic based access Networks FTTB FTTC FTTH For POTS, ISDN,XDSL, VOIP, TV, MSAN.

Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial Cable Systems Access network for the cable TV networks, Internet, VOIP.

Wireless Access System (WLL) CDMA Wi-MAx

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Characteristics of Traditional Access ModeFeeder layer 3~5 km Distribution layer Drop layer 500m~1 10~300 m km CC D.PConnection Cabinet Distribution Box

LECentral office

USER

Copper Cables Based Point to point/star architecture Tailored to voice/low speed data passive

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Limitation of Traditional Access ModeFeeder layer 3~5 km Distribution layer Drop layer 500m~1 10~300 m km CC D.PConnection Cabinet Distribution Box

LECentral office

USER

Copper Cables Based Small coverage Limited bandwidth Maintenance complexity Reliability cut down Traditional access mode has become the Enormous bottleneck of modern telecom network! investment11PTCL Training & Development

How to Overcome the bottleneck

Optical Integrated Services Access NetworkAdvantages: Wide Coverage Broad Bandwidth Easy Maintenance High Reliability Low InvestmentPTCL Training & Development

!

12

140

Access Network StatusDuring the current period of transition, global telecom carriers need to: 1. Enhance service competitiveness and provide more services. 2. Increase ARPU (Average Revenue Per User) value and reduce the maintenance cost by binding multiple services. 3. Improve customers satisfaction on the network and reduce the customer churn rate. To make a success in the transition, increasing the bandwidth is the prerequisite.13PTCL Training & Development

Introduction-Broadband Services Voice services revenue is getting flat On a world wide basis, the market is calling out for broadband which allows for the wide range of applications and products e.g., 14

High speed internet access Sophisticated telephony services High definition TV Video on demand Network based gaming Music and moving down load Education and business based video conferencing Telemedicine.PTCL Training & Development

Narrowband and Broadband ServicesInternet connection speed 56K dial-up modem 256K broadband 512K broadband 1Mb broadband 2Mb broadband 4Mb broadband 6Mb broadband 8Mb broadband 15 Time to down load a Time to down load a Streaming video typical web page typical 5 min song quality 14 sec 3 sec 1.6 sec 0.8 sec 0.4 sec 0.1 sec Instantaneous InstantaneousPTCL Training & Development

12 min 30 sec 3 min 1 min 30 sec 41 sec 20 sec 5 sec Instantaneous Instantaneous

Low Quality

Medium Quality

TV Quality

How to provide Broadband services through Access Network Digital Subscriber Line Cable Modem Fiber in The Loop Wireless Satellite Broadband over Power Lines

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Development Trend of the Access Network - All over IPWireless Voice Online Gaming Wireless Data High Speed Internet Streaming Location & Presence

Servic e

Message

Directory

Message

Dial-up

Storage

Video

Voice

Voice

VoIP X.25

Data

FR IP

Eth/IP/MPLS Aggregation Network

Core

ON

ATM PSTN SDH Cable

es r el Wi

GP FT TH

PDH

Access

ADSL Ethernet GSM/GPRS CDMA

DSL

s

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What is FTTH?// CO/HE

Copper Fiber

CO/HE //

Old networks, optimized for voice

2 Mbps

CO/HE

//

Optical networks, optimized for voice, video and data18

1 Gbps +

Note: network may be aerial or undergroundPTCL Training & Development

What is FTTH? An OAN in which the ONU is on or within the customers premise. Although the first installed capacity of a FTTH network varies, the upgrade capacity of a FTTH network exceeds all other transmission media. OAN: Optical Access Network ONU: Optical Network Unit OLT: Optical Line Termination

OANCO/HE //

OLT19PTCL Training & Development

ONU

FEATURES OF OPTICAL FIBER High Transmission Capacity Low Attenuation Long Repeater Spacing No Cross talk and Signal Leakage Small size and Light weight Security of service

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DISADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBER Small bending causes radiation loss Optical Fiber connections need to align the fiber core with fine precision A very small flaw (hole) at the fiber surface weaken the strength of fiber Optical Fiber is very Fragile

