grade 4 unit 2: nouns

Grade 4 UNIT 2: Nouns

Table of Contents

Introduction 3

Objectives 3

Lesson 1: Concrete and Abstract Nouns 4 Warm-up! 4 Learn About It! 5 Check Your Understanding 8 Let’s Step Up! 9

Lesson 2: Singular and Plural Nouns — Regular and Irregular 10 Learn About It! 11 Check Your Understanding 14 Let’s Step Up! 16

Lesson 3: Mass and Count Nouns — Quantifiers of Mass Nouns 17 Warm-up! 17 Learn About It! 18 Check Your Understanding 22 Let’s Step Up! 23

Lesson 4: Collective Nouns 24 Warm-up! 24 Learn About It! 25 Check Your Understanding 28 Let’s Step Up! 29

Lesson 5: Possessive Nouns 30 Warm-up! 30 Learn About It! 31 Check Your Understanding 35 Let’s Step Up! 36

Performance Task 37

Self-Check: How Well Did I Learn? 39

Wrap Up 40

Bibliography 42

Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited 2

GRADE 4 | ENGLISH

UNIT 2 Nouns A noun, when coupled with a verb, is usually an essential part of a sentence. It refers to a person, place, idea, or thing. Nouns reveal the main idea to the readers or listeners and thus give meaning to the sentence. Nouns are important when listening to teachers, talking with friends, reading stories, and writing paragraphs. In this unit, you will be able to learn the different kinds of nouns.

Objectives

In this unit, you should be able to:

● identify and use concrete nouns and abstract nouns; ● use the plural forms of regular and irregular nouns; ● use clear and coherent sentences employing appropriate grammatical structures:

Kinds of Nouns — Mass Nouns and Count Nouns and Quantifiers of Mass Nouns; ● use collective nouns; and ● compose clear and coherent sentences using appropriate grammatical structures:

Kinds of Nouns — Possessive Nouns.


Lesson 1: Concrete and Abstract Nouns

The most common nouns are the ones you can sense physically such as your parents, teachers, pets, school supplies, park benches, pillows, and flowers. Nouns have two types: concrete nouns and abstract nouns.

Warm-up!

Think-Pair-Share Activity: With a partner, examine the words below.

Identify the words that can be seen and those that cannot be seen. Share your answers in class.


Learn About It! The four words in the previous activity are examples of abstract and concrete nouns. The ones that can be seen are concrete nouns, while those that cannot be seen are abstract nouns. 1. Concrete Nouns Concrete nouns are nouns that can be recognized through the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Usually, these nouns refer to people, places, animals, and objects. Here are some examples of concrete nouns.

people: sibling, classmate, teacher, doctor, lawyer places: Luneta Park, museum, office, school, restaurant animals: dog, kitten, monkey, parrot, panda

objects: glass, computer, ball, telephone, the Harry Potter novels

Now, let’s use concrete nouns in sentences.

James gave Diana a book on her birthday.

Consider the words James, Diana, and book. You can see and talk to James and Diana. You can


shake their hands and see and hear them talk. With a book, you can read through it, hold it, and smell the pages. James and Diana are people, while a book is an object. Therefore, James, Diana, and book are concrete nouns.

Belle did not stop bringing her sick puppy to the clinic.

Consider the words puppy and clinic. You can play with a puppy, feed it, touch it, and bring it to places. With a clinic, you can see it and go inside it. A puppy is an animal, while a clinic is a place. Therefore, puppy and clinic are concrete nouns.

Arman lives in West Avenue.

Consider the words Arman and West Avenue. Arman is a name of a person; and West Avenue is a place where Arman lives. Therefore Arman and West Avenue are concrete nouns. 2. Abstract Nouns Abstract nouns are nouns that cannot be recognized through the five senses. You cannot see, hear, smell, taste, and touch abstract nouns. Usually, these are dates or events, emotions, ideas, qualities, and conditions. Here are a few examples of abstract nouns:

dates/events: weekend, December, Christmas Day, childhood emotions: pain, sadness, anger, joy ideas: peace, freedom, death, love qualities: perseverance, courage, compassion, honesty conditions: fever, cancer, sprain

Now, let’s use abstract nouns in sentences.


