graduate portfolio

[d e s i g n p o r t f o l i o ]rodney a. bell

[d e d i c a t i o n]

The following body of work would not be possible without the relentless criticality, endless support, and constant challenging of the dedicated profes-sors at Southern Polytechnic State University. And to my family, who has supported me throughout my education, I am eternally thankful.

[r o d n e y b e l l]

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[ 5 ]

grew up in cairo, georgia

Lew Oliver, Inc.Architecture Internship2007-2008

American Eagle OutfittersSales Associate2006-2010 (Seasonally)tile mason’s assistant

with my father(summers)

empl

oym

ent

educ

atio

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cogn

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flight training2001

2nd Year Design CompetitionSecond Place_Stool Design2008 (with Jereme + Jeremy Smith)

Polychrome SPSU Student Work PublicationCommunity Center Published

Florida United Business Ass.Office Duties2004-2005

Bainbridge CollegeGeneral Studies2004-2006

1st Year Design CompetitionFirst Place_Community Center Design2007

Cairo High Schoolcollege + tech prep diploma2004

Southern Polytechnic State UniversityArchitecture2006-2011

private pilot’s license2003







[ 6 ]r. bell | design portfolio | issuu.com/designandcognition


DVA ArchitectureProject Designer2011-

Youth Architects ForumSummer Salon Exhibition2009

Youth Architects ForumFall Salon Exhibition2009

Youth Architects ForumSummer Salon Exhibition2010

Lighting Design CompetitionFirst Place_Fixture Design2008 (with Kyle Hoard)

PolychromeSPSU Student Work PublicationPublished

3rd Year Design CompetitionSecond Place_Transit Hub Design2009

AIA South Atlantic Regional ConventionNature Center Design Exhibited by Liz Martin2008

Design Communication Association2010 ExhibitionSuburban SpatialityExhibited/ShortlistedLight Fixture Published (Prof. Robert Tango)


4th Year Design CompetitionFirst Place_High Rise Design2009

4th Year Design CompetitionFirst Place_High Rise Design2009

Thesis CompetitionFirst PlaceFaculty Choice AwardStudent Choice Award2011


Southern Polytechnic State Universitygraduated b.arch magna cum laude2011

?

w h a t c a n a r c h i t e c t u r e d o ?

[c o n t e n t s]


My design philosophy and approach revolves around several core principles. The first is a constant fo-cus on how each interven-tion improves the condition upon which it intervenes. Furthermore, a rigorous self-criticality challenges architecture’s potential. I have a deeply-rooted belief in the ability of architecture to address emergent con-temporary issues (psycho-logical, social, ecological, environmental, et cetera) and it is my belief that a sensibility to these issues is an inherent respon-sibility to all architects.

[inman park transit hub]2009second place_design competition

2009first place_design competition

2011first placefaculty choice awardstudent choice award

Non-Place and the Alienation of the Hyper-modern Subject_Architecture Theory

Restoring the Collective Rights to the City through Social Agency_Thesis Research

Galaxy CinemasAustin, Texas

2010

[ivan allen mixed use high rise]

[northside drive community nexus]

[thesis capstone project]

[writing sample(s)]

[ professional work_dva arch.]

Good /

\Harm

[ 9 ]

[ t h e s i s c a p s t o n e p r o j e c t _ s p r i n g 2 0 1 1 ] [ f i r s t p l a c e ( b e s t t h e s i s ) / f a c u l t y c h o i c e a w a r d / s t u d e n t c h o i c e a w a r d ][ f i r s t p l a c e ( b e s t t h e s i s ) / f a c u l t y c h o i c e a w a r d / s t u d e n t c h o i c e a w a r d ]

[ f i r s t p l a c e ( b e s t t h e s i s ) / f a c u l t y c h o i c e a w a r d / s t u d e n t c h o i c e a w a r d ]

[ restoring the collective rights to the city through social agency ]


This thesis investigation emerged from an initial interest in the notion of pas-sivity as engendered architecturally within the global spaces of flows. These spaces constitute the modern subjects comprehensive environment, impos-ing, fabricating, and constructing meaning and use for the modern subject, rendering him or her passive to the forces of consumption and neo-liberalism. Because the airport is the quintessential example of this spatiality and the need for a metro-Atlanta satellite airport clearly exists, this program was chosen as a test-bed for the investigation. The investigation begins by under-standing, firstly, how the modern subject generates space, intersubjectivity and meaning. In turn, how are these processes problematized within neo-liberal space on the urban and subjective scale. Finally, how can architecture afford a subversion, allowing the subject to exercise agency in the urban environment. And what are the implications of releasing agency into a hyper-programmed system such as the neo-liberal city?

[ f i r s t p l a c e ( b e s t t h e s i s ) / f a c u l t y c h o i c e a w a r d / s t u d e n t c h o i c e a w a r d ]

[ 11 ]

“the right to the city is far more than the individual lib-erty to access urban resources:

It is, moreover, a common rather than individual right since the transformation in-evitably depends on the ex-ercise of collective power to reshape the processes of urbanization.”--David Harvey

it is a right to change ourselves by changing the city.

[constructed reality] [reality][body as a generator of space, use , and meaning]

can architecture and urbanism problema-tize the relationship between the subject and his or her phys-cial, social, and ur-ban environment by enabling collective agency to indefinitely alter the city? and what physcial, social, and psychological implications attend such radical meth-ods of seeing and using urban space?


“although self-propelled, the locomotive’s path is deter-mined within strict boundar-ies...the subject’s freedom of movement is restricted by the instrumentalized image of the city, propagated under the reign of capital.”--Guy Debord

[constructed reality] [reality]

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The initial research for this investigation focused on understanding how we, as subjects generate our physical, social, and spatial environment through move-ment. Furthermore, how do these neurological processes generate intersub-jectivity, as posited through the phenomenological discourses of Merleau-Ponty and Jacques Derrida. Both critics of spatial hyper-rationalization inform con-temporary issues of subjective passivity and agency. These issues are rendered architectural primarily through the lens of the French Situationists, Bernard Ts-chumi, and David Harvey. Utilizing the subversive methods described within their discourses, I was able to find new methods of radically seeing and using space at the tactile level of the city. The psychogeographical maps of my site to the immediate left and right display new ways of generating space that operate outside of the armatures of consumerism and neo-liberal space. These maps were generated from walking the site and its immediate environs whilst taking photographs and recording a stream-of-consciousness. The resultant gestures spatialize the sensual experience of the site as problematized through the afore-mentioned contemporary issues.