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Why FTTH? - fiber versus copper A single copper pair is capable of carrying 6 phone calls A single fiber pair is capable of carrying over 2.5 million simultaneous phone calls 64 channels at 2.5 Gb/s) A fiber optic cable with the same information-carrying capacity (bandwidth) as a comparable copper cable is less than 1% of both the size and weight

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Why FTTH? - fiber versus copper

Glass Uses light Transparent Dielectric materialnonconductive EMI immune Low thermal expansion Brittle, rigid material Chemically stable

Copper Uses electricity Opaque Electrically conductive material Susceptible to EMI High thermal expansion Ductile material Subject to corrosion and galvanic reactions Fortunately, its recyclable

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What is a Fiber Optic Cable? An optical fiber (or fiber) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length

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History of Optical CommunicationHand signals, Flags and Smoke Signals Light Transmission through bent water jet 1000 1880 1962 1966 1970 1973 Nature of light was defined and laws of reflection given Photo Phone by A.G. Bell Laser diode Idea of optical fiber for communication by Kao & Hock ham Chemical vapor deposition(VCD) < 20 db/ Km by Corning MCVD n n

1

1

2

Refraction of a light ray passing through an optically denser medium .31PTCL Training & Development

Index of Refraction

It is the ratio of the speed of light through a medium to the speed of light through vacuum.Index of refraction=n =

Vc Vg

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Index of Refraction

It is equal to the sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of the angle of refraction.Index of refraction=n =

sin sin

i r

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Refractive IndicesMATERIALVACCUM AIR MERCURY VAPOUR WATER GLASS DIAMOND

INDEX OF REFRACTION1.0000 1.0003 1.0009 1.3 1.6 2.4

Selected indices of refraction34PTCL Training & Development

Propagation Principles in Optical Fiber35PTCL Training & Development

Fiber Optic Principles Optical fiber is basically a glass waveguide. Different wavelengths of light are directed through the fiber core by refraction & reflection. Different wavelengths relate to different colors.

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Wavelength Invisible = Visible = Invisible = Infrared (high band) 400 - 750 nm Ultra-violet (low-band)

850 nm and 1300 nm / Multi-mode LED 1310 nm and 1550 nm / Single-mode LED

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Light Propagation in Optical Fiber Propagation of light in an optical fiber requires that the light be totally confined within the fiber. The above object can be obtained in two different ways Total Internal Reflection

Continuous Refraction

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Total Internal Reflection Most widely used method for the propagation of light through optical fiber is the total internal reflection. The amount and direction of deflection is determined by the amount of difference in refractive indices as well as the angle at which the rays strike the boundary.

39


Total Internal Reflection

(Continued)

For incidence angles equal to or greater than the critical angle, the glass air boundary will act as a mirror and no light escape from the glass. Example:n2 (Glass) Sin c 1 = n (Air) = 1.5 Sin 90 1 Sin c = 0.6667 c = 41.8

0

40



(Continued)

For incidence angles equal to or greater than the critical angle, the glass air boundary will act as a mirror and no light escape from the glass. Example:n2 (Glass) Sin c 1 = n (Air) = 1.5 Sin 90 1 Sin c = 0.6667 c = 41.8

0

41



(Continued)

Out Going Ray

Incoming Ray

Light propagation within a flexible glass fiber.42


Continuous Refraction Very complex core structure

(Continued)

High refractive index (n ) at the center decreases gradually to a lower refractive index (n ) at the circumference.1 2

43



(Continued)

In step index fiber, the index profile for a constant index fiber displays a sharp step at the fibers perimeter. The variable index fiber shows an index profile that has its highest value in the center and slops away gradually. This is referred to as a graded-index fiber.

