grade 9 science k-12

7/21/2019 Grade 9 Science K-12

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Wibt 4=Okglbstry

Oerca Masgpk L. Las bta

_tuhgits Cgoturg Leiuec


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_tuhgits Cgoturg Leiuec

Oerca M

Ecc darrawgh letgrbecs (blefgs, vbhgas, gto.) usgh bi tkbs w

ghuoetbaiec purpasgs aicy eih stbcc awigh dy tkgbr rgspg


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LAHWCG 5GCGOXTAIBO _XTWOXWTG

AN LEXXGT


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Tgoecc= Etalbo Lahgcs

_acbh _pkgrg Lahgc

(Maki Hectai, 5;:6)

Etal bs e uibnarl sacbh spkgrg

Zcul-Zuhhbif Lahgc

(MM Xkalsai, 52:?)

Gcgotrais (igfetbvg okerfgs)sprgeh ai pasbtbvg spkgrg ar

pratais


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Tgoecc= Tutkgrnarhs Iuocger Etalbo Lah

Hbsoavgrgh tkg iuocgus, e hgisg

pasbtbvgcy okerfgh ogitgr an tkgtkraufk tkg Fach Nabc Gxpgrblgi

Carh Grigst Tutkgrnarh 5;65-52?6)

Iadgc Zrbzg bi Okglbstry 52:;


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Bi tkg Iuocger Lahgc, tkg etalhgisg pasbtbvgcy okerfgh iuocgsurrauihgh dy igfetbvgcy okerfgcgotrais

Xkg etal bs lastcy glpty speobts less bs oaiogitretgh bi tkgiuocgus (oaisbstbif an pratais igutrais)


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Kawgvgr, bt oauch iat gxpcebi wky

lgtecs ar oalpauihs an lgtec fbvg annokereotgrbstbo oacar wkgi kgetgh bincelg suok es bi nbrgwar`s.

Xkg Ncelg Xgst

Kerry Zattgr Lavbgs

E O X B ^ B X B G _


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Eiecysbs an Oacars= Xkg Etalbo _pgotras

Gxobtetbaian Cbfkt

_gperetbai an Oacars Z


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Gxelpcgs an Etalbo _pgotre

Kyhrafgi

Cbtkbul


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Gxelpcgs an Etalbo _pgotre


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Ibgcs Dakrs Gxpceietbais

Bihbvbhuec cbigs bi tkg etalbo spgotre

oarrgspaihs ta e hgnbibtg gigrfytreisnarletbai wbtkbi tkg etal

Gcgotrais lavgh erauih tkg iuocgus bi enbxgh obroucer ardbts

Ardbts erg caoetgh et hgnbibtg hbsteiogsnral tkg iuocgus eih bs ecsa `iawi esgigrfy cgvgc,

i

, wkgrg ibs eiy wkacgiuldgr (5, 4, ?) .

Xkgsg ardbts ecsa kevg hgnbibtg arqueitbzgh gigrfy wkbok biorgesgs es

hbsteiog nral tkg iuocgus biorgesgs.

Ibgcs D

Iadgc Zr


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Ibgcs Dakrs Zceigtery Lahgc

Bi tkbs lahgc, gcgotrais obroucer ardbts wbtkbi spgigrfy cgvgcs erauih tk


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Kaw bs cbfkt prahuogh1Xkg gxpceietbai dgkbih nbrgwar`s

Ei etal fgts gxobtgh. Bt edsards gigrfy ta lavg ta

kbfkgr gigrfy cgvgc bi ei uistedcg stetg. Bt hggxobtgs dy fbvbif up tkg gxtre gigrfy dy glbsscbfkt ta bts arbfbiec gigrfy cgvgc ar frauih stetg. Xkgigrfy edsardgh/rgcgesgh verbgs es skawi dy bts


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^bsbdcg _pgotrul


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Edsarptbai an GigrfyG[OBXGH _XEXG, Wis

Glbssbai an Gigrfy

FTAWIH _XEXG, _tedcg


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Gcglgits glbt okereotgrbstbo cbfkt.

(e) Kyhrafgi, (d) Igai, (o) Cbtkbul, (h) _ahbul, (g) Zatessbul


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_uoogss eih Nebcurg an tkg Dakr EtalboLahgc

_WOG__

Bt prghbotgh tkg kyhrafgispgotrul.

Bt bitrahuogh tkg oaiogptan hbsorgtg gigrfy cgvgcs, i

(nbrst queitul iuldgr).

NEBCWTG

Bt wes iat sunnbobgit hgsorbdg etals (prggigrfy cgvgcs) wbtk ltkei aig gcgotrai.


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Wiogrtebity Zrbiobpcg

Zrapasgh dy Vgrigr @erc Kgbsgidgrf

Bt bs blpassbdcg ta `iaw datk tkgcaoetbai/pasbtbai eih vgcaobty an eigcgotrai et tkg selg tblg

Hgibgs tkg passbdbcbty an gcgotrais

lavbif bi hgnbibtg ardbtsVgrigr @erc Kgbs

Iadgc Zrbzg b


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_okrahbifgr Gquetbai

E letkgletboec gquetbai tket usgs hg

Drafcbgs kypatkgsbs tket gcgotrai oei dghgsorbdgh es e wevg

Wsgs e tkgargtboec eppraeok `iawi esqueitul ar wevg lgokeibos

Grwbi _okra

Iadgc Zrbz


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Xkg Uueitul Lgokeiboec Lahgc

Caubg hg DrafcbgsGCGOXTAI_ E_ VE^G

Vgrigr @erc KgbsgidgrfsWIOGTXEBIXR ZTBIOBZCG

Grwbi _okrahbifgrs_OKTAHBIFGT_ GUWEXBAI


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Tgmgotgh tkg bhge an gcgotrais bi hgnbibtg ardbts era

iuocgus Gcgotrais es e wevg.

