gram positive bacteria
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GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA. Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology March 2004 Amy Fayette. What is the major source of infection with Listeria monocytogenes?. Silage pH over 5.5. What is the morphology of rhodococcus equi?. Gram + Some rods, some cocci. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA
Ross University School of Veterinary MedicineBacteriologyMarch 2004Amy Fayette
What is the major source of infection with Listeria monocytogenes?
• Silage
• pH over 5.5
What is the morphology of rhodococcus equi?
• Gram +
• Some rods, some cocci
What is a synonym of C. pseudotuberculosis?
• C. ovis
What is the most common sign of C. pseudotuberculosis in horses?
• Ulcerative lymphangitis• Abscesses and swellings in lnn. That burst and
leave ulcers
What are the host factors behind rhodococcus equi?
• Age- 6 weeks
• Breed lines
What is the bacteria that causes listeriosis?
• Listeria monocytogenes
What is the most common sign of C. pseudotuberculosis in sheep?
• Pus filled lymph nodes
What are the forms of disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes?
• Neural disease- meningoencephalitis
• Septicemia
• Abortion
• Mastitis
What is the morphology of typical corynebacterium spp.?
• Small gram + rods
• Club-shaped swellings at one or both ends
• “chinese lettering”
What is the morphology of Actinomyces?
• Gram +
• Slender rods
What causes cystitis and pyelonephritis in cattle and “pizzle rot” in sheep and
goats?• Corynebacterium renale group
• C. renale • C. pilosum• C. cystidis
What is the disease forms associated with Actinomyces suis?
• Habitat is prepuce and urethra of boar
• Disease only in sow, causing cystitis and pyelonephritis
How is tetanus diagnosed?
• Clinical signs
• Discovery of appropriate wound
What is the morphology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
• Gram +
• slender rods
What is the main cause of pizzle rot in sheep?
• High protein diet
What are the main forms of erysipelas in pigs?
• Septicemia
• Diamond skin lesions (urticaria)
• Endocarditis
• arthritis
What is the disease associated with Actinomyces bovis in horses?
• Infection of bursae in horses
• “poll evil” or “fistulous withers”
What is the bacteria associated with Swine erysipelas?
• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
What is the morphology of Listeria monocytogenes?
• Small gram + rods
• May be coccoid
How is Listeria typically enriched in the laboratory?
• “cold enrichment”
What is the morphology of Arcanobacterium pyogenes?
• Small gram + rods
• Resemble corynebacterium
What is the disease associated with Actinomyces bovis in cattle?
• “lumpy jaw”
• Caused by erupting teeth or abrasive food
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
sordellii?
• Isolated from sudden deaths, and “big head” in rams
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
botulinum in wild birds?• “limberneck”- ingestion of rotting vegetation
and dead invertebrates
• Ingestion of dead fish
What are the signs associated with rhodococcus equi?
• Bronchopenumonia
• Extensive anscessation and lymphangitis
• Necrotizing enterocolitis with ulceration
What is the disease forms associated with Nocardia asteroides?
• Cattle• mastitis
• Dogs, cats• aspiration of organisms• Blood stained purulent fluid in pleural cavity
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
perfringes Type A?
• Gas gangrene (man and occasionally animals)
• Food Poisoning (man
• Colitis in horses
• Necrotic enteritis in chickens
• Enterotoxemic jaundice in lambs
What is another name for Rhodococcus equi?
• Corynebacterium equi
What are the predisposing factors of dermatophilus congolensis?
• Prolonged rainfall
• Humid conditions
• Heavy tick infestation
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
perfringes Type B?• Lamb dysentery
• 2d-2wks old• Causes severed diarrhea sometimes with blood
• Neonatal hemorrhagic enteritis in calves and foals
• Enterotoxemia in adult sheep and goats
What is the morphology of dermatophilus congolensis?
• Gram + rods
• Branching filaments
• Motile zoospores
What is the significance of Corynebacterium bovis?
• Commensal of bovine udder
• Provokes neutrophil response, thought to protect the udder from more serious infections
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
perfringes Type C?
• Hemorrhagic enterotoxemia- esp. in neonatal piglets, lambs, foals and calves
• Necrotic enteritis- chicks under 2 weeks
• Enterotoxemia in post weaning/ adult sheep in Britain and adult goats
What is the general lesion produced by actinomyces spp.?
• Pyogranulomatous lesions
• Presence of hard “sulfur granules”
What is the morphology of bacillus spp.?
• Large gram+ rods
• Aerobic or facultative anaerobic
• Sporeforming
• Catalase +
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
perfringes Type D?
• Enterotoxemia (“pulpy kidney”)• Associated with change in diet usually for better• Increases cerebral pressure which causes nervous
signs• Also causes hydropericardium, and edema of lungs• Hyperglycemia, and glucosuria
• Enterotoxemia in goats and possibly cattle
What are the cultural characteristics of streptococcus?
• Facultative anaerobes
• Catalase neg (staph catalase pos)
What are the cultural characteristics of Actinomyces?
• Anaerobic or microaerophilic- some CO2 prefered
What are the disease forms associated with Staph hyicus?
• “Greasy pig disease”
• “exudative epidermitis”
• Primarily in Suckling piglets
• Excessive sebaceous secretion
• Subacute disease- thickening and wrinkling of skin
What is the disease forms associated with bovine farcy?
• Nocardia sp.
• Infection of the lymphatics of the lower limbs or head of cattle
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
perfringes Type E?• Enteritis/enterotoxemia in calves and lambs
What is the morphology of Nocardia spp.
• Slender gram + rods and filaments
• Modified acid-fast
What are some synonyms of dermatophilus congolensis?