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Continuous RefractionSTEP INDEX FIBER

(Continued)

GRADED INDEX FIBER

A

B

n1 n2A comparison of index profiles for step-index and graded-index fibers.45PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refractionn1 n2 n3 n4

(Continued)

How light rays react to a gradually changing index ?

n1 n2 n3 n4

Hypothetical Multilayer Fiber46PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction4 3 2 1

(Continued)

n4 n n n n n n3

5 6 7

2 1

2 3

4

Light propagation with in a hypothetical multi layer fiber.47


Core Profile1.490

(Continued)

Refractive Index Difference

1.485 1.480 1.475 1.470 1.465

Cladding60 40 20

62.5 micron core0 20 40

Cladding60

Fiber Radius (microns)48PTCL Training & Development


(Continued)

The effects of increasing the number of refractive layers while maintaining the same n

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Continuous RefractionCENTER

(Continued)

n

OUTSIDE

FOUR LAYERS50PTCL Training & Development


(Continued)

n

OUTSIDE

EIGHT51

LAYERS



(Continued)

n

OUTSIDE

INFINITE LAYERS52PTCL Training & Development

Graded index Fiber Graded-index fiber becoming very popular for specialized applications. It is relatively expensive to manufacture, due to its complex core structure. It is also more difficult to workwith.

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Two Methods of Optical ConfinementAContinuous Refraction (Graded Index Fiber)

BTotal Internal Refraction (Step Index Fiber)

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Classification of Optical Fiberon the basis of

Areas of Application

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FIBER OPTIC CABLES

InternalDuct Cable Simplex Cord Duplex Cord Breakout CableDistribution CableDirect Burial Cable

ExternalUnderground Cables

Underwater Cable

Short Span Cable Long Span Cable OPGW Cable Aerial Cables

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Classification on Application

Indoor cable Direct buried cable Duct cable Aerial cable Underwater cable

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Breakout Cable

Simplex Cord

Duplex figure 8 / Zip Cord59PTCL Training & Development

Breakout Cable

Continued

PVC sheath PVC jacket Centre member Buffered Optical Fiber Aramid yarn60PTCL Training & Development

Distribution Cable

Aramid yarn Optical Fiber Tight buffer Flame retardant PVC & zero halogen sheath

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Direct Burried CableCentral strength member Jelly filled loose tube PE inner sheathCorrugated coated steel tape armour

Moisture barrier sheath PE outer sheath

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DUCT CABLE

Polyethylene outer sheath Polyester tapes Jelly strength member Small Loose tube Optical fiber65PTCL Training & Development



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Aerial Fiber Optic Cable

Several variations of Aerial cables are available for fiber optic, depending on the placement, application and environment.

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AERIAL CABLE Tight Buffer

Supporting strength member PE sheath Central strength member Tight buffer

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AERIAL CABLE Loose TubeOptical fiber Central strength member Jelly filed Loose tube Supporting strength member

High density PE sheath

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AERIAL CABLE - Short SpanCentral strength member Moister resistant jelly Loose tube PE sheath Aramid yarn

High density PE sheath

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AERIAL CABLE Long SpanOptical Fiber Jelly Filled Slotted core PE Inner sheath Rods Reinforcing

PE outer sheath

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Under Water CableCentral strength member Optical fibers in loose tube Heat sealable tape PE inner sheath Moisture barrier sheath Bitumen layer Armoring wires PE outer sheath

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Connector

Insertion loss Repeatability

Fiber type

Application

0.06-1.00 dB

0.20dB

SM,MM

Telecommunication

0.20-0.50dB

0.20dB

SM,MM

Telecommunication

0.20-0.70dB

0.20dB

MM

Fiber Optic Networks

0.50-1.00dB

0.20dB

SM,MM

Datacom,Telecommunicat ion

0.20-0.70dB

0.20dB

SM,MM

Fiber Optic Networks

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Connector

Insertion loss

Repeatability

Fiber type

Application

0.30-1.00dB

0.25dB

SM,MM

Highdensity Interconnects

0.20-0.45dB

0.10dB

SM,MM

Telecommunication

0.2-0.45dB

0.10dB

SM,MM

Datacom

0.40-0.80dB

0.30dB

MM

Military

Typ.0.40dB (SM) Typ.0.50dB (MM)

Typ.0.40dB (SM) Typ.0.20dB (MM)

SM,MM

Inner-/intra-building Security, Navy

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ADAPTERS

ST Adapter

SMA Adapter

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ADAPTERS

Continued

D4 Adapter

DIN Adapter

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ADAPTERS

Continued

Biconic Adapter

FC Adapter

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ADAPTERS

Continued

SC Adapter

Mini- BNC Adapter

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Core

Optical Fiber Structure

Thin glass centre of the fiber where the light travels

Cladding Outer optical material surrounding the core that reflects the light back into thecore