Es e oaisgqugiog, gcgotrais oei dg nauih bi e ogrgfbai bi speog erauih tkg iuocgus oeccgh ardbtecs

_uoogssnuc bi gxpcebibif etalbo prapgrtbgs wkbok tklahgc wes iat edcg ta gxpcebi


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Hgsorbdgs tkg gcgotrai pasbtbai eih gigrfy tkraufk

letkgletboec gquetbai oeccgh _okrahbifgr gquetba Xkg lahgc prgobsgcy hgnbig gigrfy prgobsgcy, tkgrgnuiogrtebity ai gcgotrai pasbtbai desgh ai tkg Wioprbiobpcg

Gcgotrai bi ei etal bs hgsorbdgh dy sacutbai ta tkg_okrahbifgr gquetbai oeccgh wevg nuiotbais, .


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Xkg her`gr ei erge, tkgfrgetgr bs tkg pradedbcbtyan nbihbif tkg gcgotrai bitket erge


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Hgsorbdgs tkg rgfbai an speog erauih tkg iuocgus

oaisbstbif an skgccsecsaprbiobpec ar lebi gigrfy _kgccs Lexblul ia. an gcgotrais

5st @ 4

4ih C ;

?rh

L 5;8tk I ?4

7tk A 7:

>tk Z 64

6tk U 2;

Xa hgtgrlbig an gcgotrai pg

Lex ia. an g

wkgrg ibs tkgiuldgr


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Xkg prbiobpec gigrfy cgvgcs ar skgccs ley kevg aig

larg sudcgvgcs. Xkgsg sudcgvgcs erg essbfigh wbtkcgttgrs= s, p, h, n, eih f (eih sa ai)

_udskgccs

Lexblul ia. an

gcgotrais

Ardbtec

s (spkgrboec) 4 5

p (prbiobpec) > ?h (hbnnusg) 5: 7

n (nuihelgitec) 58 6Iatg= Aig ardbtec oaitebis e lexblul an 4 gcgotrais


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Ardbtec _kepgs eih Gigrfbgs

s typg ardbtec

Cawgst gigrfy ai geok cgvgc Nauih aicy aiog pgr gigrfy cgvgc

_pkgrg skepgh

_grbgs an oaiogitrbo spkgrgs


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p typg ardbtecs

Kbfkgr gigrfy tket s ardbtec Nauih stertbif et 4ih gigrfy cgvgc

_ud-skgccs an tkrggpardbtecs pgr cgvgc

Kaurfcess skepgh


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p typg ardbtecs


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h typg ardbtecs

Kbfkgr gigrfy tket s arpardbtec Nauih stertbif et ?rh gigrfy cgvgc _ud-skgccs an nbvg hardbtecs pgr cgvgc Last 8 cgen ocavgr skepgh


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h typg ardbtecs


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n typg ardbtecs

Kbfkgr gigrfy tket s, par hardbtec Nauih stertbif et 8tk gigrfy cgvgc _ud-skgccs an sgvgi nardbtecs Leiy hbnngrgit skepgs


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n typg ardbtecs

Oalperbsai an tkg Dakr eih _okrahbifgr


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Oalperbsai an tkg Dakr eih _okrahbifgrLahgc

Hbsorgtg gigrfy cgvgcs wbtk hgnbibtg gigrfy vecug

Aicy ogrtebi vecugs erg eccawgh

Gigrfy bn cast ar febigh dy gcgotrais hurbif treisbt

nral aig gigrfy cgvgc ta eiatkgr

_BLBCETBXBG_

Oalperbsai an tkg Dakr eih _okrahbifgr


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Oalperbsai an tkg Dakr eih _okrahbifgrLahgc

DAKT LAHGC

Gcgotrai bi ei ardbterauih tkg iuocgus

@iaws hbsteiog/rehbus angcgotrai wbtk ogrtebity

@iaws gigrfy an gcgotraiwbtk ogrtebity

_OKTAHBIFGT LA

Vevgnuiotbais hgnbiggigrfy eih pasbtbai agcgotrai

Okaasg ta hgnbig giggcgotrai prgobsgcy

Gxeot pasbtbai bs iat

Vevg nuiotbais hgsorpradedbcbty an nbihbifgcgotrai

HBNNGTGIOG_


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Gcgotraibo Oainbfuretbai

E wey an hbstrbdutbif gcgotrais bi hbnngrgit ardbtecs

erauih tkg iuocgus an ei etal

sphn iatetbai

5s5

_udskgcc hgsbfietba

Iuldgr an gcgotr

Zrbiobpec queituliuldgr, i


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Eundeu Zrbiobpcg= dubchbif an gcgotrais aig dy aig

tkg cawgst gigrfy cgvgc nbrst Arhgr=

5s 4s 4p ?s ?p 8s ?h 8p7s 8h 7p >s 8n 7h >p 6s

7h >p 6s 7n >h 6p .


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Fgigrec Zraoghurg bi Vrbtbif Frauih _tetg Gcgotraibo

Oainbfuretbai

5. Hgtgrlbig iuldgr an gcgotrais (gquec ta ])

4. Ehh gcgotrais ta ardbtec bi biorgesbif ardbtec gigr(cawgst ardbtec nbrst)


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Fgigrec Narluce nar ^ecgiog _kgccs

h-dcao` is4 (i-5)hx i bs tkg pgrbah eih x bs tkg pasbt

Gxogpt nar tkg Fraup an Ou eih Or

n-dcao` is

4

(i-5)h

5

(i-4)n

x


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Eddrgvbetgh Gcgotraibo Oainbfuretbai

_terts wbtk tkg igergst prgoghbif iadcg fes

Gcgotrai Oainbfuretbai Eddrgvbetg

5>_ 5s4 4s4 4p> ?s4 ?p8 PIg\ ?s4 ?

