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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION

OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Grain Grain Grain Grain mmmmarkets in Kazakhstan, arkets in Kazakhstan, arkets in Kazakhstan, arkets in Kazakhstan,

the Russian Federation and Ukrainethe Russian Federation and Ukrainethe Russian Federation and Ukrainethe Russian Federation and Ukraine

ii

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or EBRD in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO and EBRD.

iii

ForewordForewordForewordForeword

This report was prepared by Dmitry Prikhodko, Economist, Investment Centre Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) with assistance from APK-Inform consulting agency under the FAO/European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) Cooperative Programme for the World Grain Forum 2009 (6 to 7 June 2009, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation). Its main purpose is to provide information on recent market developments, traditional export markets, quality of grains exported, development of export infrastructure, investment needs from public and private sources (port and inland elevators, railways systems, etc.), emergence of agroholdings and other issues pertaining to developments in the grain sector in Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Ukraine – the three most important grain producers in the EBRD region of operation.

The report is largely based on FAO trade estimates kindly provided by Mr Abdolreza Abbassian, Economist, Trade and Markets Division of FAO and FAO and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) trade outlook numbers available at the time of writing in May 2009 (provided in the Annexes section of this report).

iv

Table of Table of Table of Table of ContentsContentsContentsContents

Grain markets in Kazakhstan, i the Russian Federation and Ukraine i Foreword iii Table of Contents iv Acronyms v Introduction: grain production potential 1

Emergence of agroholdings 2 Export infrastructure development 3

Current situation in the grain markets 4 Wheat 4 Barley 6 Maize 7

Recent trends in the Russian Federation 10 Recent trends in Kazakhstan 15 Recent trends in Ukraine 18 Annexes 24

v

Acronyms Acronyms Acronyms Acronyms CIS Commonwealth of Independent States EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EU European Union fob free on board GDP gross domestic product MY marketing year OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

1

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction: g: g: g: grain rain rain rain pppproduction roduction roduction roduction ppppotential otential otential otential

Sharp increases in agricultural commodity prices resulted in increased investment in primary agricultural production in 2006 to 2008 and fuelled discussions on the agricultural potential of different countries. In particular, this issue was debated during the high-level conference convened by FAO and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) on 10 March 2008 in London.1

The grain sector is the backbone of agricultural economies in Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation

and Ukraine, the main agricultural producers among countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In 2008, these three countries, which are often referred as to the Black Sea grain exporters, accounted for 15 percent of global wheat production; their share in wheat trade is forecast to reach a record high of 26 percent in the current marketing year (July 2008 to June 2009), leaving the United States, the European Union (EU) and other traditional exporters behind.

Compared with other countries, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Ukraine have significant production potential, which can be realized without causing major harm to the environment.

Areas: Farmers is these three countries have excluded 24 million ha of land from cultivation since the transition period began in the early 1990s (see following Table). Approximately 13 million ha of

this land could be returned to production, at no major environmental cost. There are no policy measures restricting the return of this land to production.

Arable land use worldwide (million ha)

Change Country/region

1990-91*

average

2006-07

average hectares %

Argentina 26 32 6 21%

Australia 47 46 -1 -2%

Brazil 51 60 8 16%

Canada 46 45 0 -1%

China 124 140 16 13%

India 163 159 -4 -2%

Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Ukraine 200 177 -24 -12%

United States of America 186 170 -15 -8%

European Union 110 109 -1 -1%

World 1 404 1 411 8 1%

Source: FAOStat.

Yields: Since the early 1990s, world average grain yields have risen by 20 percent (see following Table), or approximately 1.4 percent per annum, with Brazil showing the highest annual growth at 3.5 percent. During the same period, yields in the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan increased only marginally, while the average grain yield in Ukraine decreased.

1 See background materials at www.fao.org/tc/tci/pubs/faoebrd.pdf.

2

Cereal yields in major producing countries (tonnes/ha)

Change

1992-93 2006-07 t/ha %

Argentina 3,0 4,0 1 35%

Australia 1,9 1,1 -1 -43%

Brazil 2,2 3,4 1 50%

Canada 2,6 3,0 0 18%

China 4,5 5,4 1 20%

India 2,1 2,5 0 21%

Kazakhstan 1,2 1,2 0 7%

Russian Federation 1,7 1,9 0 11%

Ukraine 3,1 2,2 -1 -27%

United States of America 4,8 6,5 2 35%

European Union 4,0 4,7 1 17%

World 2,8 3,3 1 20%

Source: FAOStat.

The maximum potential grain production of these countries can reach, and in good years exceed, 230 million tonnes, assuming that all existing constraints limiting land use and yield improvements are removed, and implying that world markets can absorb large exportable surpluses at sustained prices.

This potential can be realized if cereals remain profitable for farmers and stimulate needed investment in the modern technologies. Real production and export figures depend on many factors, including the extent of actual yield improvements; cereals’ competition for land with oilseeds and other crops; the presence of a supportive institutional and regulatory environment; research, knowledge and human capital development; and strengthening of credit systems and financial instruments. Massive investment will be needed in handling, storage and transportation infrastructure, and financial resources will have to be mobilized from both the public and the private sectors.

Emergence of agroholdingsEmergence of agroholdingsEmergence of agroholdingsEmergence of agroholdings

A recent feature of the grain sectors in Former Soviet Union countries is the creation of large corporate farms (called agroholdings in CIS). These farms often cover above 100 000 ha (see following Table) of agricultural land and are vertically integrated with processors or exporters. Some of these farms in CIS have managed to attract financing through the placement of stocks on leading European stock exchanges, and borrowing from private investors or EBRD.

Agroholdings in the Russian Federation and Ukraine

Russian

Federation Ukraine

Number of Agroholdings 196 33

Total cultivated areas, mln ha 11,5 4,79

The average size of agriholding, 1,000 ha 70 115

Source: APK-Inform and other consulting agencies.

3

Today, the land banks2 of some companies exceed 500 000 ha. These companies have been able to bring much-needed investment into agriculture and have significant market power. For example, agroholdings now account for 60 percent of plant protection chemical markets, 50 percent of imported tractors, 60 percent of imported combine harvesters, and 40 percent of traction-type equipment.

The ongoing financial crisis and decreased grain prices have had a significant effect on the development of agroholdings, some of which are reported to have defaulted on their loans.3 This may call for increased public expenditures in agriculture.

Export infrastructure developmentExport infrastructure developmentExport infrastructure developmentExport infrastructure development

Rapid development of grain export market infrastructure (port elevators, inland transport, etc.) and close proximity to grain importers in the Near East and North Africa also contribute to the region’s competitive advantage (see following Figure).Port terminals in the Azov and Black Sea region, including Danube ports in Ukraine and Volga-Don ports in the Russian Federation, have a combined capacity for storing more than 2.7 million tonnes of grain and exporting 43 million tonnes of

grain per year.

Grain export terminals in the Azov and Black Sea region

Source: Agri Dossier of the Russian Federation, APK Inform.

2 Agricultural landholdings under the operation of one company. 3 According to a presentation on Investment attractiveness of companies of the grain complex, at the Eighth International Conference Grain Forum and Grain Industry – 2009, in Yalta, Ukraine, 20 to 22 May 2009.

4

CurrentCurrentCurrentCurrent situation in the grain markesituation in the grain markesituation in the grain markesituation in the grain markettttssss

WheatWheatWheatWheat

The current marketing year (MY) 2008/2009 was marked by record high grain production in the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The rapid growth of food prices in 2007 and the first half of 2008 resulted in a substantial increase in grain area, which in combination with favourable weather made these record-high crops possible. Although 2008’s wheat production in Kazakhstan was not a record one, the increase in wheat production in the Russian Federation and Ukraine allowed the three countries to increase their share in world wheat production substantially.

Country 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

1 European Union 118 120 150

2 China Total 108 109 113

3 Ukraine, Russian Fed, Kazakhstan 72 80 104

4 India 69 76 78

5 USA 49 56 68

6 Canada 25 20 29

7 Pakistan 21 23 22

8 Australia 11 13 21

9 Turkey 20 17 18

10 Iran 15 15 10

11 Argentina 15 16 8

12 Egypt 8 7 8

13 Uzbekistan 6 6 6

14 Brazil 2 4 6

15 Mexico 3 4 4

Others 57 43 43

World 602 610 688

Source: FAO

World production of wheat, mln tonnes

Main countries-producers of wheat in 2008/09*

Others 25%

India 11%

Ukraine,

Russian

Fed,

Kazakhsta

n 15%

USA 10%

China Total

16%

European

Union 22%

According to FAO data, the three countries’ cumulative share in world wheat production increased to 15 percent (104 million tonnes) in 2008, compared with 13 percent (80 million tonnes) in 2007

World supply and demand balances of wheat

mln. t

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*

Beginning stocks 179 161 151

Production 602 610 688

Imports 112 111 120

Total supply 893 883 960 Including Russia, Ukraine and

Kazakhstan86,9 89,6 111,9

Domestic consumption: 622 618 646

Exports 110 113 120 Including Russia, Ukraine and


Total use 732 731 766

Ending stocks 161 151 194

Stocks to use ratio 22% 21% 25%

* Forecast

Positions of Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan on the world

wheat market

25,9%

11,7%9,7% 10,2%

19,0%20,3%

0,0%

5,0%

10,0%

15,0%

20,0%

25,0%

30,0%

35,0%

40,0%

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*

share in supply share in exports

In spite of stiff competition from the leading world exporters, the United States, the EU and Australia (which returned to the world market after an absence of two years), exports of wheat from the Black Sea region have set new records in the current marketing year.

5

In addition to bumper crops, the following factors facilitated export growth:

• drop in rates of freight (Baltic Ranamax Index dropped by 90 percent);

• increase in demand for feed wheat, of 30 percent;

• re-emergence of large wheat importers: the Islamic Republic of Iran, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea;

• decreased exports of wheat from the United States;

• devaluation of national currencies in the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.

The share of the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Kazakhstan in wheat exports is expected to increase to 26 percent (31 million tonnes) in 2008/2009. The grain supply from the Black Sea region has led to a reduced share for United States wheat exports, which decreased from more than 30 percent of the world total in 2007/2008, to 21 percent for this MY. According to FAO estimates, world wheat exports for this season will reach 119 million tonnes, up from 112 million tonnes for the previous MY.

Country 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*


2 USA 25 34 25


4 Canada 19 16 18

5 Australia 11 8 12

6 Argentina 11 9 5

7 Pakistan 1 2 2

8 Turkey 2 1 1

9 Mexico 1 1 1

10 Uruguay 0 0 1

11 Untd Arab Em 1 1 1


13 India 0 1 1

14 Yugoslavia 0 0 0

15 Japan 0 0 0

Другие 6 4 2

Весь Мир 114 112 119

* Forecast

Source: FAO

World exports of wheat, mln tonnes

Main countries-exporters of wheat in 2008/09*

Ukraine,

Russian

Fed,

Kazakhsta

n 26%

USA 21%

Australia

10%

European

Union 17%

Canada

15%

Others 12%

Country 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*

1 Egypt 7,0 7,6 7,7

2 European Union 5,9 6,7 6,8

3 Brazil 7,6 6,8 6,0

4 Iran 0,9 0,2 5,6

5 Indonesia 5,4 5,2 5,5

6 Japan 5,6 5,5 5,4

7 Algeria 4,5 5,1 4,4

8 Korea Rep 3,3 3,0 4,2

9 Iraq 3,0 3,6 3,8

10 Mexico 3,6 3,1 3,6

11 Morocco 1,8 4,1 3,4

12 Nigeria 3,3 3,2 3,2

13 Philippines 2,8 2,4 2,5

14 Pakistan 0,1 1,5 2,5

15 Yemen 2,2 2,2 2,4

Others 54,3 50,8 52,5

World 111 111 120

* Forecast

Source: FAO

Main countries-importers of wheat in 2008/09*

World imports of wheat, mln tonnes

Others 74%

Iran 5%

Brazil 5%

Indonesia

5%

European

Union 6%Egypt 6%

6

For MY 2008/2009, the list of main wheat importers has not changed. Egypt, the world’s leading importer, is expected to import nearly 8 million tonnes of wheat this marketing year, according to FAO estimations. The EU and Brazil follow, with imports of 7 and 6 million tonnes respectively.