• Cattle- dermatophilosis, streptothricosis, senkobo skin disease
• Sheep- lumpy wool, mycotic dermatitis, strawberry footrot
• Horse- rain scald
What are the disease forms associated with staph intermedius?
• Pyoderma in dogs and cats
• Lesions in skin folds
• Otitis externa
What is the disease forms associated with B. anthracis?
• Septicemia with sudden death
• Dark, tarry unclotted blood oozing from orifices
• Spleen is greatly enlarged
What is the disease forms associated with Actinomyces hordeovulneris?
• Injury by grass awns
• Local abscesses and serositis
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
piliforme?
• Was: bacillus piliformis
• Aka: tyzzers disease
• Enteritis of lower small intestine and proximal large intestine and focal necrosis of liver
• Disease seen in young animals
What are the three most common streptococci associated with bovine
mastitis?
• S. agalactiae
• S. dysgalactiae
• S. uberis
What is the disease forms associated with dermatophilus congolensis?
• Scab and crust formation with shallow clean wound underneath
What is the disease forms associated with Arcanobacterium pyogenes?
• “summer mastitis”
• Transmission by flies
• Non-lactating heifers and cows
• Abscesses, empyemas and pyogranulomas
What is the disease forms associated with Streptococcus suis?
• Meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia, and septicemia in pigs
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
spiroforme?• Spontaneous diarrhea in weanling rabbits
• Antibiotic-induced diarrhea in adult rabbits
• Enterocolitis in foals and pigs
What is the disease forms associated with B. cereus?
• Mastitis
• Abortion
• Conjunctivitis
What is the disease forms associated with Actinomyces viscosus?
• Chronic pyogranulomatous lesions of skin
• Sero-sanguineous purulent fluid in the pleural cavity
What is the disease forms associated with Streprococcus equi subspecies
zooepidemicus?• Metritis, abortion, navel ill/joint ill
What is the morphology of Mycobacterium
• Slender rods
• Gram +
• Acid fast
• Straight or slightly curved
• Strictly aerobic
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium difficile?
• Antibiotic-induced enterocolitis in man, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs
• Spontaneous diarrhea in dogs, foals and pigs
What is the morphology of staphylococcus?
• Gram + cocci
• “bunches of grapes”
• Coagulase +
• Catalase +
• Facultative anaerobe
• Tolerates high NaCl
How is infection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis acquired?
• Ingestion of infected feed or water
What is the causative agent behind “strangles”
• Streptococcus equi subspecies equi
What is thought to influence the onset of signs associated with
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis?
• stress
What is the number 1 cause of mastitis?
• Staph aureus
What is the disease forms associated with S. equi subspecies equi?
• Nasal discharge, inflammation of mucosa of nasopharynx
• Bastard strangles- widespread abscessation in a variety of organs
• Purpura hemorrhagica- immune mediated vasculitis, SQ edema, petechial hemorrhages
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
chauvoei?• Aka. Blackleg, quarter evil, blackquarter
• Blackening of the muscle and gas build up
• High temp
• Depressed and lame
What is the disease forms associated with Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis?• Chronic enteritis of ruminants
• Chronic wasting disease with intermittent diarrhea• Edema and thickening of ileo-cecal valve• Edema of mesenteric lnn.
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
botulinum in ruminants?• Phosphorus deficiency leading to depraved
appetite where animals eat bones of dead animals
• “forage poisoning”- preserved food contains toxin from rotting bodies of dead rodents
What is the disease forms associated with B. larvae?
• Foulbrood in bees
What is the disease forms associated with Streptococcus porcinus?
• Abscessation of lnn. especially of head in pigs
What are the disease forms associated with Clostridium
septicum?
• Aka. Malignant edema, braxy
• Common, active post morten invader
• Gains entry by soil contamination of wounds
• Muscle dark brown to black
• Little gas formation
What is the morphology of streptococcus?
• Gram + cocci
• Pairs or chains
What is the pathology behind Braxy?
• Clostridium septicum
• Caused by eating of frozen grass
• Damages wall of abomasum
What human disease is thought to be associated with Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis?• Crohn’s disease
What is the disease forms associated with B. licheniformis?
• Abortion
What diseases are caused by the two types of clostridium novyi
• Type A- “gas gangrene”, “big head” in rams
• Type B- “black disease” in sheep
What is the disease forms associated with Clostridium tetani?
• “tetanus”
• Lock jaw in humans and animals
• Overstimulation of motor neurons which causes a rigidity of extensors
What is the disease forms associated with Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subspecies equisimilis?
• Misc pyogenic infections in many species of animals
What are the disease forms associated with “big head”
• Clostridium novyi Type A
• Edematous swelling of head and neck after infection due to trauma to the SQ tissues of the head
What types of injuries typically cause tetanus?
wounds
horn disbudding
castration/emasculation
navel
What is the morphology of clostridium?
• Large gram + rods
• Spore forming
• Anaerobic
• Catalase neg
What are the disease forms associated with “black disease”?
• Aka. Infectious necrotic hepatitis
• Clostridium novyi Type B
• Organisms lodge in liver following ingestion
• Multiply in lesions formed by liver flukes
• Increased necrosis of liver and sudden death
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
botulinum in equines?• “forage poisoning”- preserved food contains
toxin from rotting bodies of dead rodents
• “shaker foal syndrome”- organisms multiply in necrotic lesions in the gastro-intestinal tract
What is the disease forms associated with Streptococcus canis?
• Neonatal septicemia and metritis
What are the disease forms associated with clostridium
haemolyticum?• Was called C. novyi Type D
• Aka. Bacillary hemoglobinuria
• Can produce toxin when multiplying in areas of liver necrosis usually due to fluke migration
• Hemoglobinuria, anemia, pale and raised purple areas