[ 13 ]

[ s t r u c t u r e d a m b i g u i t y _ a m o d e l f o r u r b a n d e v e l o p m e n t][ s i t e c o n t e x t ]


[ d e s i g n m e t h o d o l o g y ]The site context is wrought with social, historical, and physcial irregularity. Because it remains completely unstructured and disperate and constantly mediated, this strength to Atlanta’s Chinatown is untapped. Can these ambiguities can be struc-tured but allowed to fluourish?

The next phase of the design process involves answering the

paradoxical question: how do we design for gen-erative spatial meaning and use? Utilizing a medium of modularity because of its more democratic con-figurational properties, I sought to create a system of urban organization that transcends the contemporary dialectic of rational planning (the Manhattan Grid) vs. neo-liberal entropy (suburban hierarchial systems). Utilizing the strengths of

both, I developed a trialectic of local mutations. As such, global connectivity is achieved through strategic con-nections to the global systems of movement while local muta-tions ensure a system of structured irregularity. This urban system is always changing and receives meaning according to local needs rather than imposing meaning. The ensuing design process will utilize these principles to ensure that the resultant urban system remains globally integrated while lo-cally mutatable.

Finally, how can these local conditions interface to those that are global: namely, the urban system and the airport pro-gram, both of which demand their own logic and stability?

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20 degrees

[ 15 ]

[ p r o c e s s ][s i t e + p r o g r a m ]

The typically insular and autonomous airport program is analagous to the coiled wire. Logically unwinding this program, I began to shape it according to local site conditions such that the airport becomes synthesi-zied into rather than autonomous from local site condidtions.

The first iterations and gestural studies resolved the complex issue of designing for possibility, or, put in terms of the investigation, structuring ambiguity. As such utilizing long forgotten site lines from the 2,000-bed Lawson Memorial VA Hospital, I developed an ordering system that is easily mutable in order to: create connection across the site that tie into the urban structural system; create fluidity within the site; easily accept program; and interface to the airport program. This fluid spatial-play with the aforementioned historical diagram exposes and utilizes this history.

airport program

urban circulation

programmatic topography

surface


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[ p r o c e s s ][ i n t e r f a c e ]

Developing the previous ideas architecturally, the follow-ing studies attempt to resolve the interface between the two diametrically opposed programs: the airport (globally connected/locally diconnected) and community programs (globally disconnected/locally continuous). Utilizing this interface, I am able to expose the reality of Atlanta as opposed to the typically fabricated reality (Georgia Aquar-ium, World of Coke, Centennial Park, Mall of Georgia, et cetera). These high-consumerist meccas tend to operate unto a logic external to the real inner-workings of a given city. Moreover, this airport program demands passivity and reluctance to agency. How can this interface dislodge the passive subject and engage him or her, as the Situ-ationists hinted throughout their discourses? This radical interface and juxtoposition of community programs to the airport program provides that opportunity for engage-ment and at least temporary dislodgement from Castells spaces of flow.

chamblee-tucker rd.

tarmac

terminal

ground servicesbaggage handling baggage claim

commmercial

community services

consulate spaces

arrival and pickup

parks + farming


arrival and pickup

metro

check-in

check-in

terminal

consulate

community spaces community spaces

parks + farming

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c o m m e r c i a l

[ p r o c e s s ][ e m e r g e n t d e v e l o p m e n t p r a c t i c e ]

11

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[recreation fields]This image was taken at a nearby abandoned lot that locals have repurposed as several soccer fields.

[indiangrass]A Georgia native species, indiangrass grows naturally with as little as two hours of sunlight per day and prevents site erosion.

[runoff reservoir]After the water has been properly and naturally treated, resevoir storage makes it publicly accessilbe and safe for recreation, evidenced by this example in Boulder, Colorado.

[bioswales]These vegetative trenches direct and clean runoff water from the areas north of the site to prevent soil erosion and the percola-tion of runoff toxins into the soil and water table.

[constructed wetlands]Artificial wetlands are an ecologically supportive waste management solution for both gray- and black-water filtration from the airports’ discharge.

[ l o c a l c r e e k s ]

[ p e a c h t r e e c r e e k ]

t o c h a t t a h o o c h e e r i v e r >


h o u s i n g

h o u s i n g

Having developed the notion of interface, utilizing a com-mon space between the global spaces of flow and the local spaces of community use, the next task involved resolving how this type of environment is self-sustaining and the manner in which it responds to local, rather than market, needs.

Staging the surface as infrastructure provides both a so-cially and evironmentally remediatory use to this typically exploitable unit of space. This ties the airport into larger ecological systems disolving its spatial, economic, and so-cial autonomy.

Transgressing neo-liberal space: The next design move seeks to utilize Tschumi’s notion of transgression (Factory 798, Architecture and Disjunction). Rather than destroy-ing and replacing an existing system of development, space and use, this architecture seeks to transgress: exist in juxtoposition creating mutable and emergent relation-ships. This explains the detachment from ground plane, which is always succeptible to neo-liberal reclaimation.