Exports of wheat from the Russian Federation and Ukraine to the EU are expected to reach 4 million

tonnes this MY, compared with 1.5 million tonnes in 2007/2008 – the year Ukraine applied grain export restrictions. For the same period, there were also considerable increases in wheat exports to North Africa (from 4.8 to 7 million tonnes) and the Near East (from 2.6 to 6 million tonnes).

Along with wheat production, substantial increases of barley and maize production have been

observed in countries of the Black Sea region in 2008/2009. These crops contribute considerably to the region’s grain export potential.

BarleyBarleyBarleyBarley

According to FAO estimates, world barley production in 2008 increased by 16 percent, to 156 million tonnes. The Russian Federation produced 23 million tonnes of barley in 2008, compared with 16 million tonnes in 2007; production in Ukraine doubled to reach 12.6 million tonnes during the same period. Increased barley production in the two countries was more than sufficient to offset reduced output in Kazakhstan in 2008. The share of the Black Sea region in world barley production increased to 24 percent in 2008.

Country 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09



3 Canada 10 11 12

4 Australia 4 6 7

5 Turkey 10 7 6

6 USA 4 5 5

7 China Total 4 4 3

8 Belarus 2 2 2

9 Iran 3 3 2

10 Argentina 1 1 2

11 Ethiopia 1 2 2

12 Algeria 1 1 1

13 Morocco 3 1 1

14 India 1 1 1

15 Central America & Carr. 1 1 1

Others 10 8 7

World 140 135 156

Source: FAO

World production of barley, mln tonnes

Main countries-producers of barley in 2008/09*

European

Union 42%

Ukraine,

Russian

Fed,

Kazakhsta

n 24%

Canada 8%

Others 83%

In 2008/2009, the Black Sea region was the main supplier of barley for exports (see following Figures), with the EU and Australia lagging far behind. The consolidated share of the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Kazakhstan in world barley exports exceeded 40 percent in 2008/2009, rising from only 17 percent in 2007/2008.

7

World supply and demand balances of barley

mln. t

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*



Imports 15 15 19

Total supply 189 178 203 Including Russia, Ukraine and



Exports 16 16 20 Including Russia, Ukraine and


Total use 161 149 171



* Forecast

Positions of Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan on the world

barley market

44,2%

15,2%17,8% 19,7%

43,1%

17,4%

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

50,0%

60,0%

70,0%

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*


Main countries-exporters of barley in MY

2008/2009

Other 16%

Australia

18%

European

Union 24%

Ukraine,

Russian

Fed,

Kazakhst

an 43%

In 2008/2009, more than 6 million tonnes of barley from the Black Sea was supplied to Near East countries, up from 1.6 million tonnes for MY 2007/2008. About 1 million tonnes was exported to countries in the EU and North Africa.

MaizeMaizeMaizeMaize

Country 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

1 USA 268 332 307



4 Brazil 43 52 59

5 Mexico 22 23 24

6 Argentina 14 22 22

7 India 15 19 20

8 Ukraine, Russian Fed 10 10 18

9 Indonesia 12 13 16

10 Canada 9 12 11

11 Nigeria 7 7 8

12 Philippines 6 7 7

13 Egypt 7 7 7

14 Serbia 6 4 6

15 Ethiopia 4 4 5

Others 86 74 82

World 705 786 819

Source: FAO

World production of maize, mln tonnes

Main countries-producers of maize in 2008/09*

Others 22%

USA 38%

China Total

20%

Mexico 3%

European

Union 8%

Brazil 7%

Ukraine,

Russian

Fed 2%

8

World maize production in 2008 increased to 819 million tonnes. At the same time, maize production in the United States – the world’s leading producer and exporter – decreased from 332 to 307 million tonnes.

World supply and demand balances of maize

mln. t

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*



Imports 89 104 83

Total supply 928 1 014 1 042 Including Russia and Ukraine 12,0 11,5 19,6


Exports 82 100 80 Including Russia and Ukraine 1 2 6

Total use 804 873 873



* Forecast

Positions of Russia and Ukraine on the world maize market

6,9%

1,9%

1,3%1,1%

1,6%1,5%

0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

7,0%

8,0%

9,0%

10,0%

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*


Lower domestic production resulted in lower exports from the United States, which supplies more than 60 percent of world exports in a normal year. This allowed the Black Sea region to increase its export market share to 7 percent in MY 2008/2009.

Country 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

1 USA 56,0 62,4 45,0

2 Argentina 13,4 14,8 12,6

3 Brazil 5,9 10,7 9,4

4 Ukraine, Russian Fed 1,2 1,7 5,5

5 South Africa 0,5 0,6 2,0


7 Paraguay 0,5 1,3 1,2

8 Serbia 0,9 0,3 1,2

9 India 0,2 2,0 0,6

10 Thailand 0,3 0,5 0,5

11 Indonesia 0,1 0,2 0,5

12 China Total 4,5 1,4 0,4

13 Myanmar 0,3 0,4 0,4

14 Canada 0,3 0,7 0,3

15 Uganda 0,4 0,4 0,3

Others 3 2 1

World 88 101 82

Source: FAO

Country 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09

1 Japan 16,6 16,6 16,4

2 Mexico 8,9 9,4 8,8

3 Korea Rep 9,0 9,2 6,9

4 China Total 4,4 4,5 4,4

5 Egypt 4,8 4,3 4,1


7 Colombia 3,4 3,1 2,8

8 Malaysia 2,6 2,5 2,6

9 Iran 2,0 2,5 2,5

10 Canada 2,0 2,6 2,2

11 Algeria 2,4 2,2 2,2

12 Syria 1,7 2,0 2,0

13 Saudi Arabia 1,4 2,0 1,9

14 Morocco 1,6 1,9 1,6

15 Chile 1,7 1,8 1,4

Others 22 23 20

World 90 102 83

Source: FAO

World exports of maize, mln tonnes

Main countries-exporters of maize in 2008/09*

World imports of maize, mln tonnes

Main countries-importers of maize in 2008/09*

Ukraine,

Russian

Fed 7%

Brazil 11%

Others 12%

Argentina

15%

USA 55%

Others 47%

Japan 20%

Mexico

11%

Egypt 5%

Korea Rep

8%

China Total

5%European

Union 4%

9

North African and Near Eastern countries are the main importers of maize from the Black Sea region. Approximately 2 million tonnes of maize has already been supplied to North Africa this season, and 1.5 million tonnes to the Near East.

10

Recent trends in the Recent trends in the Recent trends in the Recent trends in the Russian FederationRussian FederationRussian FederationRussian Federation

Russian Federation: a snapshot of the grain sector

• Russian Federation has 1709.8 million ha of land; however, only a fourth of the country’s land can be used for agriculture due to its harsh climate;

• Cereals production is concentrated mostly in the four regions: Volga district, South, Siberian and Central districts;

• According to All-The Russian Federation agricultural census (2006) there are 58.5 thousand agricultural organizations (agricultural companies), this category of land-users uses 307,5 million ha of agricultural land;

• There were 281.8 thousand farming enterprises and private entrepreneurs, they possess 28.3 million ha of land;

• The main players in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation are the agroholdings;

• There are about 1200 elevators and grain receiving stations/points with the total capacity of about 80 million tons;

• Port infrastructure (Azov abd Black Sea) is capable to store simultaneously up to 1.1 million tons and transship up to 20 million tons of grain annually;

• The Russian Federation ports will likely increase capacity to handle 28 million tons of grain for exports by 2015 year;

• As little as 1/4th of total cereals production is transported by the railway;

• Grain transportation by rail is expected to increase from 26 million tons (2008) up to 32 million tons in 2015;

• The fleet of grain wagons is 34.6 thousand cars, of which 22 thousand are operated by JSC «Rusagrotrans»;

• 35.9% of total fleet of grain wagons is expected to be written-off by 2013 for age and other reasons.

As a result of larger areas planted and higher yields, grain production in the Russian Federation increased from 82 million tonnes in 2007 to 108 million tonnes in 2008 – the highest recorded throughout the history of the Russian Federation. Wheat production totalled about 64 million tonnes, compared with 49 million tonnes in 2007.

.

Dynamics of production of grains and leguminous plants in Russia

43,8 43,4 44,4 46,7 46,3

78,2 78,6 81,6

108,1

87,618,5 18,9

19,8

23,8

20,0

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

140,0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Sown area, mln ha Production, mln tonnes Yield, c/ha

Source: FAO-OECD.

11

Supply and demand balances of wheat in Russia

mln. t

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*

Beginning stocks 6,6 4,7 4,8

Production 45,0 49,4 63,7

Imports 0,8 0,3 0,1

Total supply 52,4 54,5 68,7

Domestic consumption: 37,3 38,1 38,8

Exports 10,4 11,6 17,0

Total use 47,6 49,7 55,8

Ending stocks 4,7 4,8 12,9


* Forecast

The bumper wheat crop of 2008 allowed the Russian Federation to increase its grain exports to record levels in MY 2008/2009. From July 2008 to March 2009, the country exported about 15 million tonnes of wheat, of which 13.8 million tonnes was of milling quality and about 600 000 tonnes feed wheat.

No countryvolume,

tonnesshare

1 Egypt 3 662 202 25%

2 Turkey 1 790 484 12%

3 Pakistan 1 467 531 10%

4 Azerbaijan 1 154 996 8%

5 Syria 605 786 4%

6 Iran 548 043 4%

7 Jordan 496 127 3%

8 Bangladesh 459 269 3%

9 Yemen 426 985 3%

10 Libya 398 873 3%

11 Tunisia 327 037 2%

12 Armenia 283 927 2%

13 Israel 281 665 2%

14 Georgia 256 843 2%

15 Lebanon 216 683 1%

others 2 257 550 15%

total 14 634 000 100%

* data for 9 months of 2008/09

Exports of wheat from the Russian Federation in 2008/09 (Jul-Jun)*

Main importers of Russian wheat in 2008/09 (Jul-

Jun)

Egypt;

25%

Turkey;

12%

Pakistan;

10%

others;

45%

Azerbaijan

; 8%

Source: APK-Inform

As shown in the Table above, Egypt, Turkey, Pakistan, Azerbaijan and the Syrian Arab Republic have been the main importers of Russian wheat this marketing year. The Russian Federation exported about 5 million tonnes of wheat to the Near East, 4.7 million tonnes to North Africa, and 388 000 tonnes to the EU. It is expected that the Russian Federation will have exported 17 million tonnes of wheat by the end of MY 2008/2009.