Coating Plastic coating that protects the fiber from damage and moisture Glass Glass core glass cladding Lowest attenuation

Plastic Plastic core plastic cladding Highest attenuation

Plastic-clad silica Glass core plastic cladding Intermediate attenuation

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TYPES OF FIBRES1. SINGLE-MODE SINGLE-MODE In single-mode fibre only one ray, or mode, of light propagates down the core at a time. It is used primarily for telephony and cable television applications, and is used increasingly for campus backbones.81PTCL Training & Development

2.

MULTI-MODE

MULTI-MODE

Multi-mode fibre was the first type of fibre to be commercialized and is commonly used for data communications. In multi-mode fibre many rays, or modes, of light propagate down the core simultaneously. Multi-mode fibre typically is used in private premises networks, where signals are transmitted less than two kilometers.82PTCL Training & Development

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCESINGLE-MODE1. Diameter of core is less 2. Only one mode is propagated 3. Used for Short Haul & Long Haul Transmission

MULTI-MODE1. 2. 3. Diameter of core is more More than one mode are propagated Used for Short Haul transmission

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Fiber Optic ITU Standards G.651 MMF Large core: 50-62.5 microns in diameter Transmit infrared light (wavelength=850 to 1300 nm) Light Emitting Diode G.652 SMF Small core: 8-10 microns in diameter Transmit laser light (wavelength= 1200 to 1600 nm) Laser Diode

84


OPTICAL FIBRE CABLESlotted Core Inner Steel Armoring Polly-ethylene Middle sheet Polly-ethylene Polly-ethylene sheet sheet

Fibres

Strengthening member Corrugated steel tape85PTCL Training & Development

Fiber Optic Cable Construction

86


Why Total Internal Reflection ConceptLight travels through the core constantly bouncing from the cladding

DistanceA light wave can travel great distances because the cladding does not absorb light from the core

Signal degradationMostly due to impurities in the glass87PTCL Training & Development

REASON OF ABSORPTION LOSSES IN FIBER Atomic Defects in Glass composition Impurities of metal ions Electronic absorption bands in the ultra-violet region Atomic vibration bands in the near infrared region Intrinsic absorption

88


Attenuation Vs. Wavelength

89


O-band E-band S-band C-band L-band U-band

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Optical Fiber Transmission System Optical Transmitter: Produces and encodes the light signal. Optical Amplifier: May be necessary to boost the light signal (for long distance) Optical Receiver: Receives and decodes the light signal Optical Fiber: Conducts the light signal over a distance

Tx91

Amp

Rx


Optical TransmitterFunction: Electrical to optical converter Types:Light Emitting Diode (LED) Laser Diode (LD)

Comparison: Item Data rate Mode Distance Temp sensitivity cost92

LED Low Multimode short minor lowPTCL Training & Development

LD High Multimode/Single mode long substantial expensive

Optical Amplifier Definition: amplifier An optical fiber with a doped coating How it works: Most atoms in excited state rather then in ground state When perturbed by a photon, matter loses energy resulting in the creation of another photon Second photon is created with the same phase, frequency, polarization and direction of travel as the original. The perturbing photon is not destroying in the process Elements: Erbium-rare, so expensive Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)

93


Optical Receiver Function: Optical to electrical conversion.R x

Types photo detector:APD - (avalanche Photo Diode) PIN (Positive Intrinsic Negative Photo Diode)

How it works: Gives an electrical pulse when struck by light

Error:Thermal noise is an issue. To make pulse powerful enough, the error rate can be made arbitrarily small94PTCL Training & Development

Optical Transceiver Definition: A transmitter and a receiver in a single housing Practical Implementation: Transceivers typically comes as SFP Small-form-factor pluggable unitTX

R x

95


Joining Fibers - connectors Properties: Good alignment/correct orientation. Presentation at the termination point of the fiber Always introduce some loss Connector types: Amount of mating cycles LC, FC, SC, Color code APC green PC - blue96PTCL Training & Development