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peachtree-dekalb airport [existing]

conference center

outdoor amphitheatre

theatre lobbyreversible auditorium

exhibitionspaces

marta (metro)station

[section on pp 45-46]

public eventspace

pickup/dropoff

baggage claim

ground support

main terminal

commerce

ticketing/checkin

main terminal

tarmac

[section below]

chamblee-tucker road

airp

ort en

try

road

chamblee-dunwoody road

new p

each

tree ro

ad

proposed marta (m

etro) rail

security checkpoint

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[main terminal space]

[consulate spaces]

[ticketing/check-in]

[community use spaces]

[ o r t h o g r a p h i c s ]These drawings begin to express the complex programmatic rela-tionships that emerge from this scheme. The developed site section below describes an interface between community and airport termi-nal spaces. The plans and building detail above and left (respec-tively) corroborate these ideas architecturally as well. The idea that these community spaces are infinitely mutable is made graspable by Lite Steel technology. These beams which easily span the 17-foot required are easily moveable by one man and easily constructed using the saddle-brackets that hang on the super-structure. In this way, urban development is able to quickly and efficiently adapt to local needs. Additionally, this grassrooots type of development re-quires the permantent presense of an architectural staff, to direct and interpret the needs of the community into a built response.

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[ a i r p o r t a r r i v a l ]

[e x t e r i o r c l a d d i n g ]

[a i r p o r t s u p e r s t r u c t u r e ]

[ m a i n a i r p o r t l e v e l ]

[ c o m m u n i t y p i e r s ]

[ g r o u n d p l a n e ]


steel tube box truss

reversible theatre

exhibition spaces

baggage claim

arrival/check-in

MARTA metro station

commcercial spaces

conference center plaza

outdoor amphitheatre

arrival/dropoff area

bioswales

run-off resevoirs

marketspaces

airport tarmac

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[ u r b a n m u t a b i l i t y ]


[ a i r p o r t i n t e r f a c e ]

[ t e r m i n a l s e c t i o n ]

[ + f i v e y e a r s ]

[ + t e n y e a r s ]

This series begins to explain the two key components to this proposal and investigation: How does one interface the locally generative com-munity condition to a more globally connected airport condition? And what implications arise from such a radical juxtaposition? Expressed in the section perspective series to the left is this interface at the MARTA metro station and airport arrival + check-in area. The drawing continues to describe how this system is able to adapt to future needs. Perhaps the superstructure is built up in ten years and completely abandoned ten years later (only to be re-purposed at a future time). The main concept is this structures ability to adapt to the reoccurring market crises that are inherent to neo-liberal development practice.

The rendered collages to the right express this interface from the vantage point of a passenger. The top right rendering is taken just off of the ar-rival/check-in area, overlooking the public event space. The rendering below is near the security checkpoint where community structures move parallel to the terminal. The idea is that the opportunity to engage these local urban conditions and dislodge one’s self--even momentarily--from the globally passive spaces of flow, is radical in that the global citizen is presented ‘face-to-face’ (literally) to urban realities outside of the con-sumeristically constructed realities of tourist districts, shopping malls, convention centers, et cetera.

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[ u r b a n m u t a b i l i t y ]


[ c o m m u n i t y i n t e r f a c e ]

[ c o n c o u r s e s e c t i o n ]

[ + f i v e y e a r s ]

This series begins to speak to the root of the origional ideas--overcoming social passivity through an architecture of social agency. For the com-munity members, these spaces are of a certain feasible constructibility that is easily actuated by the community (with the design and strategic leadership co-operation of a community-dedicated team of architects). The superstructure can be infilled, or disassembled according to current needs. This collaging of uses, a few steps farther than the typical urban street section of classically urban environments, creates a texture of ur-banity. Whereas typical development is slow to respond to local needs and therefore attempts to organize them, this type of urbanity is able to bear the odd juxtaposition of uses that the local conditions require while maintaining a consistent global structure and relationship to the urban structure within which it is situated.

The other issue addressed in this rendering series is that of the interface of global space (the airport--left) and local space (community spaces--right). This interface allows for a generation of intersubjectivity whereas subjects begin to engage each other across the lines of the consumerist space and public space. This opportunity to dislodge one’s self from this passive spatiality is definitive to this investigation.

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[ c o n c l u s i o n s ]


[ e x p e r i e n c e d i n t e r f a c e ]

I shall return now to this passive and pre-programmed hyper-modern subject--hypothesized, theorized, and abstracted by countless thinkers in countless discourses. What does this investigation and the spaces that it has yielded mean to the center of this study?

Imagining such a violent (Tchumi’s violence) juxtoposition of spaces, do they really dislodge “even the most conservative elements in society?” Taking the slice of the site from the previous page, we can imagine this violent juxtaposition and its implications upon the subjects that utilize either side of the mutable barrier. Globally passive travellors are now faced with day-to-day local issues literall in-the-flesh. This interface, operable from both sides, allows users to determine the amount of which this exposure occurs. Local and global collapse onto each other, generat-ing a mutated condition through which both subjects are forced to accept the other, providing for a temporary dislodgement.

Utilizing the airport as a test-bed arose pri-marily from the investigation of the non-place. However, according to these con-clusions, it not only is the most blatant example of this problem, but possesses the most blatent potentiality of the solution.

As such, a constant presense of global to local ensures the possibilty of a new paradigm of urban thought, use, and design.

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[ f a l l s e m e s t e r _ f i f t h y e a r ]

[ h y b r i d - s c a p e s _ n o r t h s i d e d r . a t l a n t a ]


This project emerged fom several very complex and interrelated issues. The initial provocation was the extent to which landscape and architecture can develop a synthetic relationship and the emergent continuity that arises from such a thought and design process. Breaking this issue down further, I sought to resolve the idea of sustainability and its asscoiated ambiguity and contemporary contradictions in modern praxis. We were tasked to begin the investigation by identifying a monster, or the main issue plaguing the site--moreover, contemporary practice. After visiting the site, exploring its socio-spatial dimensions through physcial models and conceptual drawings, I centered my investigation on the idea of neo-liberal development models. More specifically, it was the way in which decisions are made fromt he finan-cial institutionsbased upon a given developments’ potential for capital gain, or profit. These decisions, as witnessed adjacent to the site in Vine City, can have devastating consequences. This advancing development front acquires properties implants profitable (but not necessarily beneficial) development. As adjacent properties either rot away or leech onto the developments, prop-erty values decline clearing the way for them to be purchased and converted to more profitable use. Therefore, I tasked myself with re-thinking develop-ment practice as a grassroots endeavor that both involves and function to support the communities that it affects.