My friends and I are going to a birthday party.

Birthday party in this sentence is not a thing that can be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched. It is an event. Therefore, birthday party is an abstract noun.

When Stephanie scored high in her exams, her parents praised her for her diligence in her studies.

Diligence is a noun that cannot be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched. It has no color, shape, size, or texture. It is a quality. Therefore, diligence is an abstract noun.

Andrew expresses his love and admiration for his mother who works hard to raise their family.

The words love and admiration cannot be seen or touched, unlike Andrew and mother. These are ideas about something. Therefore, love and admiration are abstract nouns.


Check Your Understanding

Underline the abstract and concrete nouns in each sentence below:

1. Kiel held his mother’s hand.

2. The athlete exhibited immense strength.

3. The girl’s bravery astonished onlookers.

4. It is my pleasure to serve you.

5. That sports car is really expensive.

Match the nouns to the appropriate column.

bed sunset

Mrs. Solis hope

headache

National Museum Friday birth

notebook kindness

Concrete nouns Abstract nouns


Write five sentences with both concrete and abstract nouns.

1. _________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________________

Let’s Step Up!


Lesson 2: Singular and Plural Nouns — Regular and Irregular

In constructing sentences, it is important to pay attention to whether the nouns we use are singular or plural. It is also essential that we know how to pluralize nouns the right way.

Warm-up!

Think-Pair-Share Activity: Look at the illustrations below. Label each picture and discuss your answers with your seatmate.

A B


What do you think of the words in the two columns? How did the labels change? What did you add or change in spelling?

Learn About It!

The words you used in the previous activity are examples of concrete nouns. Concrete nouns and some abstract nouns can be singular or plural. A singular noun names one person, place, or thing. A plural noun, on the other hand, names more than one person, place or thing. There are two types of nouns based on how they become plural: regular and irregular nouns.


1. Regular nouns become plural nouns by adding -s to the end of the word. If the singular noun already ends in s, ss, x, ch, or sh, write its plural form by adding –es to the end. Always remember that in most cases, if a noun ends in a vowel followed by y, add -s to make them plural.

Singular Plural boat boats

house houses dog dogs

beaver beavers bus buses wish wishes

match matches box boxes ax axes ash ashes

potato potatoes tomato tomatoes

2. Irregular nouns are nouns that do not follow the simple rules of adding -s or -es. They usually change their spelling. If the singular noun ends in y, just change the y to i and add –es. If the noun ends with f, it usually forms its plural by changing f to v and adding -es.

Singular Plural woman women

man men child children tooth teeth foot feet

mouse mice city cities


baby babies elf elves leaf leaves

cactus cacti focus foci

fungus fungi analysis analyses

diagnosis diagnoses oasis oases thesis theses crisis crises

phenomenon phenomena criterion criteria

Some irregular nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

Singular Plural sheep sheep

fish fish deer deer

Some irregular nouns are always singular. They have no plural form. Usually, you cannot count these nouns. The singular form is used to refer to the entire quantity rather than one, two, or more countable items.

Singular Plural gold gold flour flour sugar sugar

Some irregular nouns have no singular form. They are always plural.


Singular Plural scissors scissors pants pants

glasses glasses


Provide at least five examples of regular and irregular nouns and provide the plural form of each word.

Complete the chart by writing the plural or singular form of the noun.

Singular Plural plant

fungi deer

scissors flour


Write a sentence based on the illustration provided. Use the proper singular and

plural form of nouns.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


Let’s Step Up!


Lesson 3: Mass and Count Nouns — Quantifiers of Mass Nouns

The number of nouns does not only focus on singular and plural. We can also classify the number of nouns as mass and count nouns.

Warm-up!

Think-Pair-Share Activity: With a partner, read the quote below.

Recall your lesson on singular and plural nouns. Which of the nouns in the quote has both the singular and plural form in it? Share your answers in class.