Optical Power Splitter Optical Splitter: Typically divide an optical signal from a single input into multiple (e.g two) output signal Generally provide a small optical loss to the signal passed through it

97


Optical Power Splitter

Power of 2 split 3.5 dBm loss every split 1x8 has on average 3.5x3=10.5 dBm of loss 1x32 has on average 3.5x5=17.5 dBm of loss Optical budget 28 dBm = 20 km98PTCL Training & Development

Fiber Cable loose tube Ideal for long distance Easy drop-off Standard buffer tubes for excess fiber length Anti-bucking central strength member Termination and splicing requires cleaning Gel may weaken fiber Inflexible stress buildup, cracks, water penetration99PTCL Training & Development

Loose Tube Cable in FTTH Advantages: Proven technology Lower cost for fibers below 144 fibers Ease of access to individual fibers

Disadvantages: Available in size only up to 432 fibers Cable becomes very large for size over 288 fibers Restoration can take longer for large count cable Need to pay attention to buffer tube storage in cold weather100PTCL Training & Development

Tight Buffer Usually indoor

Single fiber for patch-cords, pig-tails, jumpers, linking devices. Multi fiber in riser application

101


Advantages:

Ribbon Cable in FTTH

Proven technology Lower cost for 144 fibers and large Ease of access to individual fiber Large count cables will fit in a smaller duct than the same sized loose tube Higher fiber count in a splice tray

Disadvantages:More difficult to store pass-through fiber in a ped or splice case Ribbon is less tolerant to physical damage than loose tube102PTCL Training & Development

HOW FIBRE WORKS

103


Types of Windows used Wavelengths used for Single Mode Fiber (long distances) communications 1310 nm Usually lowest cost lasers Used for shorter broadcast runs and short to moderate data runs 1550 nm Can be amplified with relatively low-cost erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) Lasers are fabricated on a number of different wavelengths (about 1535 1600 nm) for wave division multiplexing (WDM) applications Slightly lower fiber loss at 1550 nm 1490 nm Increasingly popular for downstream data in 3l systems. Cannot be amplified as easily Somewhat higher device cost

104


Single and Dual Fiber Systems Single Fiber Downstream broadcast* on 1550 nm Upstream data on 1310 nm Downstream data on either 1310 or 1490 nm* depending on system Advantages Less fiber deployed Fewer optical passives (taps or splitters) Fewer labor-intensive connections

* Downstream data can be carried at 1550 nm if not used for broadcast

105


Single and Dual Fiber Systems Dual Fiber Various plans, usually one fiber will be used for downstream and one for upstream, or one will be used for broadcast and one for data. Sometimes one will be used for specialized services, such as returning RF-modulated data from set top terminals Advantages Simplifies terminal passive components Somewhat lower signal loss

106


SAFETY MEASURES REGARDING OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE HANDLING

107


Optical Fiber and LASER Light SafetySafety issues relevant to operation and maintenance staff involved in optical fiber systems fall into one of three categories: - Laser light Sources - Handling of bare optical fiber ends - Hazardous Chemicals

108


LASER LIGHT SOURCESThis includes both optical line transmission equipment and Optical test equipment. A laser can cause damage to human tissue either on the surface of the skin or in and around the eyes. - The Eyes - Laser Safety Requirements - Laser safety Procedures - Some General Rules on Laser Safety

109


The EyesThe eyes, being a very sensitive part of the human body, can Be very susceptible to the hazards of laser light.

Laser Safety RequirementsOnly staff who have attended an optical fiber training course And had their eyes tested may install, test and optical fiber cables.

Laser Safety Procedure-Ensure that the power is turned off at both ends of the section while the optical fiber cable is being worked on. -Under no circumstances should an optical fiber or connector

110


Vision Hazard

111


Vision Hazard

Continued

LASER

WARNING

112


FiberDont add fiber to your food !

Ingestion113PTCL Training & Development

Fiber

Continued

Bare fiber

114


OPTICAL FIBRE CABLEThat is connected to an optical source, be viewed directly with the eye or be directed at the skin. - In some circumstances it may be necessary to test fusion slices in conjunction with jointing operations. Under no circumstance Must a light signal from an OTDR) be transmitted through a fiber Until jointing staff have completed splicing operations on the fiber And have notified the testing Officer that it is safe to do so.