[ 33 ]

development gesture study socio-spatial divisions study grassroots development study macro gestural study

Initial efforts involved dealing with the on-site landfill that was recently taken off of the Environ-mental Protection Agency’s national registry of polluted brown-field sites. Plasma arc gasification methods offer considerable promise for dealing with toxic materials on site. Gasification chambers that move from the west side of the site to its east side gasify all types of waste producing clean municipal gas and energy. Once at the east end of the site, they function to take in municipal waste from the City of Atlanta and sell the energy back to the city. This public co-dependence produces economic sustainability for the site’s operations. As such, the emergent development

can fund itself and operate outside of the neo-liberal development complex. The resale of excess natural gas back to the City of Atlanta funds further operations and expansion. Essentially, the the metropolitan area buys back its garbage and in turn funds expansion. The leftover

piers from the initial gasification efforts are then retrofitted to house more permanent community functions while the interstitial property is divided in a linear fashion, much like notions of eastern european property demarcation. Property divided in this way is

resistent to future buyouts and reversion to market development. This spatial defense produces slices of community use that are not easily accumulated according to typical neo-liberal development. These fragments also reconnect this the east/west urban

tissue that has been lacerated by the mega-scaled developments to the north and south of the site, problematizing the segregated nature of Atlanta’s urban fabric.


[initial concepts]

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[spatial explorations]

[community wetlands]

[northside drive interface]

[site section studies]


[ hyb

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r ]Continuing the themes from previous explorations, these spatial studies focused on creating generative in-teraction among the subjects, programs, and social issues. Therefore, rather than normatively blocking out program on a site, the program here is fragmented in a linear way such that it can become heterogeneous across the site. The programs include artificial wetlands (to provide recycled clean water to urban gardens in the public spaces), parking (for World Congress Center events), composting operations (to recycle waste into useful soil for urban farming operations), public park spaces, and public units that can be occupied for community needs such as urban farms, habitation, artistic expression, et cetera. After gasification operations have ceased, the piers are to be converted market spaces, educational spaces, commercial spaces (subsidized by micro-loans in order to ensure local demand is prioritized over market demand), and subsizized housing.

Current notions of private property are not necessarily amenable to this exploration. Therefore, implied here is a new social organizational paradigm whereby property is community-owned and operated to serve its needs. These units, located along the movement paths, are occupied by community members. This occupa-tion implies notions of adverse ownership, successfully precedented in urban Islamic societies (Crisis in the Built Environment: The Case of the Muslim City) and U.S. court precedent (Halsey vs. Humble Oil and Refin-

ing Co, 1993; Ramapo Manufacturing vs. Mape, 1915; Marengo Cave Company vs. Ross, 1937). Additionally, a community congress shall be instituted to

act as both a front to future development for these marginalized com-munities and also a democratically governing body through which

these decisions regarding macro expansion and local occupation can be fleshed out.

[ 37 ]

[ s i t e s e c t i o n s t u d i e s]

[community / residential pier]

[1]

[movement pier]

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With such rigid linearity imposed within this new fragmented spatial strategy, condending with lateral (north/south) movement becomes a formidable challenge. This sectional study depicts the movementfrom pier to pier and the social agency involved with that movement. City grids tend to be ontologically and spatially rigid--imposed by urban planners and altered only with significant physical, political, economic resources. For this reason, citizens merely move along and within these structures of movement. However, movement between the piers utilizes deployable connections (constructed by several people in a relatively short amount of time). This affords the local citizenry the agency to alter their structures of movements to suit local needs and use.

Furthermore, the sectional study begins to imagine how these fragmented linear structures speak with each other, spatial-izing the diagram to the right. Although usage, per Bernard Tschumi, is rather ambiguous and always in a state of onto-logical becoming (never imposed upon the users but always open-ended), the architecture that is created can suggest use in a a radically ambiguous manner. As such citizens posess the agency to utilize these spaces in a manner appropriate to current needs. And this exploration begins to suggest possible uses within this new type of organizational structure. Each pier--a remnant of the gasification process that de-toxified the site--recieves more rigid programs. These programs include community-use spaces (community congress offices, classroom space, gasification support spaces, commercial spaces, housing, et cetera). The interstitial piers, constructed of concrete and from leftover slag (produced during gasification), receive program and use from the community although they afford urban farming, park spaces, and many other uses. The market spaces (diagram_left) have outdoor expansion/flexible use spaces in order to accommodate larger events.


[site section]

[2]

[market space pier][movement pier][park spaces]

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[ generative notions of property and use ]

The plans below and renderings above begin to suggest the potentiality and pos-sibility that these linear pathways afford. Furthermore, the plans depict at a finite scale the heterogeneity and generative capability of such a spatial strategy of property demarcation and use. Shown in green are the movement structures, which, as can be seen on the site plane, tie into the existing downtown and Vine City/English Avenue street grids, restitging the urban laceration created by the railway and World Congress Center infrastructure. This connectivity, however, is meaningless unless program is superimposed upon it. Therefore, to secure these structures of moevement on the global scale, they are not programmed to receive finite programs. Rather, they are structured for movement with units for occupa-tion and use alongside, creating a lively environment for moving through the site. As such, citizens may occupy and use these units in ways that enrich and answer the needs of the community such that they “neither [harm] nor cause harm” to their neighbors (Akbars). This concept of property possession and responsibility, extracted from Akbars’ Crisis in the Built Environment: The Case for the Muslim City, requires and affords new social relationships that operate outside of neo-liberal structures of social relations. These more meaningful and relationships based on inter-community solidarity will insist upon a new society based on com-munity needs and continuity.

We were charged during the design process to abstractly define these new meth-ods of possession both in contract form and architectural rendering. The excerpt

to the right elaborates more clearly this notion of adverse possession while the plans below express these ideas architecturally.