4;Ib 5s4 4s4 4p> ?s4 ?p> 8s4 ?h; PEr\ 8s4 ?


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LAHWCG 4

OKGLBOEC DAIHBIF


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Cgeribif Oalpgtgiobgs

Gxpcebi tkg narletbai an baibo eih oavecgit daihs

Tgoafibzg hbnngrgit typgs an oalpauihs (baibo aroavecgit) desgh ai tkgbr prapgrtbgs suok es lgctbipabit, kerhigss, pacerbty eih gcgotrboec eih tkgrleoaihuotbvbty.

Gxpcebi prapgrtbgs an lgtecs bi tgrls an tkgbr struo

Gxpcebi kaw bais erg narlgh.


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Tgoecc= Xkg Zgrbahbo Xedcg an Gcglgits

L

Xyp


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Fra

vgbi te

X

v

g


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_pgobe

5E= E4E= E>E= O

6E= K;E= I


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Tgoecc= ^ecgiog Gcgotrais

Gcgotrais et tkg autgrlast gigrfy

cgvgc an tkg etal

Gcgotrais tket pertbobpetgs bi daihbifnar tkg narletbai an oalpauihs

Nar lebi fraup gcglgits, tkg iuldgran vecgiog gcgotrai bs gqubvecgit ta

tkg fraup iuldgr.Dakr Etalbo La


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Gcgotraigfetbvbty (GI)

Lgesurg an tkg tgihgioy an ei etal ta ettreot gcg

^ecugs nar gcgotraigfetbvbty wes hgvgcapgh dy CbiuZeucbif

Kbfkgr gcgotraigfetbvbty vecug, kbfkgr tgihgioy ta

gcgotrais


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Zgrbahbo Xrgihs nar Gcgotraigfetbvbtyb

hgorgesbif


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Baibzetbai Gigrfy

Lbiblul gigrfy igghgh ta rglavg aig ar larg

gcgotrais nral e igutrec etal. Aig gcgotrai bs rglavgh nral tkg etal aig et e t

Cawgr Baibzetbai Gigrfy, Gesbgr ta rglavg bts vecgi

gcgotrai

Etal + Baibzetbai Gigrfy Etal+ + g-


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Zgrbahbo Xrgihs nar Baibzetbai Gigrfy


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Oalperbsai an Lgtecs vs. Iai-Lgtecs

LGXEC_

Caw Baibzetbai Gigrfy

Caw Gcgotraigfetbvbty

IAI-LGXEC_

Kbfk Baibzetbai Gigr

Kbfk Gcgotraigfetbvb

Xgihs ta treisngr arcaasg gcgotrais

Xgihs ta ettreot ar gcgotrais

^ecgiog gcgotrais oei dggesbcy rglavgh

^ecgiog gcgotrais oedg gesbcy rglavg


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Cgwbs Gcgotrai-Hat _yldac

E wey an rgprgsgitbif vecgiog gcgotrais

Xkbs syldac bs oalpasgh an tkg okglboecsyldac an tkg gcglgit eih hats tketrgprgsgit tkg iuldgr an vecgiog gcgotrais.

Fbcdgr

5

Ie

Gcglgit syldac ^ecgiog gcgotrai

_


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Cgwbs Gcgotrai-Hat _yldacs

Gcglgits tket erg bi tkg selg fraup kevg tkg selgcgotrai hat syldacs.

Xkg spgobnbo pasbtbais an tkg pebrgh eih uipebrgh herdbtrery es caif estkgrg bs aicy e pebr (ar twa gcgpgr sbhg an tkg gcglgit syldac.

Ok b c D h


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Okglboec Daihs

Ettreotbvg narogs tket kach etals tafgtkgr bi oal

Vky dbih

Xa ettebi last stedcg erreifglgit an gbfkt gcgot(bsagcgotraibo ar selg gcgotraibo oainbfuretbai c

tkg iadcg fesgs) Daihbif cawgrs tkg patgitbec gigrfy dgtwggi pa

eih igfetbvg pertbocgs

A T c


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Aotgt Tucg

Entgr daihbif, ei gcglgit tket febi ar casg ar skegcgotrai/s lust kevg gbfkt ;) gcgotrais ai bts vecskgcc naccawbif tkg oainbfuretbai an tkg igergst iadfes.

Gxogptbais=

Kyhrafgi wkbok naccaws tkg hugt rucg. Bt lust k

last twa 4) gcgotrais ai bts vecgiog skgcc

Xk X n Ok b c D h


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Xkrgg Xypgs an Okglboec Daihs

Baibo Daih

Oavecgit Daih

Lgteccbo Daih

5 B b D hb


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5. Baibo Daihbif

Daihs tket aoour nral tkg oalpcgtg treisngr angcgotrais nral gcgotrastetbo ettreotbais elaif bai

Ai tkg Zeucbif _oecg, tkg hbnngrgiog dgtwggi tkggcgotraigfetbvbty an tkg lgtec eih iai lgtec lust frgetgr tkei 5.6

GI 9 5.6 < GIlgtec GIiai-lgtec

Tgsucts bi tkg narletbai an bai, ei etal ar e fraupetals passgssbif e igt gcgotrboec okerfg