12

The following factors influenced price developments in the Russian wheat market in MY

2008/2009:

- record high production;

- increased world wheat production and growing competition;

- logistics issues (the insufficient number of wagons for railway transport, and the reduction of transit via Ukraine due to Ukraine’s own exports);

- competition from Ukraine (which also had a record high crop);

- intervention purchases;

- currency devaluation against the United States dollar;

- expansion of the area to which wheat was exported, due to reduced freight rates.

Dynamics of prices for grains in Russia (supply, EXW), RUR/t

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

4 500

5 000

5 500

6 000

6 500

7 000

7 500

8 000

8 500

9 000

9 500

Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Jan-08 Mar-08 May-08 Jul-08 Sep-08 Nov-08 Jan-09 Mar-09 May-09

wheat 3 cl. wheat 4 cl. feed wheat

Source: APK-Inform

Official exchange rate RUR/USD: 23,7 (1 June 2008); 36.1 (20 February 2009)

In the lead up to and during the 2008 wheat harvest, expectations of an abundant supply due to the record high production resulted in sharp price decreases between May and November 2008, for both milling and feed-quality wheat (see Figure above). Prices for feed wheat were also influenced by significant supplies of barley and maize, and earlier expectations for increased domestic feed use did not materialize. This led to a growth of the price spread between third-class and feed wheat, which ranged from Rub 600 to 700 to Rub 2 000 per tonne.

The domestic livestock and poultry industries were not able to adsorb the increased supplies of feed grains, so federal government stepped in with increased intervention purchases. According to available information, public expenditures on agriculture in the Russian Federation for the first quarter of 2009 increased to US$4.2 billion from the federal budget and US$4.1 billion from local budgets, compared with US$3.2 billion and US$3.5 billion, respectively.

13

Increased intervention purchases (see following Table) provided some price support, but market players claimed that 7 million tonnes of wheat purchased was insufficient and that more intervention was needed.

Volume of grain procured by the Russian Federation intervention fund: 1 000 tonnes.

Product 2008/2009 2007/2008

Wheat third-grade 2 658 1 257

Wheat fourth-grade 2 736 152

Rye group A 328 46

Wheat fifth-grade 2 145 -

Feed barley 1 461 -

Maize third-grade 300 -

Total 9 627 1 451

Source: APK-Inform based on official sources

International wheat prices (see following Figure) also decreased significantly between May and November 2008; Russian wheat prices therefore reflected world trends.

Dynamics of world prices for milling wheat (US$/t, FOB)

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

04.0

1.2

00

8

04.0

2.2

00

8

04.0

3.2

00

8

04.0

4.2

00

8

04.0

5.2

00

8

04.0

6.2

00

8

04.0

7.2

00

8

04.0

8.2

00

8

04.0

9.2

00

8

04.1

0.2

00

8

04.1

1.2

00

8

04.1

2.2

00

8

04.0

1.2

00

9

04.0

2.2

00

9

04.0

3.2

00

9

04.0

4.2

00

9

04.0

5.2

00

9

Russia Ukraine France US (SRW, Gulf) Argentina

Source: APK-Inform

The Russian Federation will likely reach the next MY 2009/2010 with substantial carry-over wheat stocks of about 13 million tonnes, but production is expected to be lower in 2010, owing to lower yields. Significant State intervention (especially for third- and fourth-class wheat) creates a safety

14

net for farmers to continue wheat production. The total area planted to wheat is therefore not expected to decrease significantly in 2010. The area for winter wheat (planted in autumn 2008 to be harvested in 2009) increased to 13.8 million ha, from 12.7 million ha the previous year. The Russian Federation is therefore likely to produce 55 to 60 million tonnes of wheat in 2009, if weather patterns are normal. Large carry-over stocks, including intervention purchases, coupled with relatively high production will provide good supplies of wheat in 2009/2010, allowing about 20

million tonnes for exports.

To improve wheat exports, the Government of the Russian Federation has created the United Grain

Company, which will be involved in increasing purchases and sales of grain on the domestic market, exports, modernization, and the construction of new elevators and port terminals.

15

Recent trends in KazakhstanRecent trends in KazakhstanRecent trends in KazakhstanRecent trends in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan: a snapshot of the grain sector

• Kazakhstan has agricultural land of 222.6 million ha, of which 24 million ha (10.8 percent) is

arable, 5 million ha (2.2 percent) produces hay, and 189 million ha (85 percent) is pasture.

• The rural population of 7.3 million people represents 47.2 percent of the country’s total.

• There are vast differences in climatic and soil conditions: forest steppe and steppe cover 10

percent of the total land area: semi-desert and desert about 60 percent; and mountain regions about 5

percent.

• Annual precipitation is a low 150 to 320 mm throughout the country.

• Grain crop cultivation is concentrated in northern regions.

• 70 percent of the agricultural equipment currently in use was manufactured before 1991.

• The Caspian sea is the only sea port, which makes grain exports difficult.

• Grain terminals are being constructed at the ports of Aktau (Kazakhstan), Baku (Azerbaijan)

and Amirabad (Islamic Republic of Iran.

• The government is considering the construction of a new railway from Kazakhstan through

Turkmenistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran to ports on the Indian Ocean.

• Construction of a railway and a grain terminal near the border with China is expected to start in

2011.

• There is a significant shortage of railway wagons for grain transportation given the long

transportation routes to Ukrainian or Baltic ports through the Russian Federation.

• Kazakhstan is the world’s largest flour exporter, with exports of 1.5 million tonnes in

2006/2007 and 1.7 million tonnes in 2007/2008.

Dynamics of production of grains and leguminous plants in Kazakhstan

14,115,2

13,8

20,1

16,2 16,613,8

15,616,5 17,2

10,0

11,7

13,3

10,1 10,2

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (прогноз)


Source: FAO-OECD.

16

In 2008, grain production in Kazakhstan was 15.6 million tonnes, of which 13 million tonnes was wheat. In contrast to the Russian Federation and Ukraine, Kazakhstan had an average production year in 2008, but wheat quality improved over the previous year. According to official sources, 90 percent of the wheat produced in 2008 conformed to milling quality specifications, compared with about 73 percent in 2007. This production allows Kazakhstan to export about 4 million tonnes of grain, of which 3.4 million tonnes is wheat.

In MY 2008/2009, the main markets for Kazakhstan were countries in Central Asia and the Caspian Sea region. This is because the main export terminals at ports on the Black and Baltic Seas handle Ukrainian and Russian grain. The high prices of Kazakhstan wheat limited the demand, even from traditional buyers such as Turkey.

At the same time, the demand for Kazakhstan grain and flour in Central Asian countries, Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran increased, owing to its high quality. According to official data, Kazakhstan exported 2.1 million tonnes of wheat between July 2008 and March 2009.

No countryvolume,

tonnesshare

1 Afghanistan 410 572 20%

2 Turkmenistan 406 164 19%

3 Iran 290 896 14%

4 Kyrgyzstan 274 873 13%

5 Tajikistan 224 776 11%

6 Uzbekistan 168 348 8%

7 Azerbaijan 105 622 5%

8 Russia 83 890 4%

9 Norway 33 401 2%

10 UK 30 300 1%

11 Turkey 22 278 1%

12 Finland 8 500 0%

13 Poland 7 901 0%

14 Georgia 6 708 0%

15 Belarus 5 000 0%

others 10 268 0%

total 2 089 497 100%


Exports of wheat from Kazakhstan in 2008/09 (Jul-Jun)*

Main importers of Kazakh wheat in 2008/09 (Jul-Jun)

others

23%

Kyrgyzstan

13%

Tajikistan

11%

Iran

14%

Turkmenista

n

19%

Afghanistan

20%


Kazakhstan wheat flour producers compete successfully with domestic flour millers in the Central Asian region and Afghanistan.

Kazakhstan produces high-protein wheat: wheat with a protein content of 12 to 14 percent accounts for an average of 35 to 40 percent of total production; and wheat with a protein content exceeding 14 percent accounts for about 50 to 54 percent. This high quality makes the wheat suitable for pasta production or blending with lower-quality soft winter wheat for bakery grades of flour.

17

Average protein content in samples of Kazakh wheat, as percentages (2006 to 2008)

6,8

21,6

18,917,6

28,4

6,7

Protein content 10-12% Protein content 13-14%




The demand for high-quality wheat is limited, and competition in this segment is high. High-quality wheat is usually in good demand when prices are high, but when wheat prices are falling Kazakhstan wheat seems to loose markets to wheat from the Russian Federation and Ukraine.

Kazakhstan, export prices for grains (supply, DAF, European part of Russia, USD/t)

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Oct-06 Jan-07 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09

wheat 3 cl. wheat 4 cl. Source: APK-Inform

In 2008/2009, Kazakhstan wheat market prices were relatively high owing to the high quality and to

the Food Contract Corporation’s purchase of 1 million tonnes. Expectations of increased wheat

exports towards the end of the export season were not realized, as the ports were busy loading grain

from Ukraine and the Russian Federation, but the country exported 5.6 million tonnes of wheat in

from July 2008 to March 2009, compared with only 2.1 million tonnes during the same period of the

previous year. Currently, Kazakhstan wheat prices are showing a downwards trend.

According to forecasts by Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Agriculture, the area under cereals will total 16.6 million ha in 2009 (400 000 ha or 3 percent more than in 2008), while grain production is expected to increase by 10 percent.

18

Recent trends in Ukraine Recent trends in Ukraine Recent trends in Ukraine Recent trends in Ukraine

Ukraine: a snapshot of the grain sector

• Ukraine has 42.9 million ha of agricultural land, representing 71 percent of the total land area.

• At 32.4 million ha, the arable area exceeds that of France and Germany combined.

• There is a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land (which is extended every year). The current moratorium is valid until 1 January 2010.

• The agro-industry contributes 14 to 16 percent of Ukraine’s gross domestic product (GDP).

• There are 5.6 million employees involved in agriculture (19.9 percent of the workforce.

• There are more than 700 certificated grain storages, with total capacity of 29.5 million tonnes.

• Elevators account for more than 40 percent of total grain storage capacity; the remainder is in flat storage.

• The port terminals of Azov and the Black Sea region, including the Danube ports, have capacity to store more than 1.6 million tonnes of grain and to export more than 26 million tonnes a year.

• Black Sea ports are ice-free, while Azov ports in both Ukraine and the Russian Federation are subject to icing in winter.

• Rail transport is the main way of delivering grain to Ukraine’s ports, accounting for 70 percent of the total grain delivery to ports.

• There are about 13 000 wagons.

Dynamics of production of grains and leguminous plants in Ukraine

15,2 14,5 15,1 15,6 15,4

38,034,3

29,3

50,1

40,0

26,024,1

21,8

34,4

27,4

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (прогноз)


Source: FAO-OECD

In 2008, grain production in Ukraine was about 50 million tonnes, double that of 2007. This was a record harvest in the country’s history. According to FAO estimates, the wheat harvest was 24.5 million tonnes, compared with 14 million tonnes in 2007. Barley production was 12.3 million tonnes, and maize production more than 10 million tonnes, compared with 7.4 million tonnes in 2007.

19

According to the State Grain Inspectorate, the quality of wheat harvested in 2008 was:

• milling wheat with high protein content of at least 13 to 15 percent: 1.2 percent;

• milling wheat with protein content of at 11 to 12 percent: 34 percent;

• feed wheat: 64.4 percent.