_adverse possessionIn a concerted effort to operate independently of normative de-velopment practices which emphasize an exploitation of space for individual gain, ownership policies of vending units, marketplace units, gardening units, single occupancy residencies, et cetera shall henceforth be utilized according to the terms of adverse pos-session. As explained in [section 01], this system of ownership is based upon the premise that one acquires possession of cer-tain units through the use and meaningful cultivation of said units towards the larger needs of the community. Utilizing the units in such a way, the owner--the communities (via the Atlanta Commu-nity Congress)--shall legally ignore its use for a certain interval of time, rendering the unit in possession of those cultivating it. In the event that cultviation operates counter-intuitively to the values set forth in the introduction (either harming one’s neighbor(s) or causing harm to one’s neighbor(s), unit possessors will be acted upon and evicted from use. Additionally, this possession occurs specividally at a point that the possessor begins cultivating the site to his or her intended use and through public notification. This is corroborated by adjacent unit possessors and presented as a pub-lic communication of intent to the Atlanta Community Congress.

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[ s p r i n g s e m e s t e r _ t h i r d y e a r ]

[ s e c o n d p l a c e ]

[i n m a n p a r k t r a n s i t h u b _ a t l a n t a , g a]


This project seeks to synthesize many complex issues that exist both local to the site and systemmatic to its social context. The site, located along the Beltline--an abandoned system of railroad tracks around the city of At-lanta to be converted to park spaces--in Inman Park, was plagued by sev-eral contradictions. While preservations efforts on the west side of the site attempt to preserve the historic Fourth Ward district, gentrification along the east side of the site renders the actual site a middle ground, or third space, inhabited primarily by a thriving squatter population margin-alized into this spatiality. As such, I approached this conditionas an op-portunity to articulate a space that is neutral to both conditions, allowing all communities to cultivate the site through urban farming and market spaces, and ecological restoration and preservation. These central issues to an idea of cohesive community bind the three socially-opposed groups.

[ 43 ]

[ c o n t e x t + r e s p o n s e ]beltline

skate park

exposed asphalt sur-face

freedom parkway

squatter settlements

old fourth ward

site

inman park mixed use development

north highland road


Initial gestures explored the relationship between the previously stated commu-nities. The primary strategies consisted of empowering the marginalized com-munites whilst including the more afflu-ent Inman Park community. Exploring spatial strategies which meaningfully restitch these atomized communities, the transit hub exposes this strategy and experience to the regional area.

In an effort to instill cohesion, property lines from the Old Fourth Ward district to the west of the site were extended to create community gardens and modu-late the geometry of the transit hub and flexible use spaces. Furthermore, lines from the mixed use developments to the east of the site in Inman Park were extended into the site. Socio-cultural artifacts such as the kudzu fields (a spe-cies with untapped latent benefits) and the skatepark (built by the local com-munity) were preserved and empha-sized. These flexible use spaces accom-modate marketspace and open-ended surface/spatial conditions upon which the marginalized squatter population may utilize. An emphasis on the idea of community land enforces cohesion and de-emphasizes exclusionary tendencies already in place surrounding the site.

[transit hub]

[mixed use]

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[section_transit hub offices + ticketing]

[section_community flexible use spaces]

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[ s e c t i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t ]


A strong emphasis on sectional development at various scalar dimensions facilitated the articulation of these vari-ous and opposing spatial conditions. These section studies allowed me to more fluidly negotiate the spatial relation-ships between the Old Fourth Ward, forthcoming Beltline, and Inman Park at a more tactile level than masterplanning techniques afford. As such, I was able to deal with notions of interface, sustainability, and program at an experiential level. We were urged, early on, to develop sectional strate-gies that pushed notions of sustainability and construction beyond their normative conceptions. As the Beltline con-sists of a string of abandoned railroad tracks and industrial facilities, the recycling of building refuse as aggregate al-leviates the need of resources. Furthermore, elevating the program above the existing brownfield site facilitates the utilization of clean filtered water (from rooftop gardens and elevated wetlands) to slowly flush contaminates through the soil and aquifer at safe levels.

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[market spaces and waiting platform from bike path_view north]

[freedom parkway bridge _ pedestrian crossing _ view northeast]

One com-mon fac-

tor that both unites these

three disparate communities and

is inherent to post-industrial brownfield

sites is environmental justice. Visible evidence

of battery dumping and rail-way toxicity presents severe

ecological implications to any development on the site. This

problem is also an opportunity for defining new understandings of over-

used terms such as sustainability and nature. The macro-level understanding

of this site and subsequent intervention understand its place ecologically on both the

local and regional level. As such, community gardens, kudzu fields, natural grasses, and a for-

est micro-systems begin to incubate and foster a new ecological system that sustains itself. Elevated

wetlands and the trees-atlanta coop both foster wildlife chains that occur naturally and are self-sustaining. These

elevated wetlands also perform rain-/gray- water filtration, which flushes brownfiled toxins at an acceptable rate out of the

soil. A new public space emerges in which community citizens may actively engage this system and take part in nurturing it in a

non-exploitive way. Community gardens also foster new social rela-tionships of production and exchange which operate external to the ex-

ploitative market relationships which are always other-ed to its consumers.


[phase two _ community use center _ view southest]

[view to transit hub from bike path above _ view south][ e c o l o g i c a l s t r a t e g i e s ]

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[ f a l l s e m e s t e r _ f o u r t h y e a r ]

[ f i r s t p l a c e ]


[ i v a n a l l e n m i x e d u s e h i g h r i s e ]


This project presents several dynamic contradictions regarding program, lo-cation, use, and inhabitation. Sited along a developing corridor into Atlanta’s central business district, adjacent to low-income housing, several homeless shelters, and an emerging tourist district, the idea of who such a highrise could be built for, is used by, and benefits becomes very important. Or is this typology a contradiction in itself, considering the issues plaguing this area. Accepting the premise of this typology, I chose to interrogate it rigorously through questioning its logic and typological expectations. As such, the re-sulting scheme address all factions of its context, utilizing these contradictions as an opportunity expose societal issues. Making public the ground plane, im-plementing much-needed low-income housing and single-occupancy-residen-cy units, and facing the Pemberton Place spectacle to a resident-subsidized public-health clinic are the main methods of typological subversion.