5 B b D hb


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5. Baibo Daihbif

Ie

Oc

Ie

+

Oc

-

Iatg= Entgr Daihbif, etals dgoalg bsagcgotraibo ta tkg igergst iIe bs bsagcgotraibo ta Ig wkbcg Oc bs bsagcgotraibo ta Er

Narletbai an bais

Casgs aig gcgotrai Febis aig gcgotrai

EI

Igfetbvgcy o Iai lgtecs

gcgotrais

OEXBAI

Zasbtbvgcy okerfgh spgobgs Lgtecs tket casg/s

gcgotrais

5 B b D hb


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5. Baibo Daihbif

Tgeotbai an Fraup 5 lgtecs wbtk Fraup 56 Iailgt

Cb N NCb++

Okglboec Narlu

Vrbtbif Okglboec Narluce an BaiboOalpauihs


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Oalpauihs

5. Vrbtg tkg syldacs an tkg lgtec nbrst naccawgh dy tkiai-lgtec.

4. Wsg tkg orbss-orass rucg bi hgtgrlbibif tkg sudsoan geok gcglgit bi tkg oalpauih.

OTB__ OTA__ TWCG= Xkg supgrsorbpt an tkg oetbai dgoalgs tk

an tkg eibai eih tkg supgrsorbpt an tkg eibai dgoalgs tkg sudtkg oetbai. Vkgi tkg sudsorbpt bi tkg narluce oei dg hbvbhgh diuldgr ta sblpcbny tkg narluce.

Ielbif Baibo Oalpauihs


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Ielbif Baibo Oalpauihs

Fgigrec Tucg= Xa ielgdbiery baibo oalpauihs

5. Ielg tkg lgtec es ei gcglgit.4. Ielg tkg iailgtec wbtk ei -bhggihbif.

Gcglgits wbtk Nbxgh Axbhetbai _tetgs.

BE BBE BBBE B^E ^E ^BE ^BBE

+5 +4 +? +8 -? -4 -5CbIe@

Dg, LfOe, _rDe

DEc

O_b

IZ

A__g

N, OcDr, B

5 Baibo Daihbif


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5. Baibo Daihbif

Tgeotbai an Fraup 4 lgtecs wbtk Fraup 56 Iailgt

Dg Dg4++

N

NN

N

Okglboec Narluce

_blpcg Dbiery Baibo Oalpauihs


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_blpcg Dbiery Baibo Oalpauihs

Tgeotbif Fraups Fgigrec Narluce Gxel

5 + 564 + 56

? + 56

L[L[4

L[?

CbNDgN

EcN

5 + 5>

4 + 5>? + 5>

L4[

L[L4[?

Ie4

DeEc4_

5 + 57

4 + 57

? + 57

L?[

L?[4

L[

Ie?

Lf?

EcI

Zrapgrtbgs an Baibo _udsteiogs


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Zrapgrtbgs an Baibo _udsteiogs

Iai oaihuotars an gcgotrbobty wkgi sacbh, ia lavbiokerfgs sbiog bais erg nbrlcy dauih bi tkg cettbog

Oaihuotars an gcgotrbobty wkgi lactgi ar bi equga

sacutbai, bais erg nrgg ta lavg

Kbfk lgctbif eih dabcbif pabit, straif baibo daihbigxtgihbif tkraufk tkg cettbog

Kerh, bais straifcy dauih bi tkg cettbog

Hgisg, hbstartbai oeusgs rgpucsbai dgtwggi bais aokerfgs

4 Oavecgit Daihbif


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4. Oavecgit Daihbif

Daihs tket aoour nral tkg skerbif an gcgotrais

Bn 4 gcgotrais erg skergh sbifcg daih Bn 8 gcgotrais erg skergh haudcg daih

Bn > gcgotrais erg skergh trbpcg daih

Xwa typgs an oavecgit daih=

Zacer Oavecgit=

GI < :.7 ta 5.6 Iai-Zacer Oavecgit= GI 3 :.7

Lu

O,

_alg Oallai Oavecgit Oalpauihs


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_alg Oallai Oavecgit Oalpauihs

Cgwbs _truoturgs Nar Oavecgit _truoturgs


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5. Hgtgrlbig tkg tatec iuldgr an vecgiog gcgotrais

4. Hgtgrlbig tkg iuldgr an gcgotrais igogssery ta tkg aotgt rucg wbtkaut gcgotrai skerbif

?. Fgt tkg hbnngrgiog dgtwggi (5) eih (4). Xkbs bs tkgiuldgr an daihbif gcgotrais erauih tkg ogitrec (Hbvbhg dy twa ta adtebi tkg daihbif pebrs)

8. Hgtgrlbig tkg ogitrec etal. Xkg cgest gcgotraigfantgi tkg nbrst etal bi tkg narluce.



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7. Daih etals ta ogitrec etal wbtk e sbifcg daih.

>. Oalpcgtg tkg aotgt nar ogitrec etal6. Hbstrbdutg gcgotraista oalpcgtg tkg aotgt nar eiy

etteokgh etals

pceog gxtre gcgotrais ai ogitrec etal bi pebrs

narl haudcg/trbpcg daihs bn igogssery ta oalpcgtg etals

Gxogptbais ta tkg Aotgt Tucg


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Gxogptbais ta tkg Aotgt Tucg

K eih Kg naccaw tkg hugt rucg

D usueccy kes aicy > surrauihbif gcgotrais Dg daihs wbtk must 8 surrauihbif gcgotrais

Gcglgits bi tkg ?rh pgrbah eih kbfkgr oaitebi hardbtecs, sa ley eooallahetg larg tkei ;. Xkbs tkg last cb gcy sbtuetbai, dut oei aoour. Xkg rgsuct gxpeihgh aotgt

_alg Gxogptbais ta tkg Aotgt Tucg


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Lacgoucgs wbtk ei ahh iuldgr angcgotrais

IA kes 7 + > < 55 vecgioggcgotrais

Lacgoucgs bi wkbok ei etal kes cgsstkei ei aotgt (Dg eih Dg).