The main causes of the low quality of wheat produced in 2008 were poor weather at harvest, high grain moisture, bug damage (affecting 3 to 10 percent of wheat) and a shortage of harvesting equipment.

Dynamics of prices for grains in Ukraine (supply, EXW), UAH/t

500

650

800

950

1 100

1 250

1 400

1 550

1 700

1 850

Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Jan-08 Mar-08 May-08 Jul-08 Sep-08 Nov-08 Jan-09 Mar-09 May-09

wheat 3 cl. wheat 4 cl. feed wheat feed barley feed corn

Source: APK-Inform *Official UAH/USD exchange rate: 4.85 (1 June 2008); 8.06 (20 February 2009); 7.62 (20 May 2009)

Prices on the Ukrainian grain market evolved in a similar way to those in the Russian Federation, with the following main features:

- a record high crop, increasing the supply;

- increased world grain production and increased competition;

- low quality of the wheat;

- competition from the Russian Federation;

- State price support and purchases by the Agrarian Fund;

- currency devaluation against the United States dollar;

- expansion of the area to which wheat was exported, due to reduced freight rates.

The Government of Ukraine increased its grain purchases to control the drop in grain prices. According to available information, 1.2 million tonnes of grain was purchased by the State Agrarian Fund in MY 2008/2009 (see following Table).

20

Ukraine: State grain purchases (thousand tonnes)

2008/2009 2007/2008

Purchased grains 1 237 580

Source: APK-Inform based on official sources.

Ukriane’s wheat prices closely reflect international prices. Feed grain prices decreased from July 2008 to February 2009 (see following Figure) and then recovered slightly in February to May 2009 owing to strong export demand and the weak Ukrainian currency.

Dynamics of world prices for feed wheat (US$/t, FOB)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

04.0

1.2

00

8

04.0

2.2

00

8

04.0

3.2

00

8

04.0

4.2

00

8

04.0

5.2

00

8

04.0

6.2

00

8

04.0

7.2

00

8

04.0

8.2

00

8

04.0

9.2

00

8

04.1

0.2

00

8

04.1

1.2

00

8

04.1

2.2

00

8

04.0

1.2

00

9

04.0

2.2

00

9

04.0

3.2

00

9

04.0

4.2

00

9

04.0

5.2

00

9

Russia Ukraine Canada (WCE) UK

Source: APK-Inform.

Supply and demand balances of wheat in Ukraine

mln. t

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*

Beginning stocks 3,0 1,8 2,3

Production 13,9 13,9 24,9

Imports 0,1 0,2 0,2

Total supply 17,0 15,9 27,4

Domestic consumption: 11,8 12,5 13,1

Exports 3,3 0,9 11,5

Total use 15,1 13,4 24,6

Ending stocks 1,9 2,5 2,8


* Forecast

In MY 2008/2009 Ukraine substantially increased its exports of wheat owing to high domestic production. Following disputes with Egypt regarding wheat quality early in the export season, Ukrainian wheat later returned to the Asian markets because of the low freight cost.

21

According to customs statistics, Ukraine exported 10.8 million tonnes of wheat from July 2008 to April 2009. Exports of milling wheat (with a protein content of more than 10 percent) totalled 4.2 million tonnes, with the remaining 6.5 million tonnes being feed-quality wheat.

No countryvolume,

tonnesshare

1 Spain 2 441 375 23%

2 Bangladesh 1 045 068 10%

3 Egypt 1 027 242 10%

4 Philippines 953 853 9%

5 South Korea 952 859 9%

6 Israel 748 582 7%

7 Tunisia 325 748 3%

8 Italy 303 188 3%

9 Jordan 252 755 2%

10 Portuigal 209 665 2%

11 Libya 204 491 2%

12 Pakistan 200 549 2%

13 Ira 191 793 2%

14 Kenya 174 823 2%

15 Netherlands 161 757 2%

Others 1 576 322 15%Total 10 770 071 100%

Exports of wheat from Ukraine in 2008/09 (Jul-Jun)*

Main importers of Ukrainian wheat in 2008/09

(Jul-Jun)


Others

39%

Egypt

10%Philippine

s

9%

South

Korea

9%

Banglade

sh

10%

Spain

23%


The feed industries in Spain, Italy and Portugal are traditional buyers of Ukrainian feed wheat, with Spain being the main buyer at 2.4 million tonnes. Egypt imported more than 1 million tonnes of feed grain from Ukraine, mostly through State operators purchasing at the beginning of season.

Ukraine is also one of world’s largest exporters of barley. High demand for feed grain and low prices in Ukraine facilitated barley exports in 2008/2009.

Dynamics of world prices for feed barley (US$/t, FOB)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

22

.12

.20

06

22

.01

.20

07

22

.02

.20

07

22

.03

.20

07

22

.04

.20

07

22

.05

.20

07

22

.06

.20

07

22

.07

.20

07

22

.08

.20

07

22

.09

.20

07

22

.10

.20

07

22

.11

.20

07

22

.12

.20

07

22

.01

.20

08

22

.02

.20

08

22

.03

.20

08

22

.04

.20

08

22

.05

.20

08

22

.06

.20

08

22

.07

.20

08

22

.08

.20

08

22

.09

.20

08

22

.10

.20

08

22

.11

.20

08

22

.12

.20

08

22

.01

.20

09

22

.02

.20

09

22

.03

.20

09

22

.04

.20

09

Russia Ukraine France

Source: APK-Inform

22

According to official data, Ukraine exported 5.8 million tonnes of barley from July 2008 to March 2009. The country is likely to have exported about 6.1 million tonnes of barley at the end of the export season in June. Thus, MY 2008/2009 is going to become a record high for barley exports from Ukraine.

No countryvolume,

tonnesshare

1 Saudi Arabia 2 223 055 38%2 Iran 1 101 012 19%3 Syria 824 523 14%

4 Jordan 312 232 5%5 Israel 221 972 4%

6 Cyprus 120 959 2%7 Kuwait 119 385 2%

8 Libya 108 883 2%9 Tunisia 104 658 2%10 Quatar 97 934 2%

11 UAE 83 874 1%12 Algeria 76 768 1%

13 Switzerland 51 099 1%14 Morocco 48 072 1%

15 UK 43 727 1%Others 245 299 4%Total 5 783 452 100%

Exports of barley from Ukraine in 2008/09 (Jul-Jun)*

Main importers of Ukrainian barley in 2008/09

(Jul-Jan)


Saudi

Arabia

39%

Others

19%

Israel

4%

Jordan

5%Syria

14%

Iran

19%


The 2008/2009 season did not see any changes in the traditional export destinations. First place going to Saudi Arabia, with 2.2 million tonnes of barley shipments between July 2008 and March 2009 (see Table above).

In 2008/2009, Ukraine returned to export markets as a leading maize exporter, owing to a bumper crop and export demand. It is expected that Ukraine will export 4.5 million tonnes of maize this MY (October 2008 to September 2009), becoming the world’s fourth largest exporter of maize.

No countryvolume,

tonnesshare

1 Egypt 832,878 22%

2 Syria 427,492 11%

3 Iran 422,649 11%

4 Israel 229,677 6%

5 Algeria 222,885 6%

6 Tunisia 207,086 5%

7 Libya 163,705 4%

8 Spain 153,044 4%

9 Belarus 143,438 4%

10 Morocco 104,438 3%

11 Japan 93,522 2%

12 Vietnam 87,271 2%

13 Turkey 86,103 2%

14 Netherlands 63,967 2%

15 Jordan 61,400 2%

Others 476,805 13%Total 3,776,357 100%

Exports of maize from Ukraine in 2008/09 (Oct-Sept)*

Main importers of Ukrainian maize in 2008/09

(Oct-Sept)

Syria

11%

Egypt

22%

Iran

11%Israel

6%

Algeria

6%

Others

44%


23

In addition to the traditional buyers –the Russian Federation, Belarus, Turkey and some EU countries – Ukraine has exported maize to countries in North Africa and the Near East during this MY. Egypt, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Islamic Republic of Iran bought 45 percent of all maize exports from Ukraine (see Table above), owing to competitive prices.

Dynamics of world prices for maize (US$/t, FOB)

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

$400

01.0

6.2

00

7

01.0

7.2

00

7

01.0

8.2

00

7

01.0

9.2

00

7

01.1

0.2

00

7

01.1

1.2

00

7

01.1

2.2

00

7

01.0

1.2

00

8

01.0

2.2

00

8

01.0

3.2

00

8

01.0

4.2

00

8

01.0

5.2

00

8

01.0

6.2

00

8

01.0

7.2

00

8

01.0

8.2

00

8

01.0

9.2

00

8

01.1

0.2

00

8

01.1

1.2

00

8

01.1

2.2

00

8

01.0

1.2

00

9

01.0

2.2

00

9

01.0

3.2

00

9

01.0

4.2

00

9

01.0

5.2

00

9

US (Gulf) Argentina France (MATIF) Ukraine

Source: APK-Inform

Total cereal exports from Ukraine in MY 2008/2009, including wheat, barley and maize, are therefore expected to reach 23 million tonnes. Ukraine will enter the next MY 2009/2010 with carry-over stocks of about 5 million tonnes, of which 2.6 million tonnes will be wheat.

In the forthcoming 2009/2010 MY, Ukraine’s gross grain harvest is expected to decrease to 40

million tonnes, owing to lower areas planted and depending on weather expectations being

normal. According to initial estimates, the wheat harvest could decrease from 25 to 19.2 million tonnes, barley from 12.3 to 10.4 million tonnes, and maize from 10.0 to 7.7 million tonnes.