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[ p r o c e s s ]

Not only does this investigation seek to ex-pose current realities; also inherent to this spatial exploration is the exposing of socio-historical rem-nants long forgotten from the neo-liberal reinventing of properties. Utilizing Sanborn maps, which expose the nature of this low-lying area--typically, in Atlanta, where impoverished demographics were relegated--I began developing a system of manipulation that exposed the histories and their associated implications. Office and high-end residential programs are located to the east of the site adjacent to the central business district. Hous-ing and public spaces work their way down to the western end of the site facing the dichotomous Pemberton Place and Atlanta Union Mission. Once these programs are established, they are then collapsed upon each other, generating new spatial-social-programmatic relationships. In this way, the typically autonomous and insular high-rise block is spatially and programmatically interrogated by actual site conditions and becomes an extension and reflection of them.


Initial three-dimensional explorations investigated a de-construction of the high-rise typology. Exploring what constitutes this typology and what implications and oppor-tunities emerge when it is contextualized and made public. The initial response to the site conditions (model_far left) revealed a dichotomy to this site. To the north where low-income housing and homeless support facilities dominate, all realities are exposed in their raw form: infrastructure, homelessness, poverty, et cetera. To the south, where the Ivan Allen development and Pemberton Place tourist spec-tacle is in full swing, consumeristic realities are created and propagated concealing their byproducts: the societal refuse witnessed to the north of the site. As such, how can this development begin to expose these conditions dislodging the passive consumer from his or her activi-ties. Moreover, how can this typically insular and autono-mous typology be cracked open to receive its context?

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[p l a n s + s e c t i o n s]These representations exhibit the extent to which this outdated typology has been deconstructed, reconstituted, and taken apart. Floor-plate configurations are broken and staggered in order to create a dialogue from floor to floor with vertical atria. This language is continued into the facade language, where facades communicate interior disruptions, effectively distorting this build-ing ‘lobotomy’ that Koolhaas describes in Delerious New York. Programs are not vertically com-partmentalized into the hyper-rational components. Programs interact with each other, creating emergent programmatic and social relationships. The public-housing plaza that interjects the office/reseidential portion of the east towers is a socially-minded answer to the elitist upper plaza of the W-Hotel accross the Williams Street to the East. The interjection of program, driven by historical and site force and carried out through formal and spatial articulation is the main driver behind this design scheme.v

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comm

unity public spaces

[ view south from williams street ]

[southwest

plaza]


[ view east from ivan allen ] [office spaces from

core]

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jaques tati: playtime (1967)

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These writing examples seek to express a level of thought geared not only towards understanding the underpinnings and of design, but also towards understanding how we, as subjects either individually, or collectively think about and use space. Furthermore, beyond designing space, writing and thinking spatially and about space, exposes the hidden layers of architecture and urbanism. This process allows the designer to explore the larger spatial implications of architecture and urbanism: namely, their psychological, socio-logical, physcial, programmatic effects.

This much neglected part of architecture allows better informed decisions during the more ‘hands-on’ design process. As such, it is my contention that designers cannot separate themsleves from past and contemporary discours-es lest architecture be reduced to visual and consumeristic trends.

[ s e l e c t e d w r i t i n g s a m p l e s ]

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[NON-PLACE AND THE ALIENATION OF THE HYPERMODERN SUBJECT]

This exerpt from a theoretical investigation into the architectural roots and premises of passivity outlines the late evolution of the current phenomenon of non-place, as pos-ited by Marc Auge and investigated in this paper. This investigation subsequently as-sisted in the formulation of future thesis re-search and my own architectural stances.


...In the convoluted transition from modernity to post-modernity, a change in production prompted a societal change. With evolving technology—particularly in the sectors of mass communication—spaces of production and consumption became sectored globally. Foucault states that the pre-eminent idea that carried on from modernity to post-modernity was the no-tion of “discipline,” which manifested itself differently in the two eras (can these be separated into two eras?) (Charles 3). The discipline of modernity strove in the spirit of efficiency and progress to create both “normalized and standardized behaviour…to train individuals and to force them into an identical mould so as to optimize their productive faculties” (Charles 3). Sébastien Charles notes that post-modernity reflects a post-disciplinary society that witnesses a blossoming of individuality. He credits and exem-plifies this through fashion during the transitional period from modernity to post-modernity. Fashion is so important in noting this individualization of so-ciety because it crosses class borders in that it is “indissociable from compe-tition between classes—between an aristocracy anxious to display its mag-nificence and a bourgeoisie eager to imitate it;” and as post-modernity pressed on, this notion trickled down to the middle to lower classes as well (Charles 4). In defiance against the disciplinarian societies that preceded, the postmodern subject strove to become autonomous of the collective whole and to “express a unique identity” (Charles 5). Henceforth, social norms were not constructed from the top down but organically formed by the individual (read: consumers). The authoritarian structures of [pre-] modernity have dissolved giving way to a system that emphasizes “private choice,” or the illusion thereof (Charles 7). By allowing for personalization, consumers can “either accept their identities or not” (7). Without a dis-ciplinary framework to systematize life, the postmodern subject is free to represent his/her-self as they feel appropriate. However, it must be empha-sized that witnessed here is an illusion of freedom. Although the subject is free of an authoritarian framework, he/she is subject now to consumerism. There exists during postmodernity a growing need to express individuality and through mass production (and consumption), this is possible. It is now the autonomy of the individual that is “celebrated” (9). These changes were tied almost exclusively to notions of mass production and consump-tion. Within the postmodern framework, there existed an individual that became even more autonomous from the collective through the ‘ben-efits’ of postmodernity—namely the proliferation of personalized goods—which lead to an individualization tied to and directed by the market.

Evolving into the contemporary condition, spatial and temporal issues have become even more exacerbated. New anxieties and crises of identity are emerging for the contemporary subject, mutating his alienation to yet an-other autonomous form. Augé terms the modernity of excess as super-modernity. He problematized anthropological place in the contemporary world because of its ”accelerated transformations” (20). A succinct un-derstanding of the emerging contradictions in contemporary anthropol-ogy can clarify the issues that one faces in studying current global trends.

