grammar 2 chapter 08
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Preview8-1 Connecting ideas with and8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or8-3 Connecting ideas with so8-4 Using auxiliary verbs after but and and8-5 Using and + too, so, either, neither8-6 Connecting ideas with because8-7 Connecting ideas with even though/although
CONTENTS
![Page 2: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
Elephants eat leaves and brush.
![Page 3: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
Flounder are fish all fish live in water.
Flounder are fish. All fish live in water.
CORRECT
![Page 4: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
Carrots onions and celery are vegetables.
Carrots onions and celery are vegetables.
CORRECT
, ,
![Page 5: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
We had salmon, asparagus,
and salad for dinner.
![Page 6: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
(b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear., ,
![Page 7: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
and connects two words NO COMMA
and connects three or more COMMAS
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
(b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear., ,
![Page 8: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.,
![Page 9: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
and connects two sentences COMMA
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.,
![Page 10: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear.
(e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.
.
![Page 11: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear.
(e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.
.
period two complete sentences no “and”
no comma
![Page 12: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger.
COMMANO COMMA
COMMAS?
![Page 13: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish.
COMMANO COMMA
COMMAS?
,
![Page 14: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
COMMANO COMMA
COMMAS?
![Page 15: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
COMMANO COMMA
COMMAS?
, ,
![Page 16: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
I studied for the test, but I failed.
![Page 17: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(a) The team played well but didn’t win.
(b) Is it going to rain or snow?
(c) Would you like peas carrots squash?
and, but and or “conjunctions”
connect items
commas series of three or more
, , or
![Page 18: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(d) I had the flu but I didn’t feel sick.
(e) Did you have the flu or was it just a cold?
I had the flu. = a sentenceI didn’t feel sick. = a sentence
,
,
two complete sentences with but or or
comma
![Page 19: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
andbut or
COMMANO COMMA+
I love to eat ice cream ____
it gives me a stomachache.
![Page 20: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
I love to eat ice cream ____
it gives me a stomachache.
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
but,
andbut or
COMMANO COMMA+
![Page 21: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
and ,
andbut or
COMMANO COMMA+
She goes to school, studies hard ____
gets good grades.
![Page 22: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
andbut or
COMMANO COMMA+
Would you like an apple ____ a banana.
![Page 23: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
or
andbut or
COMMANO COMMA+
Would you like an apple ____ a banana.
![Page 24: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
Rajiv got a new bike, so he went for a
ride.
![Page 25: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
, so
two independent clauses
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
![Page 26: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
So results:
cause: She was tired.
result: She took a nap.
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
![Page 27: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
(b) COMPARE: She was tired, but she didn’t take a nap.
but unexpected result
![Page 28: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
sobut
He was frightened, ___ he didn’t cry.but
![Page 29: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
She was lonely, ___ she
hugged her stuffed monkey.
so
sobut
![Page 30: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
His mother told him not to play in the mud,
___ he didn’t listen.but
sobut
![Page 31: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
He likes pizza, but I don’t.
![Page 32: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
(a) I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
(b) I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
(c) I won’t be leaving, but Nazan will.
(d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t.
(e) She isn’t at school, but he is.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
does = play tennis
![Page 33: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
(f) I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
(g) I like racketball, and Jim does too.
(h) I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
(i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too.
(j) She isn’t at school, and he isn’t either.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
![Page 34: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative
I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
negative + and + negative
negative + and + negative
![Page 35: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
I love to ski, but my sister does too.
CORRECT
I love to ski, and my sister does too.
![Page 36: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
The man is cooking, but the woman isn’t.
![Page 37: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram does.
CORRECT
Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram has.
![Page 38: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Ms. Poulos plays the violin,
and her daughter does too.
![Page 39: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(a) Hyun likes dogs, and Sun Hee does too. subj + aux + TOO
(b) Hyun likes dogs, and so does Sun Hee.SO + aux + subj
same meaning
![Page 40: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either.
subj + aux + EITHER
(d) Bill doesn’t like dogs, and neither does Jay.
NEITHER + aux + subj
same meaning
![Page 41: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I am too.
same meaning
(e) I’m happy that we are cooking together. So am I.
(f) I’m happy that we are cooking together.
![Page 42: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I don’t either.
(g) I don’t like bread.
Neither do I.
(h) I don’t like bread.
same meaning
![Page 43: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Me too.
(i) I like fruit.
Me neither.
(j) I don’t like bread.
informalEnglish
![Page 44: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Emma Jay
Amy
too
Amy is wearing highheels, and _______________________.
Emmais too
June
![Page 45: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
June
Emma Jay
Amy
Amy wears highheels, and _______________________.
so doesEmma
so
![Page 46: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
June
Emma Jay
Amy
Jay doesn’t havelong hair, and________________.neither does Amy
neither
![Page 47: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
They are happy because they bought a new house.
![Page 48: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(a) She is smiling because she is happy.
because cause reason
![Page 49: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
complete sentence
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling.
(c) ADVERB CLAUSE: because she is happy.
because + subject + verb = an adverb clause
complete sentence
![Page 50: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
main clause + no comma + adverb clause
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
MAIN CLAUSEADVERB CLAUSE
adverb clause + comma + main clause
![Page 51: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
MAIN CLAUSEADVERB CLAUSE
same meaning
![Page 52: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(f) INCORRECT IN WRITING:
She is smiling. Because she is happy.
must be connected to a main clause
Written?
![Page 53: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(g) CORRECT IN SPEAKING:
Why is helaughing?
Because I told him a joke.
![Page 54: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT?OR
Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick.
CORRECT
Her eyes are watering ________________.
OR
Because she is sick, __________________her eyes are watering.
because she is sick
![Page 55: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
The woman is happy because she loves her English class.
![Page 56: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH
Even though we were tired,
we didn’t rest.
![Page 57: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry. I did not cry even though I was very sad.
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH
![Page 58: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry. I did not cry even though I was very sad.
(b) Although I was very sad, I didn’t cry. I did not cry although I was very sad.
even thoughalthough
samemeaning
adverb clause
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH
+
![Page 59: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
(c) Because I was very sad, I cried.
(d) Even though I was very sad, I did not cry.
because expected result
even thoughalthough
unexpected result
COMPARE:
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH
![Page 60: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
8-7 LET’S PRACTICE
even thoughbecause
___________ I wanted to become a doctor, I
went to medical school.
Because
![Page 61: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
8-7 LET’S PRACTICE
___________ it was difficult
to become a doctor, I did it anyway.
Even though
even thoughbecause
![Page 62: Grammar 2 chapter 08](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052601/558c358bd8b42a74458b45ac/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
6262
PHOTO CREDITS
Images used under license from:• Shutterstock, Inc. • Clipart, Inc.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.