24

AnnexesAnnexesAnnexesAnnexes Table 1 Word Coarse Grain Production and Forecast, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Country World 936936 1031168 990181 988416 1059098 1075021 1090823 1113255 1135242 1148000 1157357 1169015 1187317 1201497 1216671

OECD 494070 569341 525230 492649 567164 567762 576175 590143 601158 608109 611820 617351 625316 630223 637157

Non-OECD 442866 461827 464951 495768 491934 507259 514648 523112 534085 539890 545537 551665 562001 571274 579514

Developed 528584 613370 565471 529226 592972 604675 615083 629384 640545 648040 651676 657284 665731 671131 678418

Least Developed Countries 38967 34717 39857 43931 44262 45299 45850 46667 47641 48357 48839 49391 50054 50698 51315

OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 25840 25601 24939 23145 27825 26188 25857 25507 26215 26414 27117 27008 27212 27401 27502

United States 275088 319434 298775 280113 351086 332621 346348 354933 360420 364952 367812 372145 378032 382160 387617

Australia 15685 12117 14366 5909 9327 12890 13307 13804 14058 14250 14439 14620 14811 14995 15205

New Zealand 449 493 460 521 473 472 471 470 468 467 466 465 464 463 462

Mexico 28636 29721 25751 28434 31194 29386 28934 29737 30074 29698 29608 29633 29520 29390 29365

Korea 308 342 367 286 274 315 328 340 352 362 372 382 392 402 413

Japan 233 229 213 224 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 219 220 221 221

Turkey 11426 12584 14285 13921 11675 13155 13539 13873 14401 14667 14668 14660 14788 14912 14930

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 134840 167215 144536 138569 133569 150992 145648 149733 153423 155554 155590 156689 158349 158751 159914

CIS 57728 65149 57445 61083 53895 59872 61061 62132 63152 63521 63275 63298 63713 64080 64334

Russia 30402 29644 27646 30150 28980 30117 30644 30911 31199 31203 30768 30443 30431 30395 30239

Ukraine 16043 23130 18653 20096 14104 19074 19294 19727 20247 20599 20876 21249 21621 21925 22261

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 1298 1399 1143 1362 1450 1435 1443 1464 1484 1488 1486 1485 1485 1484 1484

Egypt 7630 7263 8700 7932 7935 8018 7972 8017 8139 8215 8209 8204 8219 8225 8231

Sub Saharan Africa 61743 58253 65189 72487 69724 72786 74069 75750 77311 78655 79974 81208 82430 83579 84824

Republic of South Africa 10255 10318 12250 7316 7781 9877 10484 10774 10678 10653 10647 10635 10631 10665 10673

LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Argentina 19333 23479 18818 26165 27838 22891 23718 24401 25181 25239 26206 27462 28525 29665 30277

Brazil 49853 44972 37418 45028 53505 49961 49759 50476 50883 52075 53753 54576 56033 56488 57815

Chile 1755 1916 1967 1954 2181 2186 2199 2230 2262 2278 2287 2297 2308 2317 2328

Uruguay 596 729 586 744 964 965 955 959 970 974 972 973 975 974 972

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 147 270 508 541 507 547 496 488 501 514 519 522 528 534 541

China 123953 138252 147696 154040 151472 158254 159601 160850 164493 166050 167751 170103 173848 176795 180122

India 37856 32040 33400 33210 34890 35307 36351 37193 38376 38106 37498 36921 38050 40092 40371

Indonesia 10886 11225 12525 11609 12446 12726 12888 13173 13531 13674 13586 13512 13558 13602 13630

Iran 4568 4876 4862 4709 5109 4872 4883 4976 5097 5160 5197 5255 5319 5368 5424

Malaysia 72 72 75 80 83 85 85 87 91 95 97 98 100 102 104

Pakistan 2509 3274 3545 3831 3132 3874 3935 4013 4072 4083 4081 4097 4115 4122 4135

Saudi Arabia 425 414 350 481 423 445 465 477 490 499 502 506 511 515 518

Source: OECD.Stat (data extracted on 15 May 2009)

25

Table 2 Word Coarse Grain Total Consumption, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Country AGGREGATE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

World 953377 980921 995065

1015449

1063370

1082563

1098897

1111116

1125120

1142033

1155297

1167968

1182716

1197595

1212059

OECD 480853 497185 499823 503976 546724 549778 556095 563250 571852 577631 581948 585532 591371 595410 600809

Non-OECD 472524 483735 495242 511473 516646 532785 542802 547866 553267 564402 573349 582436 591344 602186 611251

Developed 495450 513974 514523 513723 553724 562186 568125 573734 582353 589055 593483 596956 602783 607177 612585


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 22529 21982 21701 23357 24411 23474 24143 25031 25573 25500 25671 25890 26177 26557 26828

United States 225703 239992 244820 242528 279849 291127 299494 305726 311399 315496 318596 321014 324031 326414 330040

Australia 6937 6660 7295 5188 6313 6508 6569 6854 7021 7178 7219 7266 7325 7391 7432

New Zealand 488 528 540 660 606 559 570 579 584 594 604 611 619 625 631

Mexico 37915 38661 34774 39540 42334 39641 38983 40069 40251 39835 39977 40091 40281 40350 40458

Korea 9531 9764 9197 9226 8899 9269 9309 9322 9483 9713 9887 9899 10023 10065 10092

Japan 21377 20666 20751 20744 20464 20156 20202 19680 19552 19407 19249 19246 19260 19282 19284

Turkey 12511 12918 14226 14217 13566 13132 14071 14500 14749 15139 15422 15512 15436 15478 15545

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 141967 144238 144703 146604 148420 144049 140901 139634 141386 142917 143470 144149 146366 147395 148645

CIS 57054 58003 51371 53275 53413 54823 54556 54394 54876 55852 56441 56435 56536 56818 56907

Russia 33059 29567 27767 28537 28392 29266 29416 29179 29412 30159 30565 30482 30357 30397 30273

Ukraine 12879 15914 12610 13807 14115 14635 14339 14215 14320 14468 14541 14540 14633 14746 14814

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 2992 3217 3370 3678 3721 3750 3790 3875 3939 3998 4087 4187 4275 4367 4453

Egypt 12462 12368 12779 12952 13025 13247 13332 13441 13647 13884 14086 14290 14518 14724 14935




Argentina 8196 9056 10285 10667 11472 11953 11290 11102 11558 11767 12014 12569 13167 13372 13485

Brazil 39630 41054 41684 42709 41929 45030 46258 47562 47732 48883 49804 50616 51524 52652 53876

Chile 2756 2944 3085 3335 3520 3634 3641 3633 3700 3799 3878 3962 4049 4139 4198

Uruguay 568 746 555 764 807 822 836 851 867 884 902 920 938 958 977

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 297 420 558 591 557 565 555 563 578 601 622 636 654 674 691

China 136835 139252 145466 150735 151638 156099 162582 163965 163173 165857 167590 169605 172862 176237 179474

India 35683 32745 33058 33017 34425 34628 35648 35677 36445 37252 37739 39150 38679 39730 40094

Indonesia 12027 12150 12730 12985 13087 13241 13344 13378 13533 13726 13898 14021 14169 14309 14432

Iran 6268 8119 8062 7509 8009 8284 8281 8336 8541 8830 9071 9279 9518 9767 9958

Malaysia 2465 2515 2749 2637 2760 2853 2809 2802 2849 2888 2927 2952 2989 3025 3046

Pakistan 2525 3054 3280 3754 3152 3874 3804 3875 3950 3987 4011 4041 4077 4132 4170

Saudi Arabia 7874 7893 8226 8209 8532 8748 8752 8862 8928 9062 9204 9293 9359 9497 9594


26

Table 3 Word Coarse Grains Imports, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Country

AGGREGATE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

World 106581 102892 103073 111560 119616 111696 111197 111423 112858 114921 116832 119567 122072 125101 126943

OECD 52864 46216 45740 52423 59088 49298 50523 50116 49694 49646 50033 50097 50593 51179 51448

Non-OECD 53717 56677 57333 59138 60528 62398 60674 61307 63164 65275 66799 69469 71479 73922 75495

Developed 35644 29765 29795 33686 42715 32167 32921 32565 32219 31921 31892 32214 31907 32604 32792


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 2173 2529 1970 2155 2046 2431 3887 4172 4062 3712 3776 3747 3794 4033 4176

United States 2198 1995 1800 2280 2540 2504 2504 2504 2504 2504 2504 2504 2504 2504 2504

Australia 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

New Zealand 10 35 100 135 133 82 102 109 118 129 139 145 155 162 169

Mexico 9355 8958 9034 11260 11139 10362 10356 10577 10343 10353 10618 10745 11004 11222 11361

Korea 9352 9001 8884 8979 8358 8989 8968 8959 9139 9374 9526 9518 9646 9674 9681

Japan 20982 20343 20393 20335 20401 19991 20198 19232 19239 19251 19129 19076 19097 19181 19183

Turkey 1270 528 105 995 755 705 746 772 764 798 817 839 868 879 849

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 7161 2703 3200 5900 13387 3900 3439 3468 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200

CIS 1665 1245 1174 1076 1727 1674 1272 1560 1575 1604 1624 2023 1637 2004 2039

Russia 948 743 625 412 612 774 778 771 778 797 808 1198 803 1160 1186

Ukraine 196 19 78 133 261 270 279 289 298 307 316 325 334 344 353

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 2084 2123 2172 2566 2471 2330 2353 2392 2519 2593 2578 2673 2825 2911 2965

Egypt 4132 4900 4424 4820 5030 5335 5365 5390 5529 5702 5863 6068 6308 6505 6698




Argentina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Brazil 1057 517 835 1159 1698 1231 1362 1430 1341 1378 1383 1367 1376 1376 1373

Chile 1126 1116 1336 1723 1484 1622 1545 1553 1640 1716 1757 1855 1956 2030 2081

Uruguay 59 80 115 68 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 150 150 50 50 50 17 60 75 77 87 103 114 126 140 150

China 1533 2073 2306 1167 1409 1489 1594 1571 1809 1871 1889 1865 1946 1984 2044

India 162 105 177 52 50 69 71 71 73 75 75 78 77 79 80

Indonesia 1441 1045 545 2076 741 575 448 285 205 205 362 594 748 821 904

Iran 1700 3293 3300 2700 2900 3442 3389 3370 3475 3693 3877 4034 4218 4409 4541

Malaysia 2400 2450 2739 2590 2700 2797 2703 2718 2790 2815 2826 2855 2899 2924 2941

Pakistan 41 20 35 23 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 22

Saudi Arabia 7859 7909 7846 7228 7509 8742 8173 8384 8567 8641 8662 8792 8897 8984 9060


27

Table 4 Word Coarse Grains Stocks, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


World 209617 250768 238643 211679 203612 196070 187996 190135 200258 206224 208285 209332 213934 217836 222448

OECD 81598 129636 120627 86908 79921 70347 68188 72897 78411 82029 84434 87166 89833 91665 94768

Non-OECD 128019 121133 118016 124771 123691 125722 119808 117238 121847 124195 123851 122166 124101 126171 127680

Developed 84820 134391 123936 89167 80109 72327 70557 75236 80722 84556 87051 89872 92682 94506 97547


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 4083 6341 6331 3539 3968 4086 4769 4881 4998 5030 5319 5405 5470 5526 5573

United States 28768 58796 54775 36192 39372 25835 23888 26308 28751 28971 27664 26765 26062 24440 24039

Australia 1544 1775 2736 829 1105 1255 1112 1215 1318 1420 1523 1625 1728 1830 1933

New Zealand 57 57 77 72 72 67 69 69 70 72 73 72 72 72 72

Mexico 1728 1744 1708 1665 1578 1516 1518 1506 1455 1411 1391 1425 1418 1420 1430

Korea 1719 1298 1352 1390 1123 1158 1145 1122 1129 1152 1163 1163 1178 1189 1190

Japan 9875 9781 9636 9450 9600 9649 9861 9628 9532 9595 9694 9743 9800 9919 10039

Turkey 4210 4140 3700 4190 2990 3642 3768 3812 4116 4318 4245 4084 4144 4285 4334

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 29261 45398 40031 29296 19832 22857 21777 24074 26760 29778 33080 36603 39679 42702 45875

CIS 7071 6943 5180 5627 4236 6189 6551 6442 6595 6848 6752 6640 6755 6892 6893

Russia 3041 2728 1443 1796 1296 1713 1917 1960 1986 2010 2024 2047 2074 2100 2124

Ukraine 2240 2720 2240 2390 1660 3008 2828 2638 2767 2950 2893 2818 2885 2940 2919

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 540 845 790 1040 1240 1256 1261 1243 1305 1389 1367 1338 1373 1401 1396

Egypt 550 345 690 490 430 536 541 506 527 560 546 529 538 544 538




Argentina 785 1285 773 1041 2040 854 858 821 649 480 820 1144 1222 1722 2022

Brazil 8721 7990 3465 5442 9633 7740 4956 4818 4943 4880 4548 4376 4843 4784 4739