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Lacgoucgs bi wkbok ei etal kes larg tkei ei aot

Hrew tkg Cgwbs _truoturgs an=


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Hrew tkg Cgwbs _truoturgs an=

5. Ellaibe, IK?

4. Vetgr, K4A?. Kyhrafgi okcarbhg, KOc

8. Ibtrafgi fes, I4

7. Axyfgi fes, A4

>. Lgtkeig, OK8

6. Kyhrafgi fes, K4;. Zkaspkbig, ZK?

2. _ucnur hbaxbhg, _A4

5:.Okcarbig fes, Oc4

4.E Iaipacer Oavecgit Daihs


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4.E Iaipacer Oavecgit Daihs

Oavecgit daihs bi wkbok tkggcgotrais erg gqueccy skergh

Xa dg iaipacer, tkg twa etalsbivacvgh bi tkg daih lust dgtkg selg gcglgit ta skerggqueccy.

Kes syllgtrboec okerfghbstrbdutbai

K K ar

I Iar

Kyhrafgi f

Ibtrafgi fe

4.D Zacer Oavecgit Daihs


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K

gcgotrai paar

rgfbai

Oavecgit daihs bi wkbok tkggcgotrais erg iat gqueccy

skergh

Xa dg iaipacer, tkg twahbnngrgit etals bivacvgh bi tkgdaih lust kevg hbnngrgitgcgotraigfetbvbtbgs.

Kes essyllgtrboec okerfghbstrbdutbai

NK

g- rbog- paar

h+ h-

Xkg gxbstgiog an pertbec okerfgs oavecgit daih dgkevgs es bn bt w

Ielbif Oavecgit Oalpauihs


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f p

Xa ielgdbiery oavecgit oalpauihs

5. Ielg tkg nbrst iailgtec es ei gcglgit.Xkg nbrst iai-lgtec skauch dg tkg cgssgcgotraigfetbvg gcglgitar tkg larglgteccbo dgtwggi tkg twa.

4. Ielg tkg sgoaih iailgtec wbtk ei -bhggihbif.

?. Wsg prgnbxgs ta bihboetg tkg iuldgr anetals (sudsorbpt) an geok gcglgit. Xkgprgnbx laiabs usueccy albttgh.

Iuld

Etal

5

4

?

8

7

>

6

;

2

5:

55

54

Vrbtbif Okglboec Narluce an OavecgitOalpauihs


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p

5. Vrbtg tkg syldacs bi tkg arhgr an tkg gcglgits bi ielg. Larg lgteccbo gcglgit lust oalgs nbrst.

Cbst an Iai-Lgtecs bi hgorgesbif gcgotraigfetbvbty

4. Vrbtg eiy prgnbxgs es sudsorbpts.

_alg an tkbs oalpauihs erg `iawi aicy dy tkgbr oallai ielgs cb g=K4A wetgrIK? ellaibeZK? pkaspkbig

N 3 A 3 Oc 3 I 3 Dr 3 B 3 _ 3 O 3 _g 3 Et 3 Xg 3 K 3 Z 3 Es 3 D 3 _d 3

Ocessbnybif Okglboec Daihs desgh ai G


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y f

Oavecgit

skerg g-

Zacer Oavecgit

pertbec treisngr an g-

Baibo

treisng

Biorgesbif hbnngrgiog bi gcgotraigfetbvbty

GI Baibo Okereotgr

9 5.6 Lastcy baibo:.7 5.6 Zacer oavecgit3 :.7 Iai Zacer Oavecgit


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Ocessbnybif Okglboec Daihs desgh ai GI

?. Lgteccbo Daihbif


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f

Gxbsts bi lgtecs tkraufk tkg ettreotbai dgtwggi nrglavbif eih gvgicy hbstrbdutgh ar hgcaoecbzgh sge

gcgotrais eih tkg pasbtbvgcy okerfgh lgtec etal.

Zrapgrtbgs an Lgteccbo _udsteiogs


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Faah oaihuotars an gcgotrbobty, hug ta hgcaoecbzghgcgotrais treisngr

Kbfk lgctbif eih dabcbif pabit, straif lgteccbo dai

Hgisg, bais tbfktcy peo`gh bi tkg cettbog

Leccgedcg, hbstartbai hags iat hbsrupt tkg daih

Custraus, hgcaoecbzgh gcgotrais oeusgs rgncgotbai a


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LAHWCG ?

DE_BO ATFEIBO OKGLB_X



85/161

gxpcebi kaw tkg struoturg an oerdai etal enngots ttypgs an daihs bt narls

rgoafibzg tkg fgigrec ocessgs eih usgs an arfeibooalpauihs.