Learn About It!

In the previous activity, the word “race” is a singular noun, whereas the word “races” is a plural noun. They are both from the same base word, “race.” This shows that this noun can be counted. • The singular form refers to an event in which a number of people are competing. • The plural form refers to a series of races that happen at one place on a particular day. What is the other noun that is present in the quote? Is it possible to change this word into plural form? “Perseverance” is an abstract noun. It cannot be counted and is always in singular form. The word “race” is a count noun; the word “perseverance” is a mass noun. A count noun is a noun that has both a singular and plural form. It can be used after a numeral, after words such as many or few, or after the indefinite article a or an. In other words, they refer to separate things that you can count. Here are some examples:

pen computer bottle

finger flower camera


spoon desk cup television chair shoe

stick balloon book table comb

You must use an article, a number, or a possessive adjective before a singular count noun. The article a is used when the next word (noun or adjective) starts with a consonant and the article an is used when the next word starts with a vowel (a/e/i/o/u).

1. Jenny did not bring home the award but promised to get better. 2. James received five awards last night. 3. I dedicate my awards to my parents. 4. An award is given to the athlete who finished the race despite his disability. 5. A prestigious award is waiting for the one who perseveres.

You can use determiners with plural count nouns. Below are examples of determiners:

some any most more all

a lot of many both several few


1. Despite their difficulties, they brought home both awards for sports and academics. 2. Many awards were handed to them for showing much effort on their project.

A mass noun is a noun that cannot be counted. Mass nouns are always in singular form even when their meaning is plural. The following are examples:

information intelligence music butter sugar oil air smoke steam furniture flour

equipment money blood water electricity heat wood wool corn dirt

Remember that you can make mass nouns into count nouns by using quantifiers. A quantifier is a word for weight, volume, form, or the container that holds an item. In other words, a quantifier is a word that is used to measure the amount of a mass noun.


a scoop of ice cream a bottle of wine a jar of jam a cup of coffee a liter of water a gram of gold

a stick of butter a carton of milk a bar of soap a drop of blood a pitcher of lemonade

You can also use some determiners with mass nouns.

She used a lot of butter to bake the cake.

Ranier wrote all the information in his notebook.



On the space provided, write C for count noun and M for mass noun.

1. water ____________ 6. meat ____________ 2. fruit ____________ 7. sand ____________

3. coconut ____________ 8. book ____________ 4. bread ____________ 9. courage ____________ 5. information _________ 10. exercise ____________

Underline the correct word to complete each sentence and identify if it is a count noun or a mass noun.

1. Jashley’s mother uses butter / butters to prepare cakes. _____________ 2. We need some glue / glues to fix this vase. ___________ 3. I want some orange juice / juices. _________ 4. My brother bought three bottle / bottles of mineral water. ________ 5. There are a lot of window / windows in our classroom. ________

Use the following count and mass nouns in a sentence.

1. bravery ____________________________________________________________________ 2. rice ________________________________________________________________________ 3. wine_______________________________________________________________________ 4. bread _____________________________________________________________________ 5. house _____________________________________________________________________


Let’s Step Up!


Lesson 4: Collective Nouns

Aside from the use of mass and count nouns to identify the number of nouns, we can also use another classification of nouns to determine the number of nouns.

Warm-up!

Think-Pair-Share Activity: With a partner, examine the two sentences below.

Which sentence uses the word “team” as singular noun? Which one uses the same word as plural noun? Share your answers in class.


Learn About It!

Collective nouns are used to describe a group of nouns. It may refer to them as one unit or it may also refer to the individual members in a unit. This will determine if the collective noun is taken as singular or plural. Let’s take a look at the following sentences:

The team is not giving up despite being down by 10 points.

The collective noun, team, is used as singular noun. This is because the team moves as a single unit that shows unity and coherence in performing action.

The team are arguing among themselves.

The team (plural) are arguing among themselves. The collective noun, team, is used as plural noun. The members of the team are now the focus of the sentence.