Anthropological place indicates “places of identity, of relations, and of his-tory” (Augé 43). Furthermore, it is defined as “a space and frontiers beyond which other men are defined as others, in relation with other centers and other spaces. It is on these terms that anthropologists are able to study societies and their interrelations. But these concrete terms are not amenable to current spa-tial and temporal understandings within supermodernity. Societies are trans-forming globally and are networked as such. With the momentum of these transformations of time and events comes the acceleration of history. Be-cause of the age of instant information, we can nearly grasp all meaning from daily events from all perspectives through the heterotopic television screen. This condition leads to what Augé terms a “multiplication of events,” whereby a “density of events” convolutes meaning because of the “growing tangle and interdependencies in what some already call the “world system” (23). Beginning with the Modernists call to zeitgeist and a sudden anxiety about defining their own time, the problem has escalated to an “overinvestment of meaning” whereby the individual, with all of the invested information inun-dated upon him by the mass media strives to merely “give a meaning to the present” (Augé 23-4). The imagery overload immediately available to the indi-vidual numbs his/her senses to world events and simply creates a disinterested knowledge of the world system and its space—“we may not know [the impli-cations of the events] but we recognize them” (Augé 26) Continuing the ad-vances in transportational technology, supermodernity is marked by an abun-dance of space. With the advent of jet airline travel, the world is effectively shrunk to a temporal distance of 22 hours—the longest airline flight to date is Newark, NJ to Singapore operated by Al Nippon Airways. With every corner of the globe effectively available to the individual on the physical level in less than a day and technologically available to him/her through a simple internet search engine, what is witnessed is an abundance of space. Furthermore, with space travel and knowledge of the universe advancing exponentially with radio and infrared telescopes allowing us to see through time into the his-tory of the known extents of space, the once infinite limits of our spatiality seem almost insignificant. Through cheap deregulated air travel and mass media proliferation, all places and geographies are immediately available. It seems immediately clear that the current supermodern condition can be character-ized by “an image of excess” (Augé 24). Lipovetsky elaborates on the image of excess in what he terms in a synonymic way “hypermodernity” character-ized by a “economic deregulation, scientific developments…with effects that are heavy with threats as well as promises, commercialization of lifestyles…and rampant individualism” (31). Or more succinctly, he categorizes it as “a sec-ond modernity, deregulated and globalized” (31). The excess that Lipovetsky notes is that of “consumption” bred of “[h]ypercapitalism” that further begets “hyperindividualism” (33). Note that these are all terms and tenets that de-scribe [post]modernity indicating not so much a break from modernity but a societal mutation of it. “Nothing,” he warns, “is safe from the logic of the ex-treme” that pervades hypermodernity whereby anything that becomes mildly popular is immediately commercialized and exploited for maximum profit...

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...The underpinnings of a discussion on the relationship between a sub-ject and his or her external condition—or, environment—will be centered on the phenomenological discourses asserted by Maurice Merleau-Ponty and the linguistic discourses of Jacques Derrida. Their findings describe a certain relationship between subject + environment and subject + subject. Once understood, these discourses will be placed in the con-text of architecture and elaborated in terms of their contribution to the understanding of how the contemporary subject apprehends his or her environment within the non-place. An emerging trend in these find-ings reveal a disjunction in the way that the subject can understand his environment physically, socially, historically, et cetera. There seems to be, since the intellectual over-rationality of the Enlightenment and economic over-rationality of the emerging global economies, an ero-sion of the individual’s ability to critically engage his social and physical environment. This of course, as demonstrated by Derrida, Merleau-Ponty, and other contemporary scholars such as Bernard Tschumi and Peter Eisenman, has dire political and social implications. The struc-ture of the argument at present will be organized as such: we begin first with a discussion of how the individual processes neurologically his relationship to his perceived environment—both social and physical—as framed by Derrida and Merleau-Ponty; next, a discussion emerges centered upon how this relationship is problematized within the con-temporary non-place; finally, the political and social implications of these new structures of perception will be discussed. And in closing, the issues will be placed within an appropriately architectural context.

[rethinking perception + action]To begin to understand this subject/environment relationship that Mer-leau-Ponty and Derrida describe within their discourse, perhaps one should begin with the notions that they oppose. Within philosophical dis-courses, an opposition has emerged predominantly within the empiricists that frame the world as a series of objects that, at times, interact with each other. The individual, or subject, is merely understood as an object among objects. Therefore, we see a distinct opposition of subject/object whereby interaction between the two is purely reactionary. Neurological discourse operates predominantly within this understanding whereby the senses are reactionary. Examples of this can be understood diagram-matically as: seeing a color-->registering that color within the brain-->and apprehending the color; or, hearing the voice-->apprehending its meaning-->and formulating an opinion or response to said meaning. This structure of perception, however does not account for the actual way by which the individual perceives his environment—through social or physical interaction. Merleau-Ponty argues that the relationship of subject/environment is more topological than oppositional. His under-standing places the subject, or individual, within the milieu of objects constantly negotiating his relationship to them, rather than only reacting to them. He understands the body as “part of the perceived world” (171).

[RESTORING THE COLLECTIVE RIGHTS TO THE CITY THROUGH SOCIAL AGENCY]

I began my thesis investigation by formulat-ing a clear understanding of how we, as indi-vidual and collective subjects cognize and utilize space on the architectural and urban scale. Subsequent research and analysis centered upon understanding how this spa-tial cognition is problematized within the spaces of consumption and neo-liberalism. The following exerpt is taken from the early in-vestigation into subjective spatial cognition.