Kbstary an Arfeibo Okglbstry


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(O) Oerca Masgpk L. Las`bta, @rbsteccg Oruz eih Melgs Eitkaiy Nreioa_udlbttgh es rgqubrglgit nar Okglbstry 524 (Okglboec Cbtgreturg), _goaih _glgstgr ER 4:55-4:54Bistbtutg an Okglbstry, Wibvgrsbty an tkg Zkbcbppbigs Cas Deias

Arfeibo Okglbstry
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=203165239762718&set=vb.100002077308363&type=3https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=203165239762718&set=vb.100002077308363&type=3


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bs e dreiok an okglbstry tket hgecs wbtk tkg stuhy aoalpauihs an oerdai, gspgobeccy tkasg bi wkbok o

bs oavecgitcy daihgh ta atkgr iai-lgtecs suok eskyhrafgi, axyfgi, ibtrafgi eih tkg kecafgis

Arfeibo Oalpauihs


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Fraup an oalpauihs tket oaitebi tkg gcglgit oe

Xkg oerdai etal usueccy narls daih wbtk= kyhrafgi aicy (ar kyhraoerdais)0 eih

kgtgraetals, atkgr gcglgits ielgcy axyfgi,ibtrafgi, pkaspkaraus, sucnur, eih kecafgis (ncuokcarbig, dralbig, eih bahbig

Fgigrec Zrapgrtbgs an Arfeibo Oalpauih


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_alg erg fesgs eih leiy erg cbqubhs et raaltglpgreturg

Caw lgctbif pabit

Cblbtgh sacudbcbty bi wetgr

Oaldustbdcg (Ncelledcg) eih/ar sgisbtbvg ta kget(hgoalpasgh dy kget)

Gxelpcgs an Arfeibo Oalpauihs


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Xkg Oerdai Etal


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Xgtrevgcgit, Kes naur vecgiog gcgotrais (@g`ucg ei_oatceih)

Oei narl naur straif oavecgit daih wbtk atkgr gcgeih wbtk oerdai btsgcn

Xkg Oerdai Etal


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Oei cbi` wbtk oerdai etals ta narl cbiger, dreiokgoyocbo deo`daigs

Xkg Oerdai Etal


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Oei narl leiy erreifglgit= sbifcg, haudcg eih tdaihs

Oaiogpt Lep an ArfeiboOalpauihs

ArfeiboOalpauihs


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Oalpauihs

Kyhraoerdais

Ecbpketbos

Ec`eigs Ec`gigs Ec`yigs Oyocbo Eiecafs

Er

Kyhraoerdais


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arfeibo oalpauihs tket oaitebi oerdai eih kyhraetals aicy

Ecbpketbos= ec`eigs (seturetgh),

ec`gigs eih ec`yigs (uiseturetgh)

Eraletbos ar ergigs

Kyhraoerdais


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Ocess

Narluce

(strebfkt okebi eiecafs)Nuiotbaiec Fraup

Ec`eigs OiK4i+4 oerdai-oerdaisbifcg daih O-

Ec`gigs OiK4ioerdai-oerdaihaudcg daih O arOK?OK?_truoturec Narluce

Cbst an Iarlec Ec`eigs


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Ia. an Oerdai Etal ?

Ielg Zrapeig

Narluce O?K; arOK?OK4OK?_truoturec Narluce



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Ia. an Oerdai Etal 8

Ielg Duteig

Narluce O8K5: arOK?OK4OK4OK?_truoturec Narluce

cbig eif



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Ielg Zgiteig

Narluce O7K54 arOK?OK4OK4OK4OK?_truoturec Narluce



103/161

Ia. an Oerdai Etal >

Ielg Kgxeig

Narluce O>K58 arOK?OK4OK4OK4OK4OK_truoturec Narluce



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Ielg Kgpteig

Narluce O6K5> arOK?OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4_truoturec Narluce



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Ia. an Oerdai Etal ;

Ielg Aoteig

Narluce O;K5; arOK?OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK_truoturec Narluce



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Ielg Iaieig

Narluce O2K4: arOK?OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4_truoturec Narluce



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Ia. an Oerdai Etal 5:

Ielg Hgoeig

Narluce O5:K44 arOK?OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4O_truoturec Narluce



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Ielg Wihgoeig

Narluce O55K48 arOK?OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK_truoturec Narluce



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Ielg Hahgoeig

Narluce O54K4> arOK?OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4OK4O_truoturec Narluce

Zrapgrtbgs an Ec`eigs

Zkysboec stetg=Ielg

F


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Zkysboec stetg=

O5 O8, fesgs et raal

tglpgreturg O7 O56, cbqubh et raaltglpgreturg

O5; eih edavg, sacbh etraal tglpgreturg

Lgtkeig Fes

Gtkeig Fes

Zrapeig Fes

Duteig Fes

Zgiteig Cbqu

Kgxeig Cbqu

Kgpteig CbquAoteig Cbqu

Iaieig Cbqu

Hgoeig Cbqu

Zrapgrtbgs an Ec`eigs

Biorgesgh bi dabcbif pabit es

Ielg

I

Lgtkeig -5>


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Biorgesgh bi dabcbif pabit eslacgoucer sbzg biorgesgs (ar

biorgesbif iuldgr an oerdaietals)

Bisacudcg bi wetgr

Cgss hgisg bi wetgr

Gtkeig -;;

Zrapeig -84Duteig :

Zgiteig ?>

Kgxeig >2

Kgpteig 2;

Aoteig 54>Iaieig 575

Hgoeig 568

Gxelpcgs an Ec`eigs


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Lgtkeig nral oaws lgtedacbzgh dyLgtkeiafgibo erokegebi tkg fut

Duteig fes bi cbfktgrs i-iaieoalpaigit

Ec`gigs

Zrgsgiog an oerdai-oerdai daih


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Zrgsgiog an oerdai oerdai haudcg daih

Ecsa `iawi es acgnbis

_yitkgsbzgh bihustrbeccy dy tkgrlec oreo`bif anpgtracgul

E ?H lahgc an gtkycgig, tkgsblpcgst ec`gig.