Here are other examples of collective nouns:

People class of students army of soldiers choir of singers crew of sailors

band of musicians team of players

troupe of dancers staff of employees

tribe of natives audience of listeners

panel of experts board of directors

crowd of spectators

Animals catch of fish army of ants flight of birds flock of sheep hive of bees litter of cubs pride of lions

pack of wolves litter of puppies/kittens

swarm of bees pack of hounds


Things galaxy of stars wad of notes

stack of wood fleet of ships

string of pearls album of photographs

basket of fruits bowl of rice

bouquet of flowers bunch of keys

chest of drawers cloud of dust



Match the noun on the left column to the collective nouns on the right column.

1. judges a. herd 2. elephants b. panel 3. birds c. swarm 4. bees d. flock 5. ants e. army

Fill in the blanks with the correct collective noun to complete the sentence. 1. A ___________ of sheep was sent out in the field.

2. The ___________ of musicians plays a beautiful music. 3. We heard the _____________ of wolves howling.

4. As we cruised, we noticed a ___________ of dolphins beside our ship jumping off the water.

5. The zoologists observed the ___________ of lions.

On the blank provided, write S if the collective noun is used as singular and P if

plural. _________1. The audience cheers the winner of the competition. _________2. The orchestra performs my mother’s favorite music. _________3. The basketball team practices together every afternoon. _________4. The public have different opinions about this issue. _________5. The troop went to different directions.


Let’s Step Up!


Lesson 5: Possessive Nouns

Letting others know you own something is easily expressed orally. But in writing, we need to remember a few rules. This lesson will show you the rules to follow on how to make nouns express ownership.

Warm-up! Think-Pair-Share Activity: With a partner, examine the pictures below.

The following pictures show a woman’s cape, a rider’s helmet, a carpenter’s hammer, and a warrior’s shield.

What do you notice about the nouns: woman’s, rider’s, carpenter’s, and warrior’s? Share your thoughts in class.


Learn About It!

In the previous activity, the examples show ownership. You will notice that to show ownership, an apostrophe (‘) +s is added. Woman’s, rider’s, carpenter’s, and warrior’s are possessive nouns. A possessive noun shows ownership or possession. There are several rules to follow in forming the possessive form of nouns. 1. Possessive form of singular nouns In most cases, an apostrophe (‘) + s is added to most singular nouns and to plural nouns that do not end in s.

I found a cute bracelet in Michael’s car.

In the example, Michael is a singular noun. Following the formula, when showing possession, you should add apostrophe + s making it Michael’s car.

My brother went to the men’s section in the department store.

In this example, men is considered plural. However, since it is an irregular noun, it changes spelling instead of adding s at the end of the noun. In this case, the rule apostrophe + s applies.

I found the cook’s recipe in my old files.


Like the first example, cook is a singular noun. Therefore apostrophe + s should be added to show possession. 2. Possessive form of plural nouns Add an apostrophe ( ‘ ) to plural nouns or other nouns that already end in s.

We called all companies’ workers to this meeting.

Companies, in this example, is a plural noun ending in s. The rule states that only an apostrophe should be written in case a noun ends in s, which makes the possessive form companies’.

We bought our cats’ food in a pet shop.

Same as the first example, cats is a plural noun.

Tess’ shop closes in fifteen minutes.

Tess in this example ends in -s. The rule should also apply to this noun. 3. Possessive form of hyphenated nouns and compound nouns Add an apostrophe (‘) + s to the end of compound words or to the last word in a hyphenated noun.

My mother-in-law’s spaghetti recipe is my favorite.

Mother-in-law is an example of a hyphenated noun. Its possessive form has an apostrophe (‘)


and an s.

The post office’s stamps are cheap.

In this example, post office is the compound noun. It has an apostrophe (‘) + s in its possessive form.

The teachers read my half sister’s letter.

Half sister is another example of a compound noun. Only the last word shows possession. 4. Possessive form of two nouns that share ownership If two nouns share ownership, add the apostrophe + s to the second noun.

Bea and Jennifer’s new house is big.