Chile 285 272 407 642 672 722 691 698 748 782 777 787 812 820 823

Uruguay 190 193 258 216 213 176 181 170 175 181 174 164 164 165 161

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

China 84486 77942 78722 77782 77985 79760 76609 73348 75009 75719 76495 77567 79275 80619 82135

India 2430 1530 1724 1744 1834 2138 2466 3607 5162 5642 5027 2423 1419 1406 1308

Indonesia 740 760 1000 1600 1600 1559 1447 1421 1516 1559 1497 1468 1490 1486 1468

Iran 250 300 400 300 300 330 322 332 363 387 390 400 419 429 435

Malaysia 250 250 307 330 345 367 340 338 367 386 381 382 391 393 393

Pakistan 60 300 600 700 700 666 716 730 730 723 716 720 726 710 697

Saudi Arabia 2460 2890 2860 2360 1760 2199 2085 2084 2214 2292 2253 2258 2307 2309 2294


28

Table 5 Word Russia Coarse Grain snd, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Variable BALANCE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Production 30402 29644 27646 30150 28980 30117 30644 30911 31199 31203 30768 30443 30431 30395 30239

Imports 948 743 625 412 612 774 778 771 778 797 808 1198 803 1160 1186

Consumption 33059 29567 27767 28537 28392 29266 29416 29179 29412 30159 30565 30482 30357 30397 30273

Ending stocks 3041 2728 1443 1796 1296 1713 1917 1960 1986 2010 2024 2047 2074 2100 2124

Exports 2474 1133 1789 1672 1700 1208 1801 2460 2538 1818 996 1135 849 1133 1128

Trade balance 1526 390 1164 1260 1088 434 1024 1688 1761 1021 188 -62 47 -27 -59

SPECIFIC .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Area harvested, 000 ha 18101 17392 16330 17067 17340 17066 17071 17110 17162 17072 16793 16569 16488 16400 16254

Cow inventory, 000 hd .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Crush, kt .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Feed, kt 21860 19475 18041 19096 18715 19466 19752 19590 19992 20833 21325 21330 21293 21422 21385

Food, kt 3917 3531 3325 3352 3300 3412 3418 3379 3227 3177 3153 3084 3000 2915 2836

Other use, kt 7282 6561 6401 6089 6376 6387 6246 6211 6193 6149 6088 6068 6065 6060 6053

Yield 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

PRICES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

World Price, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Weighted average or Producer price 1886 2432 2327 2299 3046 3333 3268 3228 3346 3331 3290 3361 3442 3504 3552

Specific market or product price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Import price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

RATIO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Consumption per capita 27 25 23 24 23 24 24 24 23 23 23 23 22 22 21


29

Table 6 Word Russia Wheat snd, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Production 34100 45400 47700 44900 48000 48006 47523 47311 47854 48488 48918 49460 50295 51095 51773

Imports 1026 1197 1282 861 1000 1181 1200 1213 1210 1212 1213 1211 1207 1212 1214

Consumption 35500 37400 38400 36400 37193 36824 37407 37803 37712 37761 37815 37737 37634 37768 37822

Ending stocks 2645 3891 3809 2380 2179 2224 2335 2440 2473 2487 2497 2514 2524 2532 2537

Exports 3114 7951 10664 10790 12008 12319 11205 10616 11320 11923 12306 12917 13859 14531 15159

Trade balance 2088 6754 9382 9929 11008 11137 10005 9404 10110 10712 11092 11707 12651 13319 13946

SPECIFIC .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


Cow inventory, 000 hd .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Crush, kt .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Feed, kt 12500 13600 14900 14100 14893 14442 14965 15369 15497 15716 15854 15822 15771 15987 16086

Food, kt 14720 15232 15040 14272 14272 14258 14373 14421 14257 14143 14114 14123 14126 14100 14110

Other use, kt 8280 8568 8460 8028 8028 8124 8069 8014 7958 7903 7847 7792 7736 7681 7626

Yield 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

PRICES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

World Price, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..



Import price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

RATIO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..



30

Table 7 Word Ukraine Course Grain snd, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Production 16043 23130 18653 20096 14104 19074 19294 19727 20247 20599 20876 21249 21621 21925 22261

Imports 196 19 78 133 261 270 279 289 298 307 316 325 334 344 353

Consumption 12879 15914 12610 13807 14115 14635 14339 14215 14320 14468 14541 14540 14633 14746 14814

Ending stocks 2240 2720 2240 2390 1660 3008 2828 2638 2767 2950 2893 2818 2885 2940 2919

Exports 2710 6755 6601 6272 980 3361 5415 5991 6096 6255 6708 7109 7256 7468 7821

Trade balance 2514 6736 6523 6139 719 3091 5135 5702 5798 5948 6392 6784 6922 7124 7468

SPECIFIC .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


Cow inventory, 000 hd .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Crush, kt .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Feed, kt 8394 11374 8279 9509 10024 10447 10146 10025 10110 10223 10270 10241 10290 10362 10405

Food, kt 1551 1410 1271 1248 1081 1168 1168 1162 1171 1189 1197 1205 1217 1228 1235

Other use, kt 2867 3047 2977 2978 2944 2944 2944 2944 2944 2944 2944 2944 2944 2944 2944

Yield 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

PRICES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

World Price, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..



Import price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

RATIO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..



31

Table 8 Word Ukarine Wheat snd, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Production 3600 17520 18699 13809 13700 14883 14864 14997 15288 15693 16151 16594 16981 17363 17768

Imports 3396 119 105 57 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumption 9842 12339 11197 11254 11650 11811 11959 11934 11831 11739 11667 11616 11578 11533 11502

Ending stocks 600 1500 2600 1900 2500 4758 4920 3929 3662 3780 3894 4009 4003 4157 4275

Exports 54 4400 6507 3312 1500 814 2744 4053 3725 3835 4370 4864 5408 5676 6147

Trade balance -3342 4281 6402 3255 1450 814 2744 4053 3725 3835 4370 4864 5408 5676 6147

SPECIFIC .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


Cow inventory, 000 hd .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Crush, kt .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Feed, kt 2042 4139 3047 3454 3700 3826 4013 4062 4035 3999 4000 4007 4018 4036 4075

Food, kt 5700 5800 5750 5700 5850 5885 5845 5772 5696 5640 5566 5508 5460 5397 5327

Other use, kt 2100 2400 2400 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100

Yield 1 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

PRICES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

World Price, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..



Import price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

RATIO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..



32

Table 9 Word Wheat Exports, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


World 104797 110565 111368 107724 104731 121070 115943 116958 118355 120578 120885 122913 124106 125293 126465

OECD 76489 76529 77282 68219 64315 81900 75892 75751 76396 77232 75394 75600 74946 74731 74776

Non-OECD 28307 34037 34085 39505 40416 39169 40052 41207 41959 43346 45491 47313 49160 50563 51689

Developed 83290 90223 95973 89021 85997 101213 97457 98098 99489 100683 100147 101625 102306 102874 103802


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 15727 14812 15775 19507 13995 15656 13911 14118 14454 15030 15392 15337 15193 15402 15675

United States 31524 29010 27292 24731 31979 27422 26188 27710 27343 26412 26621 26541 27094 26769 26529

Australia 17867 14675 15969 8686 6641 17746 17290 18395 18225 18040 17982 17749 17457 17126 17101

New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mexico 565 343 395 422 429 402 414 417 416 412 415 415 415 414 415

Korea 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

Japan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Turkey 850 2200 2400 1800 1200 1857 1274 1311 1347 1829 1920 1988 2025 2066 2152

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 9887 15418 15365 12991 10000 18752 16749 13734 14545 15442 12998 13503 12695 12888 12838

CIS 8045 15941 21228 22711 23112 21368 23045 23861 24637 25474 26869 28209 29581 30405 31374

Russia 3114 7951 10664 10790 12008 12319 11205 10616 11320 11923 12306 12917 13859 14531 15159

Ukraine 54 4400 6507 3312 1500 814 2744 4053 3725 3835 4370 4864 5408 5676 6147

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Egypt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0




Argentina 8500 10500 7000 7872 8800 9309 8739 8937 9043 9638 10382 10901 11402 11955 12088

Brazil 4 1372 5 651 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Chile 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Uruguay 45 25 119 130 125 221 336 316 300 292 309 313 320 331 336

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

China 2824 1171 1397 2783 3005 2910 2657 2395 2194 2053 1926 1773 1623 1528 1442

India 5050 1500 700 300 300 295 290 285 280 275 270 265 260 255 250

Indonesia 20 30 30 30 30 32 33 35 37 38 40 42 43 45 47

Iran 50 0 20 20 400 403 406 410 413 416 419 422 425 429 432

Malaysia 150 150 69 80 90 83 76 69 62 55 48 41 34 27 20

Pakistan 300 100 100 500 1600 1500 1185 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

Saudi Arabia 40 30 35 25 30 33 35 38 40 43 45 48 50 53 55


33

Table 10 Word Wheat food consumption, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


World 439311 441538 447443 452388 455682 465596 465996 470553 472614 476634 480065 483593 487404 490897 494399

OECD 117940 117863 118961 119645 120819 123432 123928 124209 124474 124919 125287 125831 126366 126856 127388

Non-OECD 321370 323674 328482 332743 334863 342164 342069 346344 348140 351715 354777 357763 361038 364042 367012

Developed 135733 136304 136459 135534 136704 139295 139883 140172 140194 140536 140909 141414 141906 142368 142892


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 2908 2965 2990 3223 3110 3160 3265 3386 3465 3526 3587 3658 3717 3777 3843

United States 24818 24756 24908 25393 25583 25833 26107 26278 26429 26639 26852 27087 27291 27508 27764

Australia 1780 1818 1825 1563 1931 1931 1645 1685 1723 1761 1799 1838 1876 1914 1953

New Zealand 317 348 309 317 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378

Mexico 4241 4167 4750 4901 4939 5149 5172 5059 4942 4880 4803 4795 4774 4741 4716

Korea 2058 2123 2127 2683 2698 2728 2748 2751 2751 2755 2757 2760 2763 2764 2764

Japan 5338 5286 5220 5254 5483 5494 5464 5435 5402 5364 5332 5300 5271 5245 5214

Turkey 13670 13850 14050 14250 14450 14699 14839 14978 15166 15334 15469 15652 15852 16024 16192

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 61796 61438 61718 61102 61258 63110 63363 63316 63281 63346 63377 63434 63517 63580 63644

CIS 31885 32624 32408 31658 31873 32206 32496 32553 32357 32290 32278 32339 32440 32514 32606

Russia 14720 15232 15040 14272 14272 14258 14373 14421 14257 14143 14114 14123 14126 14100 14110

Ukraine 5700 5800 5750 5700 5850 5885 5845 5772 5696 5640 5566 5508 5460 5397 5327

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 6521 6652 6750 6950 7000 7099 7182 7234 7293 7358 7403 7463 7521 7569 7611

Egypt 13054 13368 13785 14174 14479 14838 15114 15269 15399 15582 15757 15945 16146 16333 16523




Argentina 4404 4491 4594 4644 4600 4736 4863 4824 4875 4849 4865 4894 4924 5328 5596

Brazil 12145 9564 9713 10828 9560 10911 8092 8726 8681 8753 8776 8800 8836 8851 8868