Cbst an Iarlec Ec`gigs


114/161


Ielg Gtkgig

Narluce O4K8 ar OK4


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Ielg Zrapgig

Narluce O?K> ar OK4


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Ielg 5-Dutgig

Narluce O8K; ar OK4


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Ielg 5-Zgitgig

Narluce O7K5: ar OK4


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Ielg 5-Kgxgig

Narluce O>K54 ar OK4


119/161

y


tglpgreturg O7 O5>, cbqubh et raaltglpgreturg

O56 eih edavg, wexy sacbhet raal tglpgreturg

Gtkgig Fes

Zrapgig Fes

5-Dutgig Fes

5-Zgitgig Cbqu

5-Kgxgig Cbqu

Zrapgrtbgs an Ec`gigs

Cb`g bi ec`eigs, biorgesgh bi

Ielg

I

Gtkgig -5:


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dabcbif pabit es lacgoucer

sbzg biorgesgs (ar biorgesbifiuldgr an oerdai etals)

Cgss hgisg tkei wetgr

Iat sacudcg wbtk wetgr

Zrapgig -86

5-Dutgig ->.5-Zgitgig ?:

5-Kgxgig >?

Ietureccy Aoourrbif Ec`gigs


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-oeratgig, areifg oacar bi oerrats



122/161

cyoapgig, rgh oacar bi taletags



123/161

cblaigig bi areifg

Ec`yigs

Zrgsgiog an oerdai-oerdai trbpcg daih


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E ?H lahgc aneogtycgig/gtkyig, tkg sblpec`yig.

Ec`yigs

Xkg sblpcgst ec`yig, gtkyig ar eogtycgig, bs prgpeb h t b cc


125/161

bihustrbeccy es=

444

4

4cblcbl

?

)(4

?

AKOeOKKOAKOeO

OOeOOeAO

Ooaec

OAOeAOeOA

gtkyig

oerdbhgoecobul

nurieoggcgotrbo

oa`g

ggstaig

Cbst an Iarlec Ec`yigs



126/161

Ielg Gtkyig

Narluce O4K4 ar OK

OK_truoturec Narluce




127/161

Ielg Zrapyig

Narluce O?K8 ar OK

OOK?_truoturec Narluce



I 5 D


128/161

Ielg 5-Dutyig

Narluce O8K> ar OK

OOK4OK?_truoturec Narluce



I 5 Z


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Ielg 5-Zgityig

Narluce O7K; ar OK

OOK4OK4OK?_truoturec Narluce


Ia. an Oerdai Etal >

I 5 K


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Ielg 5-Kgxyig

Narluce O>K5: ar OK

OOK4OK4OK4OK_truoturec Narluce

Zrapgrtbgs an Ec`yigs

Zkysboec stetg=

O O

Ielg

Gtkyig Fes


131/161


tglpgreturg O7 O56, cbqubh et raaltglpgreturg

O5; eih edavg, sacbh etraal tglpgreturg

Zrapyig Fes

5-Dutyig Fes5-Zgityig Cbqu

5-Kgxyig Cbqu

Zrapgrtbgs an Ec`yigs

Cb`g bi ec`eigs eih ec`gigs,biorgesgh bi dabcbif pabit es

Ielg

I

Gtkyig -;8

Z 4?


132/161

biorgesgh bi dabcbif pabit eslacgoucer sbzg biorgesgs (arbiorgesbif iuldgr an oerdaietals)

Cgss hgisg tkei wetgr

Iat sacudcg wbtk wetgr

Zrapygig -4?

5-Dutyig ;.55-Zgityig ?2

5-Kgxgyg 65

Gxelpcgs an Ec`yigs


133/161

eogtycgig, wbhgcy usgh es e eih e okglboec dubchbif dca

Ecoakac

Hgrbvgh nral e kyhraoerdai dy rgpceobif e kyhrafetal dy ei AK (kyhraxbhg) fraup


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etal dy ei AK (kyhraxbhg) fraup

Kbfkgr dabcbif pabit tket tkg selg ec`eig _acudcg bi wetgr

?

Oetl,?7:47:

AOr]iA,

)(4)(

a?4

4 fesfes AKOKKOA

Zrgperetbai an Ecoakac

Ngrlgitetbai an sufers eih sterok dy ygers ta pragtkeiac


135/161

gtkeiac

O>K54A> + ]ylesg 4 O4K7AK + 4 OA4

Gxelpcgs an Ecoakacs


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Lgtkeiac, ecsa waah ecoakac eih fbi ducefGtkeiac, usgh es e nugc eh



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Lgitkac, usgh es eiecfgsbo, slaatk lusocgrgcexeit eih pgstbobhg efebist dggs

Dgizyc ecoakac, oalpaigeih bceif-bceif



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Gtkycgig fcyoac, eutaladbcg eitbnrggzgFcyograc, wgttbif efgit bi caleiuneoturg an ibtrafcyogrbi

Oerdaiyc Oalpauihs= @gtaig eih Echgk

Kes e O


139/161

y f p

Echgkyhg

TOAK@gtaig

TOAT

Echgkyhg

Oerdaiyc fraup daihgh ta ei ec yc fraup (T) eih ekyhrafgi etal


140/161

y f

wkgrg Tbs ei ec yc fraup

Gxelpcgs an Echgkyhgs


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Narlechgkyhg, usgh nar prgsgrvetbai andbacafboec spgoblgis

Eoracgbi, usgh es oaiteot kprgoursar ta leiy oal

Gxelpcgs an Echgkyhgs


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Obtrec bi cglai

Dgizechgkyhg bi eclaih, oeih ceurgc abc

@gtaig

Oerdaiyc fraup bs daihgh ta twa oerdai-oaitebibisudstbtutgits


143/161

wkgrg Tbs ei ec yc fraup

Gxelpcgs an @gtaigs


144/161

Eogtaig, iebc pacbsk rglavgr eihsacvgit

Dgizapkgiaig, W^-dcao`gr usuisorggis


145/161

LAHWCG 8XKG LACG OAIOGZX


Wsg tkg lacg oaiogpt ta gxprgss less an sudsteieih


146/161

Hgtgrlbig tkg pgrogitefg oalpasbtbai an e oalpafbvgi bts okglboec narluce eih vbog vgrse.