In this example, the new house belongs to Bea and Jennifer. They both share ownership. The rule states that an apostrophe (‘) + s should be added to the second noun, which is Jennifer.

Zhian and Jamie’s dog is adorable.

The sentence tells us that Zhian and Jamie share ownership of the dog. The possessive form is Zhian and Jamie’s.


The old man used Jack and Jill’s pail of water to clean the pavement.

The pail of water belongs to Jack and Jill. The possessive form should be placed on the second noun, Jill’s. 5. Possessive form of two nouns that have separate ownership If two nouns are joined by “and” but have separate ownership, add an apostrophe + s to both nouns.

Matt’s and Jenny’s bedrooms were painted in blue and white, respectively.

In the example, Matt has his bedroom painted blue, and Jenny has her own bedroom painted white. They do not share ownership of the two different bedrooms. Therefore, possessive form should be placed on both nouns, Matt’s and Jenny’s.

Senator Santiago’s and Senator Cayetano’s accomplishments are outstanding.

The two nouns, Senator Santiago and Senator Cayetano, have separate ownership. Senator Santiago has her own accomplishment, and Senator Cayetano has his own accomplishment. Therefore, the possessive form should be Senator Santiago’s and Senator Cayetano’s.

The teacher talked about John’s and Ethan’s camping adventures.

John and Ethan have separate camping adventures. To show possession, both should be written with apostrophe (‘) + s.



Write the correct possessive form of the following:

1. sister-in-law / bag ________________________ 2. James / book ________________________ 3. full moon / brightness ________________________ 4. geese / eggs ________________________ 5. babies / shoes ________________________

Underline the correct possessive noun in the sentence.

1. The cars’ / car’s bumpers were locked in the traffic jam. 2. The dog’s / dogs’ tail is wagging. 3. The doctors’ / doctor’s white coat was hanging in his office. 4. Janna and Kiel’s / Janna’s and Kiel’s new car is the latest model. 5. Charles’ / Charles’s birthday is next week.


Below are superheroes and their corresponding weapons/abilities. Write the correct possessive form and use each of them in a sentence.

1. Captain America / shield _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Hercules / immortality _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Professor X / telepathic powers _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Wonder Woman / indestructible bracelets _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Iron Man / suit _____________________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Step Up!


Performance Task

Nutrition Minicomic

Goal: Your task is to create a minicomic to teach first-grade students about the importance of good nutrition.

Role: You are a teacher of nutrition. You have been tasked by your school’s health department to create a minicomic about good nutrition, which will be presented on Nutrition Month.

Audience: The target audience is the first-grade class.

Situation: The challenge involves coming up with a minicomic to show the difference between a balanced diet and an unhealthy diet and making it as interesting as possible.

Product/Performance and Purpose:

You need to create a minicomic using the following guidelines:

1. Create a minicomic that describes healthy and unhealthy eating. 2. Include at least 3 health problems that can occur as a result of poor eating. 3. Your minicomic must contain at least 5 examples of concrete and abstract nouns, 5

singular and plural nouns, 5 mass and count nouns, 5 collective nouns, and 5 possessive nouns.

4. Your minicomic must contain accurate information and a minimum of 500 words. Standards and criteria for success: Your work will be judged by the following rubric:


Criteria Beginning (0-12 points)

Developing (13-16 points)

Accomplished (17-20 points)

Score

Content (Focus on details/events are clearly evident; it is clearly related to the topic.)

Organization (Logical progression of details/events; clear transitions between ideas.)

Language (spelling, mechanics, grammar and usage)

Concrete and abstract nouns used 0-2 nouns 3 nouns 4-5 nouns

Singular and plural nouns used 0-2 nouns 3 nouns 4-5 nouns

Mass and count nouns used 0-2 nouns 3 nouns 4-5 nouns

Collective nouns used 0-2 nouns 3 nouns 4-5 nouns

Possessive nouns used 0-2 nouns 3 nouns 4-5 nouns

Creativity/Presentation Shows poor or no creativity

Shows excellent creativity

Research/Accuracy of information Demonstrates little / no reference to nutrition

Demonstrates an accurate understanding of nutrition

Punctuality More than 1 day late

1 day late On time

Total Score


Self-Check: How Well Did I Learn?