Chile 1897 1925 1951 1999 2037 2101 2152 2177 2189 2202 2217 2233 2247 2260 2275

Uruguay 350 360 363 366 368 380 389 395 400 404 410 415 421 426 432

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 3034 3079 3080 3062 3010 3299 3543 3639 3689 3758 3836 3918 3993 4066 4152

China 88385 87949 88313 87877 87617 87566 87053 86946 86523 86643 87010 87080 86604 86185 85865

India 62453 64160 65140 66713 68000 69454 69334 71023 71473 72695 73330 73911 75184 75930 76660

Indonesia 3774 3913 4064 4331 4364 4399 4451 4503 4546 4585 4620 4651 4688 4729 4768

Iran 11400 11550 11750 11900 12000 12144 12284 12425 12590 12728 12815 12934 13108 13258 13377

Malaysia 975 995 1018 1062 1082 1120 1146 1155 1163 1178 1192 1207 1224 1239 1254

Pakistan 19434 19735 20211 20575 20900 21645 21997 22317 22768 23184 23534 23916 24322 24685 25058

Saudi Arabia 2060 2140 2220 2300 2360 2410 2447 2494 2550 2611 2656 2704 2755 2803 2846


34

Table 11 Word Wheat Imports, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


World 105102 112862 108225 111538 111003 121070 115944 116958 118354 120578 120885 122913 124106 125294 126465

OECD 24217 24129 22885 24009 25144 26484 24906 24424 24152 24818 24698 24853 24913 25070 25127

Non-OECD 80885 88733 85340 87528 85860 94586 91038 92534 94202 95760 96186 98060 99193 100223 101338

Developed 25732 23921 22408 21400 23941 24575 23119 22558 22491 22879 22908 23135 23248 23500 23616


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 18 14 26 26 25 25 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22

United States 1715 1921 2215 3318 2449 2722 2722 2858 2858 2994 2994 3130 3130 3266 3266

Australia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

New Zealand 311 349 378 395 395 397 396 395 395 395 395 396 396 395 395

Mexico 3500 3585 3718 3548 3607 3866 4084 4083 4009 3906 3771 3698 3661 3598 3561

Korea 3753 3190 3325 3759 3600 3935 3807 3798 3761 3751 3741 3751 3752 3739 3741

Japan 5539 5484 5292 5456 5617 5618 5574 5523 5480 5427 5377 5334 5295 5258 5216

Turkey 1200 400 200 1900 1800 1800 1414 1482 1407 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 7539 8562 7215 5000 7200 7683 6447 5834 5791 6103 6178 6313 6447 6582 6716

CIS 7770 4647 4526 4658 4843 4881 4900 4913 4910 4912 4913 4911 4907 4912 4914

Russia 1026 1197 1282 861 1000 1181 1200 1213 1210 1212 1213 1211 1207 1212 1214

Ukraine 3396 119 105 57 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 3850 5300 5800 4900 4300 4819 4462 4355 4347 4327 4131 4069 3975 3828 3712

Egypt 7069 7840 7600 7000 7300 8488 8782 8827 8735 8718 8652 8747 8833 8863 8961




Argentina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Brazil 6853 5708 5311 6533 7708 7730 5309 5337 5201 5204 5164 5112 5071 5004 4907

Chile 485 228 314 1025 1000 1352 1199 1237 1305 1352 1363 1376 1376 1381 1387

Uruguay 292 138 61 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 1998 2076 2000 1697 2000 3045 2721 2702 2843 2954 3015 3089 3145 3216 3299

China 3749 6747 1018 380 123 347 669 813 912 1051 1226 1453 1657 1856 2046

India 43 100 500 6663 2000 1863 2443 2261 2452 2648 2610 2832 2832 3171 3090

Indonesia 4400 4899 4800 5417 4800 5329 5151 5186 5271 5381 5394 5425 5448 5493 5534

Iran 500 200 1200 900 200 800 812 824 861 926 922 933 954 969 1000

Malaysia 1350 1370 1361 1500 1450 1372 1544 1506 1460 1436 1434 1468 1482 1465 1472

Pakistan 201 1415 896 400 1500 1639 1000 1617 1894 2034 2142 2222 2225 2282 2400

Saudi Arabia 62 50 50 61 50 202 436 715 1039 1320 1554 1819 2091 2356 2569


35

Table 12 Word Wheat Production, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


World 559743 628368 625201 596638 602371 659171 645683 647544 653735 662652 667628 671823 678011 682562 689357

OECD 247689 276625 267213 235170 234193 283347 272753 271550 276806 280724 281145 283526 285694 287882 290490

Non-OECD 312054 351743 357988 361468 368178 375823 372930 375994 376929 381928 386483 388297 392317 394680 398866

Developed 291785 346085 340348 302409 308994 357754 347402 346284 352786 357911 359411 362931 366278 369582 373162


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 23049 24796 25748 25265 20054 24744 23949 23745 24140 25332 25678 25655 25418 25857 26320

United States 63813 58740 57290 49315 56255 64728 59606 58227 58011 57456 57350 57279 57925 57774 57948

Australia 26132 21905 25090 9819 12695 24834 25614 25769 25871 25973 26154 26156 26082 25990 26170

New Zealand 271 277 297 312 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 307

Mexico 2716 2321 3015 3378 3364 3399 3351 3309 3235 3251 3295 3337 3360 3377 3387

Korea 10 13 8 6 5 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9

Japan 856 860 875 873 895 901 906 911 915 919 922 926 929 932 936

Turkey 19000 21000 21500 20010 17300 19879 19767 19925 20248 20482 20689 20952 21176 21357 21581

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 111065 145775 132495 125300 122412 143633 138329 138421 143139 146054 145798 147950 149532 151321 152874

CIS 61655 86576 92370 85039 90980 92596 92464 92609 94068 95431 96664 98017 99413 100691 101862

Russia 34100 45400 47700 44900 48000 48006 47523 47311 47854 48488 48918 49460 50295 51095 51773

Ukraine 3600 17520 18699 13809 13700 14883 14864 14997 15288 15693 16151 16594 16981 17363 17768

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 2971 2602 2350 2700 2900 3025 3160 3324 3500 3664 3814 3963 4118 4285 4459

Egypt 6845 7178 8185 8274 7379 7485 7529 7737 8053 8296 8428 8549 8672 8788 8898




Argentina 14500 16000 12985 13800 14900 15164 14584 15014 15282 16037 16593 17067 17696 18182 18679

Brazil 5851 5851 5846 4873 2234 3819 3874 3944 4033 4110 4174 4254 4334 4419 4533

Chile 1797 1922 1852 1404 1322 1255 1219 1187 1169 1164 1166 1173 1180 1191 1202

Uruguay 326 533 454 611 600 783 818 808 813 824 839 855 868 881 895

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 1746 1253 1050 765 800 819 830 843 858 870 878 885 895 906 918

China 86490 91950 97450 104470 105109 103702 103700 101420 99542 99605 99948 98515 97141 96473 95963

India 65760 72060 68640 69350 75000 76225 73300 76899 76255 77479 78540 78357 80099 79887 81421

Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Iran 13440 14548 14308 14500 15000 15327 15326 15452 15670 15796 15854 15986 16156 16285 16390

Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pakistan 19183 19500 21560 21700 22500 22755 22965 23281 23585 23793 24011 24377 24779 25074 25318

Saudi Arabia 2524 2776 2648 2400 2700 2509 2288 2053 1822 1605 1389 1171 952 733 564


36

Table 13 Word Wheat Stocks, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


World 166799 184466 187930 167655 155000 178623 181973 179196 177920 179114 179036 177863 177564 176409 176371

OECD 45083 62449 66995 49960 39252 54568 57403 55589 54596 54242 52936 51450 50679 49939 49437

Non-OECD 121717 122017 120935 117696 115748 124055 124571 123607 123324 124872 126100 126413 126886 126470 126935

Developed 54600 75097 81372 59440 49906 67717 70633 67726 66528 66538 65423 64176 63525 63012 62635


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 5985 7922 9638 6828 4900 5369 6362 6183 5938 6242 6453 6588 6519 6515 6588

United States 14871 14702 15557 12424 7961 15419 18222 17928 17462 17144 16407 15667 14774 13857 13099

Australia 5680 7173 10265 4881 3558 4058 5452 5671 5890 6109 6328 6547 6767 6986 7205

New Zealand 228 221 221 222 222 224 224 224 224 224 225 225 226 226 227

Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Korea 419 463 481 525 375 549 539 520 496 479 460 443 427 408 392

Japan 1760 1838 1792 1865 1865 1869 1862 1847 1832 1821 1811 1802 1791 1780 1769

Turkey 3000 2300 1800 2200 600 597 529 501 494 474 442 420 397 371 347

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 12689 27366 26825 20468 19248 25986 23740 22269 21839 21352 20438 19411 19457 19500 19537

CIS 12013 13778 15113 10840 10764 13409 13372 12178 11881 12153 12289 12489 12568 12747 12830

Russia 2645 3891 3809 2380 2179 2224 2335 2440 2473 2487 2497 2514 2524 2532 2537

Ukraine 600 1500 2600 1900 2500 4758 4920 3929 3662 3780 3894 4009 4003 4157 4275

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 2050 2750 3600 3700 3350 3544 3433 3325 3329 3412 3405 3424 3446 3442 3454

Egypt 1200 2000 3000 3000 2100 2146 2228 2381 2619 2894 3050 3223 3398 3527 3664




Argentina 900 600 785 863 1163 1013 714 674 734 968 980 900 900 878 928

Brazil 409 422 1240 476 247 193 777 783 789 796 802 809 816 820 821

Chile 255 220 175 325 325 531 492 428 401 403 406 411 410 414 421

Uruguay 235 411 329 342 348 421 401 382 377 386 388 394 398 398 399

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 1800 1800 1600 850 600 1124 1091 954 924 947 961 974 977 989 1009

China 63293 58819 54890 55957 57637 58684 60840 61298 61285 61778 62586 62518 62201 61985 61888

India 17500 16200 12500 14500 16000 17089 15952 16543 16231 16116 16388 16118 16315 15894 16194

Indonesia 1300 1650 1700 1700 1596 1796 1746 1680 1645 1683 1699 1712 1705 1697 1685

Iran 2835 2533 2771 2751 2051 2129 2050 1952 1923 1938 1915 1906 1902 1876 1852

Malaysia 166 166 220 350 400 342 438 495 509 495 475 483 498 489 482

Pakistan 1200 1330 2375 2300 2700 2829 2467 2386 2428 2397 2335 2323 2300 2257 2189

Saudi Arabia 950 950 850 600 650 612 553 491 461 435 383 328 276 223 175


37

Table 14 Word Wheat Total Consumption, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


World 599808 612999 618646 620377 621496 635548 642333 650322 655011 661458 667706 672997 678309 683717 689394

OECD 198861 206859 208271 207994 205730 212615 218932 222037 225555 228664 231755 234265 236432 238961 241344

Non-OECD 400947 406140 410375 412383 415766 422932 423401 428286 429456 432794 435951 438732 441877 444756 448050

Developed 245063 259286 260509 256719 256473 263304 270148 273651 276987 280097 283287 285688 287870 290721 293353


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 7080 8061 8283 8594 8011 8645 9068 9829 9953 10021 10097 10205 10316 10481 10593