Within his relationship, the interaction becomes fluid and inherently topo-logical whereby the senses synthesize the subject into his or her environ-ment. He asserts, further, that the “body generates space through action” indicating a critical relationship to the environment. Merleau-Ponty refutes reactionary discourses on movement and action through the study of perceptive anomalies observed in neurological study. For example, the commonly observed condition of anasognosio, whereby a subject refuses to accept the loss of an extremity indicates that the subject negotiates a body schema that extends into his or her environment and operates per-ceptually regardless of its physical condition. Furthermore, through the study of concrete movement (“the body projecting towards an object”) and abstract movement (movement initiated out of context), he has dem-onstrated that movement and perception are not necessarily reactionary. Perhaps a more abstracted explanation can be perception through move-ment. Merleau-Ponty observed subjects who could easily perform concrete movements such as reaching out to grab a pen but when asked to per-form abstract movements such as touching one’s own nose, the subjects performed with great difficulty. This exposes, he asserts, synthetic nature of perception and action such that if we merely contemplated an action and then performed it as such, the subjects would not demonstrate such difficulty in performing actions out of context. Furthermore, this perceptual field, a synthesis of our perceptive sensibility, is centered upon the body. It is the body that Merleau-Ponty invests much importance in that it anchors the subject in his environment rather than placing it in opposition to it (and we should remember that the term environment implies social and physical relationships). Therefore, physically, when we see a distant landmark that appears to be at a height of mere inches, we do not have to contem-plate its distance and perform a mental trigonomic calculation of its actual height. We synthetically comprehend perspective and can negotiate a fairly active perception of its actual height. Merleau-Ponty’s formulated these ideas based upon the discourses of Bergson, Marcel, and perhaps most importantly to this discussion, Sartre, who’s ontological dimension of the body describes most efficiently the individuals social, or subject-subject relationships. Sartre describes three ontological dimensions of the body that negotiates within its environment: 1. The Lived Body-whereby the sub-ject exists in his or her body rendering the world an object; 2. The Body for Others-whereby the subject grasps others as objects constituting one’s own subjectivity; and finally, Alienation-whereby the gaze of the other consti-tutes one’s own objectivity in relation said other. The synthesis of this un-derstanding describes a topological relationship of subjectivity. However, for Merleau-Ponty, this describes further a topological relationship of inter-subjectivity, or, an intermingling of subject/object. These discussions of per-ception and action basically formulate the idea of a subject synthetically integrated into his or her physical and social environment instead of being empirically opposed to it. Therefore, he is constantly engaging it as such and, in the process, creating space out of these perceptual conceptions.

In this structural framework, however, we must understand the body as the original source of meaning, an understanding that will be scaffold-ed by Derrida’s discussion of language and its evolution. Furthermore, the erosion of these perceptive faculties within the non-places (of con-sumption) and their social and political implications will be elaborated.

[acquiring meaning through social interaction]Jaques Derrida, within the discourses highlighted in Of Grammatology, dis-cusses how through the evolution and rationalization of language in the writ-ten and spoken form, the ability to formulate and comprehend meaning and passion has been eroded, crippling, to an extent our ability to communicate which is further problematized in the technological advancements that further separate the signifier from the meaning that it signifies. Derrida identifies the voice, at the origin of language as the purest signifier of expression and pas-sion. Therefore, the spoken word signifies not only the meaning intended but the emotional context in which the meaning is intended as well. Furthermore, the ontological state of meaning within a word is in a constant state of be-coming. However, as societies form and advance, expanding spatially, a sup-plement was required to foster communication and the temporal storage of knowledge. This necessitated the formulation of written language (the afore-mentioned supplement). Previously within communication language created a direct relationship as such: spoken word-->meaning. Early written languag-es of the Chinese, Arabic, and Egyptians detailed a somewhat direct connec-tion of character-->meaning. However the emergent phonetic languages of the colonizing West, eager to formulate a supplement that can be widely ap-plicable to its expanding global markets (Derrida’s assertion) further distanced the signifier from the signified as such: written word(signifier)-->phonetic sound(signifier)-->word(signified)-->meaning. This rationalization of the supple-ment had reciprocal effects on the spoken languages of Western countries whereby Derrida mentions several times in Of Grammatology the French lan-guage, and presumably others, struggle to relate the emotion of pure spoken language through the extensive use of accents; however, over time syllables and sounds begin to be left out or slurred through such that the original pas-sion and emotion of the pure vocal is lost. Society is left with the monotonous and a-communicational spoken language that is the result of its amendment to the phonetic written language that marks the bulk of communication...

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Upon, graduation in May, 2011, I was brought on as a project designer in DVA Architecture. Principals Mike Voetgle and Bill Davis started DVA, a relative-ly young firm after branching off from more corporate-oriented architecture firms. As a designer, I was quickly thrown into a various dearth of projects working at all levels: schematic design, design development, construction documents, and construction administration. Working in a small firm has al-lowed me to quickly gain a sense of the comprehensiveness of design. Voet-gle and Davis seek an approach that employs design throughout all phases such that we never put our hypothectical pencils down. I am deeply indebted to DVA for offering me the rare opportunity to engage architecture in such a wholesome manner. It is my intention to utilize the pragmatic skills and knowledge gained through at DVA to enrich my graduate-level education. As such, I hope to return to DVA and close the loop by utilizing a higher educa-tion to further enrich their design principles.

[ p r a c t i c e _ d v a a r c h i t e c t u r e ]

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This design involves a set of contradictory, yet challenging, conditions within which to operate. The client, eager to respectfully modernize--within a tight budget--the Austin vernacular, challenged us to pro-vide a striking, yet regionally contextual formal and spatial strategy for the theater which will anchor the Trails at 620 development just outside of Austin, Texas. Working within these conditions, we sought to develop our design towards highlighting the spatial experience of cinema. Theatres, traditionally an urban event have recently been transformed into passive sub-urban mode of consumption--yeilding insightful spatial strategies to bombastic displays of kitsch. However, DVA has re-engaged this typology, revitalizing its importance to con-temporary sub-urbal condition. Within the increasingly monotonous and alienating lifestyle of the sub-urban, cinemas offer a rare oppor-tunity to see and be seen, as the adage goes. Additional programs such as in-theatre dining and a bar and lounge enriches potential opportunity for social interaction and co-mingling--an experience virtually abolished within suburban lifestyles.

[ g a l a x y c i n e m a s ]

austin, texasDVA Architecture


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rendering by: tietong lu

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rendering by: tietong lu

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graduate portfolio

Documents

c o n t e n t s

t i o nthe

bell d e d i c

r c h i t e c t u r

i o rodney

bell design portfolio

r o d n e y b e

d e s i g n p o r t