Do a self-check on how well you learned the lessons in this unit. Place a checkmark in the appropriate box.

Skills I think I need more practice and assistance

I am familiar and can perform well

with minimal assistance

I am confident that I can perform this on

my own

I can identify and use concrete nouns and abstract nouns

I can use the plural forms of regular and irregular nouns

I can use clear and coherent sentences employing appropriate grammatical structures: Kinds of Nouns — Mass Nouns and Count Nouns and Quantifiers of Mass Nouns

I can use collective nouns I can compose clear and coherent sentences using appropriate grammatical structures: Kinds of Nouns — Possessive Nouns


Wrap Up

Concrete Nouns Abstract Nouns

These are nouns that can be recognized through the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

These are nouns that cannot be recognized through the five senses.

Common examples are people, places, animals, and objects.

Common examples are dates or events, emotions, ideas, qualities, and conditions.

Rules Singular Nouns Plural Nouns

Most regular nouns form their plural by adding -s.

dog dogs

When a noun ends in s, ss, x, ch, or sh, its plural is formed by adding -es to the end.

box boxes

When a noun ends in y, change the y to i and add -es to form its plural.

baby babies

Most irregular nouns change in spelling. child children Some irregular nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

fish fish

Some irregular nouns are always singular. gold Some irregular nouns are always plural. eyeglasses

Count Nouns Mass Nouns

Both have a singular and plural form Always in singular form even when its meaning is plural

Can be used after a numeral Preceded by some After words such as many or few After the indefinite article a or an Needs quantifiers to be a count noun Can be counted Cannot be counted


Collective Nouns Examples Used to refer to a group of nouns a class of students

a flock of birds a group of islands

If the collective nouns refer to one unit, it is used as singular. If it refers to the individual members in the group, it is used as plural.

Possessive Nouns Cases Add

Ends with s apostrophe Doesn’t end with s. apostrophe + s Separate ownership of same thing apostrophe + s on both nouns Joint ownership apostrophe + s on last noun


Bibliography

Cambridge Dictionary. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/types-of-english-formal-informal-etc/british-and-american-english

"COMPOUND WORD." Capital Community College Foundation. Accessed January 20, 2018.http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/compounds.htm

“Concrete Nouns vs. Abstract Nouns.” Grammarly Blog. Accessed January 20, 2018.https://www.grammarly.com/blog/concrete-vs-abstract-nouns/

“Concrete versus Abstract Nouns.” Write Content Solutions. Accessed January 20, 2018.http://www.write.com/writing-guides/general-writing/mechanics/concrete-versus-abstract-nouns/

"Count / Non-Count Nouns Lesson Plan." BrainPOP Educators. Accessed January 20, 2018.https://educators.brainpop.com/lesson-plan/1-3-4-cookies-lesson-plan/

"Grammar Poster: Plural Nouns Rules." Abcteach. Accessed January 20, 2018.http://www.abcteach.com/documents/grammar-poster-plural-nouns-rules-10532

"Irregular Nouns - Singular and Plural Nouns - ESL Activities - SMARTboard Language Lessons." Abcteach. Accessed January 20, 2018.http://www.abcteach.com/documents/irregular-nouns-singular-and-plural-nouns-esl-activities-smartboard-language-lessons-41922

LEAD. Be Your Own English Teacher! Grammar Review. Quezon City: Milflores

Publishing Inc, 2015. LEO: Literacy Education Online. “Summary of Verb Tenses.” Accessed January 20,

2018.http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/grammar/tenses.html#simple Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Accessed January 20, 2018.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/ "Possessive Nouns Explained including plural and Singular." Reading Worksheets,

Spelling, Grammar, Comprehension, Lesson Plans. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://www.k12reader.com/term/possessive-nouns/

"Plural Noun Forms." Plural Noun Forms. Accessed January 20, 2018. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/plurals.htm


grade 4 unit 2: nouns

Documents