United States 32507 31821 31358 31034 31190 32569 33336 33668 33991 34355 34459 34608 34854 35188 35442

Australia 5515 5738 6029 6516 7377 6589 6929 7155 7428 7714 7954 8188 8406 8645 8851

New Zealand 599 633 674 707 702 702 702 702 702 702 702 702 702 702 702

Mexico 5651 5564 6338 6503 6542 6862 7021 6974 6828 6744 6651 6620 6607 6560 6533

Korea 3744 3147 3303 3710 3744 3756 3813 3813 3782 3763 3758 3765 3765 3755 3755

Japan 6316 6266 6213 6256 6512 6515 6488 6449 6410 6358 6309 6270 6235 6202 6162

Turkey 19850 19900 19800 19710 19500 19824 19974 20124 20314 20474 20601 20786 20974 21118 21252

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 116226 124243 124886 123665 120832 125826 130274 131992 134816 137201 139892 141787 143238 144973 146715

CIS 68565 73517 74333 71259 72787 73464 74357 74854 74637 74597 74571 74520 74660 75019 75318

Russia 35500 37400 38400 36400 37193 36824 37407 37803 37712 37761 37815 37737 37634 37768 37822

Ukraine 9842 12339 11197 11254 11650 11811 11959 11934 11831 11739 11667 11616 11578 11533 11502

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 7071 7202 7300 7500 7550 7651 7734 7786 7843 7908 7953 8012 8071 8118 8160

Egypt 13664 14218 14785 15274 15579 15927 16229 16410 16550 16739 16924 17123 17330 17523 17723




Argentina 5700 5800 5800 5850 5800 6005 6144 6117 6180 6166 6199 6245 6293 6249 6541

Brazil 12920 10174 10333 11519 10171 11603 8599 9275 9229 9306 9333 9359 9399 9418 9439

Chile 2147 2185 2211 2279 2322 2401 2457 2488 2501 2513 2526 2544 2557 2568 2582

Uruguay 435 470 478 472 474 489 502 512 517 522 529 536 543 550 558

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 3434 3329 3250 3212 3050 3339 3585 3682 3732 3801 3879 3962 4036 4110 4196

China 104500 102000 101000 101000 100547 100092 99556 99380 98273 98110 98441 98263 97492 97017 96665

India 70253 71960 72140 73713 75200 76704 76590 78284 78740 79967 80607 81194 82473 83224 83960

Indonesia 4280 4519 4770 5037 5070 5098 5168 5217 5270 5304 5338 5371 5411 5457 5499

Iran 14900 15050 15250 15400 15500 15646 15811 15963 16148 16291 16380 16506 16688 16851 16983

Malaysia 1200 1220 1238 1290 1310 1347 1372 1380 1384 1395 1406 1419 1433 1446 1460

Pakistan 20384 20685 21311 21675 22000 22764 23142 23480 23937 24357 24716 25110 25527 25900 26286

Saudi Arabia 2346 2796 2763 2686 2670 2716 2749 2793 2850 2909 2951 2996 3045 3089 3126


38

Table 15 Word CIS Coarse Grains snd, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Production 57728 65149 57445 61083 53895 59872 61061 62132 63152 63521 63275 63298 63713 64080 64334

Imports 1665 1245 1174 1076 1727 1674 1272 1560 1575 1604 1624 2023 1637 2004 2039

Consumption 57054 58003 51371 53275 53413 54823 54556 54394 54876 55852 56441 56435 56536 56818 56907

Ending stocks 7071 6943 5180 5627 4236 6189 6551 6442 6595 6848 6752 6640 6755 6892 6893

Exports 5788 8519 9011 8437 3600 4769 7416 9407 9698 9020 8554 8998 8698 9129 9464

Trade balance 4123 7274 7837 7361 1873 3095 6144 7847 8123 7416 6930 6975 7061 7125 7425

SPECIFIC .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


Cow inventory, 000 hd .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Crush, kt .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Feed, kt 37717 39722 33659 35941 35996 37188 37034 36940 37549 38561 39197 39242 39375 39691 39833

Food, kt 6488 5964 5615 5582 5400 5599 5620 5586 5465 5455 5452 5400 5342 5282 5218

Other use, kt 12782 12234 12014 11680 11950 11961 11820 11784 11767 11723 11661 11641 11638 11633 11626

Yield .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

PRICES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

World Price, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Weighted average or Producer price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


Import price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

RATIO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..



39

Table 16 Word CIS Wheat snd, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Production 61655 86576 92370 85039 90980 92596 92464 92609 94068 95431 96664 98017 99413 100691 101862

Imports 7770 4647 4526 4658 4843 4881 4900 4913 4910 4912 4913 4911 4907 4912 4914

Consumption 68565 73517 74333 71259 72787 73464 74357 74854 74637 74597 74571 74520 74660 75019 75318

Ending stocks 12013 13778 15113 10840 10764 13409 13372 12178 11881 12153 12289 12489 12568 12747 12830

Exports 8045 15941 21228 22711 23112 21368 23045 23861 24637 25474 26869 28209 29581 30405 31374

Trade balance 275 11294 16702 18053 18269 16487 18145 18948 19727 20562 21956 23298 24674 25493 26461

SPECIFIC .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


Cow inventory, 000 hd .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Crush, kt .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Feed, kt 22544 26051 27178 25611 26941 27189 27847 28343 28377 28459 28501 28444 28539 28879 29142

Food, kt 31885 32624 32408 31658 31873 32206 32496 32553 32357 32290 32278 32339 32440 32514 32606

Other use, kt 14136 14842 14747 13990 13973 14069 14014 13959 13903 13848 13792 13737 13681 13626 13571

Yield .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

PRICES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

World Price, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Weighted average or Producer price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


Import price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

RATIO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..



40

Table 17 Word Coarse Grain Export, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


World 111410 111989 110315 111492 123412 111696 111197 111423 112858 114921 116831 119566 122072 125101 126943

OECD 76035 70334 80155 74816 86515 76856 72763 72300 73485 76506 77500 79184 81870 84160 84694

Non-OECD 35375 41655 30160 36676 36897 34840 38434 39123 39373 38415 39331 40382 40201 40941 42249

Developed 82866 79591 91198 83959 91021 82438 81650 83535 84926 87071 87590 89721 92046 94733 95584


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 4541 3889 5218 4734 5030 5027 4918 4535 4589 4595 4933 4780 4764 4821 4804

United States 53757 51409 59776 58448 70597 57535 51306 49290 49082 51740 53026 54533 57206 59873 60482

Australia 7839 5226 6111 2628 2738 6232 6881 6847 6935 6969 7118 7252 7383 7501 7671

New Zealand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mexico 2 2 46 196 86 169 305 257 216 260 269 253 250 259 258

Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Japan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Turkey 295 264 604 209 64 76 88 100 112 124 136 148 160 172 184

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 9601 9544 8400 8600 8000 7818 9266 11270 12551 12819 12018 12217 12106 11534 11296

CIS 5788 8519 9011 8437 3600 4769 7416 9407 9698 9020 8554 8998 8698 9129 9464

Russia 2474 1133 1789 1672 1700 1208 1801 2460 2538 1818 996 1135 849 1133 1128

Ukraine 2710 6755 6601 6272 980 3361 5415 5991 6096 6255 6708 7109 7256 7468 7821

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Egypt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0




Argentina 11082 13923 9045 15230 15366 12124 12424 13336 13795 13640 13851 14568 15279 15793 16492

Brazil 3870 5166 1094 1501 9084 8054 7647 4484 4367 4633 5664 5499 5418 5271 5357

Chile 86 101 83 107 115 124 134 143 152 162 171 180 190 199 208

Uruguay 120 60 81 90 160 190 124 129 109 94 88 73 48 25 10

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

China 7723 7617 3756 5413 1040 1869 1765 1717 1468 1354 1275 1290 1224 1198 1175

India 750 300 325 225 425 444 446 446 448 450 450 453 452 454 455

Indonesia 100 100 100 100 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120

Iran 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Malaysia 7 7 8 10 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 0 0 0 0

Pakistan 5 0 0 0 0 74 121 164 161 143 118 91 72 45 0

Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


41

Table 18 Word Coarse Grain Food Consumption, 1,000 tons

Time 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


World 193499 195134 194398 203805 206771 206436 208505 211382 214065 217389 220475 223012 225015 228080 230345

OECD 46337 48575 46732 50562 54157 49421 49056 49862 50110 50115 50451 50475 50618 50679 50763

Non-OECD 147162 146559 147666 153243 152615 157015 159449 161520 163955 167274 170024 172536 174397 177400 179582

Developed 41927 43224 42870 43390 45279 42218 42198 42073 42074 42339 42423 42396 42459 42473 42456


OECD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Canada 2092 2014 1557 1622 1901 1226 1377 1396 1451 1545 1573 1599 1626 1650 1676

United States 5814 5831 5850 5841 8370 5992 6044 5999 6009 6055 6081 6081 6107 6128 6160

Australia 197 199 197 161 227 224 167 169 172 176 179 181 184 187 190

New Zealand 13 10 13 17 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14

Mexico 14344 14801 12996 16295 17888 16350 16008 16879 16996 16719 16948 16939 16955 16929 16941

Korea 384 373 371 339 293 366 377 378 385 402 413 422 432 442 452

Japan 214 315 209 214 214 214 214 214 213 213 213 213 213 212 212

Turkey 1171 1191 1202 1222 1229 1231 1239 1250 1274 1307 1336 1352 1371 1398 1429

EUROPE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

European Union-27 21991 23748 24236 24754 23922 23707 23519 23465 23496 23585 23593 23575 23616 23618 23588

CIS 6488 5964 5615 5582 5400 5599 5620 5586 5465 5455 5452 5400 5342 5282 5218

Russia 3917 3531 3325 3352 3300 3412 3418 3379 3227 3177 3153 3084 3000 2915 2836

Ukraine 1551 1410 1271 1248 1081 1168 1168 1162 1171 1189 1197 1205 1217 1228 1235

AFRICA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Algeria 640 650 665 670 670 689 697 703 716 733 746 758 772 786 798

Egypt 3486 3561 3627 3681 3735 3838 3877 3900 3968 4060 4129 4191 4269 4342 4402




Argentina 215 395 300 324 284 360 373 385 401 417 433 447 463 479 494

Brazil 6572 6114 6453 6091 6235 7762 8155 8642 8371 8591 8896 8955 9083 9378 9781

Chile 277 287 297 307 319 325 328 331 336 342 347 351 356 361 366

Uruguay 106 108 110 111 112 114 114 114 115 117 117 118 119 120 121

ASIA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Bangladesh 217 240 258 291 307 316 319 320 325 333 339 344 350 356 361

China 18673 19026 16934 19362 16815 16192 16084 16172 16186 15904 15642 15418 15125 14738 14367

India 24763 23253 23468 23476 23835 23612 24005 23859 24247 24671 24738 25057 24547 25130 25009

Indonesia 6141 6225 6324 6385 6487 6621 6650 6638 6719 6846 6915 6957 7029 7101 7157

Iran 100 102 102 102 102 104 105 105 106 108 109 110 111 113 113

Malaysia 45 45 45 47 47 49 49 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

Pakistan 1400 1519 1345 1719 1117 1762 1715 1733 1782 1820 1836 1852 1883 1913 1933

Saudi Arabia 95 96 96 96 96 99 100 100 102 105 106 108 110 112 114


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