115


Some General Rules on Laser Safety

Never look into the beam of a transmitting laser, either via the output port of equipment or the end of a connected fiber Initially assume that all fiber and equipment is active in transmitting light. Optical connectors should always be held at least 300mm from the eye, etc.116PTCL Training & Development

HANDLING OF THE BARE FIBERS Bare fibers should be treated with more care than handling a piece of broken glass in the home If optical fiber glass accidentally penetrates the skin, it probably remain there and eventually infect the area around it However in extreme cases it could potentially end up in the blood stream, which would be extremely dangerous.117PTCL Training & Development

HANDLING OF THE BARE FIBERS Always dispose of broken fibers or fiber. Off cuts in receptacle designated for this purpose i.e. fiber bin. Do not throw bare fiber in a waste disposal bin or on the floor. Always wash hands thoroughly after handling optical fiber, especially when eating food. Never touch the end of a bare fiber

118


FITL -Fiber in the loopFTTBFiber to the Building/Basement

FTTCFiber to the Curb/Cabinet

FTTHFiber to the Home

119


Architecture of Optical Access NetworkCO3.5-5km Remote Business

Customer PremisexDSL 2~20Mbps

BA

DSLAM

ODN2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

Curb

m 250-700 ge era ov Urban C

FTTC

OLT MDU Multi-Dwelling Unit2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

FTTB

OLT ONU Optical Networks Unit2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

FTTH

OLT ONT Optical Networks Termination

Optical Line Termination

120


What is Optical Access Network?From the architecture diagram, the optical access network comprises the following scenarios:

1. FTTB scenarioSBU : Single business unit ; providing a comparatively small number of ports such as POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T and DS1/T1/E1 ports MTU :Business Multi-tenant unit ; providing a comparatively larger number of ports, including POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T and DS1/T1/E1 ports.

FTTb ~ Fiber to the Building , is the deployment of fiber (optical) cable to a specific location within a building, then connected to the buildings existing copper, cable facilities. This deployment is also referred to as FTTB (Fiber to the Basement) & FTTB (Fiber to the Business). This deployment will be the typical for MDUs & MTUs also known as ** FTT mdu ~ Fiber to the MDU **

121


2. FTTC & FTTCab scenario. FTTC & FTTCab scenario MDU : Multi-dwelling unit ;providing a comparatively larger number of ports, including 10/100/1000BASE-T, VDSL2, and so on.

FTTc ~ Fiber to the Curb , is the deployment of fiber close to the customer but not fully to the customers residence. In this deployment the existing copper plant is still used to deliver service to the actual customer. FTTN (Fiber to the Neighborhood) & FTTC (Fiber to the Cabinet) generally fall under the FTTC category. Both services are in deployment and in use, a perfect example is a DLC/NGDLC (Digital Loop Carrier) which some of us get our phone service from. A direct fiber from the CO (Central Office) is terminated at the DLC/NGDLC and then service is delivered to the customers residence via the copper plant.

122


3. FTTH scenario FTTH scenario SFU : Single family unit , providing a comparatively small number of ports, including following types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, and RF. FTTh ~ Fiber to the Home , is the complete deployment of fiber to the customers home, with replacement of there existing NID (Network Interface Device). This replacement device is called an ONT (Optical Network Terminator).

123


Strategic Drivers for FTTH Multi Service Network - Service Convergence Each Long distance (20 Km) Only active components ate OLT and ONT splitter Passive Remote service provisioning Future proof (almost infinite bandwidth) Reduce operational costs Fiber cost decreasing compared to copper

124


Basic Concepts of PON


PON conceptPassive Optical NetworkOptical Network Termination

PSTNPassive Optical Splitter

InternetOptical Line Terminal

. . . . .

. .Optical Network Unit

IPTV PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;

. .

GPON architecture: Passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point;

126

Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Optical Network Unit (ONU) Optical Distribution Network (ODN).PTCL Training & Development

Why GPON?

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