Lacg

E oauitbif uibt usgh dy okglbsts ta lgesurg etalbi tgrls an iuldgr an pertbocgs dut eooarhbif ta tk

n d t


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less an sudsteiogs

Hgnbigh es tkg queitbty an e sudsteiog oaitebibif selg iuldgr an pertbocgs es O-54 ar >.:44 5:

4?

pertbocgs

5 lacg < >.:44 5:

4?

pertbocg

>.:44 5:

4?

pertbocgs I

E

)

Ecsa vafehras iuldgr

bi

kaiar

anBtecbei pkysbobst

Elghgra Oaitg hb


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Uuergfie g Ogrgtta Evafehra

, wkapastucetgh bi 5;55 tket gquec vaculgsan fesgs et selg tglpgreturg eihprgssurg oaitebi tkg selg iuldgr anfes lacgoucgs.

Tglgldgr!

E lacg bs gqubvecgit ta=


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>.:44 5:4?

pertbocgs

>:4,4::,:::,:::,:::,:::,:::,:::

Zertbocgs oauch dg=

EXAL_,

nar gcglgits

BAI_/ NATLWCE WIBX_, nar baibo oalpauih

LACGOWCG_, nar oavecgit oalpauihs

Vkgi ta usg etals, bais ar lacgoucgs1

5 lacg O < >.:44 x 5:4? O etals5 lacg K4A < >.:44 x 5:

4? K4A


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5 lacg K4A >.:44 x 5: K4A lacgoucgs

5 lacg IeOc < >.:44 x 5:4? IeOc narluce uiar >.:44 x 5:4? Ie+ bais eih

>.:44 x 5:4? Oc bais

Evafehras Iuldgr es e Oaivgrsbai Neo

_biog, 5 lacg < >.:44 5:4? pertbocgs


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>.:44 5:

4?

pertbocgs

5 lacg

5 lacg

>.:44 5:

4?

pe

ar

Lacer Less

Xkg Less an 5 lacg (bi frels)

Gquec ta tkg iulgrboec vecug an tkg evgrefg etalbo


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q f

5 lacg an O etals < 54.: f5 lacg an Lf etals < 48.? f

5 lacg an Ou etals < >?.7 f

Atkgr Ielgs Tgcetgh ta Lacer Less

Lacgoucer Less/Lacgoucer Vgbfkt= _ul an tkg tatelessgs an tkg etals bi lacgoucer oalpauih, bi e(etalbo less uibts)


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(etalbo less uibts).

Narluce Less/Narluce Vgbfkt= _ul an tkg tatec lan etals bi ei baibo oalpauih, bi elu (etalbo luibts)

Kaw ta Oecoucetg nar Lacer Less1

Ehh tkg etalbo wgbfkt/lessgs an eccgcglgits bi e oalpauih


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Gxelpcg= Nbih tkg lacer less an K4A.

4 K 5.:5 < 4.:4

5 A 5>.:: < 5>.::

Lacer less= 5;.:4 f/lac

gcglgits bi e oalpauih

Less an 5 Lacg an Hbnngrgit _udsteiogs

_udsteiog

Okglboec

Narluce

Lacer Less

f/lac)

Iuld

Zert

Axyfgi fes A ?4 :: > :44 x


155/161

Axyfgi fes A4 ?4.:: >.:44 x

_uorasg/ Xedcgsufer

O54K44A55 ?84.?8 >.:44 x

KyhrafgiZgraxbhg

K4A4 ?8.:4 >.:44 x

Oecobul Oe 8:.:; >.:44 x

Aig lacg an hbnngrgit sudsteiogs oaitebi hbnngrgit lessgs

Oecoucetbais bivacvbif Lacer Less eihEvafehras Iuldgr

XKG LACG TAEHLEZ


156/161

Less Lacg

Lacer Less Evafehrasiuldgr


Lacer Less Evafehras


157/161

Less Lacg iuldgr

(lac)oalpauihanlacg(frel)oalpauihanless

lacfLessLacer


Lacer Less Evafehras


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Less Lacg iuldgr

5:>.:44la5ar

lacg5pertbocgs5:>.:44

4?

4?

Zgrogitefg Oalpasbtbai

Xkg less an geok gcglgit bi e oalpauih oalpertkg gitbrg less an tkg oalpauih luctbpcbgh dy 5:pgrogit


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pgrogit

ar sblpcy, less pgrogitefg an ei gcglgit bi eoalpauih.

oalpauihanless

oalpatkgbigcglgittkganlessgcglgiteianless%


Nar gxelpcg, K4A=

Nral tkg lacer less, tkg sul an ecc gcglgits bs= 5


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f/lac

QQQQQQQQQQQQK%

%5::f/lac5;.:4

f/lac4.:4K%

QQQQQQQQQQA%

f/lac5;.:4

f/lac5>.::A%


Nar gxelpcg, K4A=

Zgrogitefg Oalpasbtbai an Vetgr


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55

;2

% K % A

grade 9 science k-12

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