grammar 3b
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GRAMÁTICA
Español 3Ana Smith
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Table of Contents
• Conditional• Perfect Tense– Present– Past– Irregulars– Subjunctive Perfect
• Tan y Tanto• Impersonal Se• Saber vs. Conocer
• Commands• Subjunctive• Impersonal
Expressions• Expressions of
Emotions• Conjunctions of Time• Demonstrative
Adjectives and Pronouns
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Conditional
ía íamos
ías
ía ían
Used for:-possibility-probability-wonder-”Would, could, must have, or probably
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Conditional Irregularsponer Yo
pondría
poner Yo pondría
decir Yo diría
haber Yo habría
salir Yo saldría
hacer Yo haría
poder Yo podría
tener Yo tendría
querer Yo querría
valer Yo valdría
saber Yo sabría
venir Yo vendría
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Present Perfect
haberPast
participle
Pronoun haber
yo he
tú has
el, ella, usted ha
nosotros hemos
vosotros habéis
ellos, ellas, ustedes
han
-ar… ado-er…ido-ir…ido
Example:-He estudiando español por tres años
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Present Perfect Irregularsabrir abierto
cubrir cubierto
decir dicho
escribir escrito
hacer hecho
morir muerto
poner puesto
resolver resuelto
romper
roto
ver visto
volver
vuelto
ir ide
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Past Perfect
haberPast
participle
Pronoun haber
yo había
tú habías
el, ella, usted había
nosotros habíamos
vosotros habíais
ellos, ellas, ustedes
habían
-ar… ado-er…ido-ir…ido
Example:-Juan dijo que había viajado a México
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Subjunctive Perfect
Pronoun haberyo hayatú hayasel, ella, usted hayanosotros hayamosvosotros hayíaisellos, ellas, ustedes hayan
haberPast
participle
Example:-Dudo que lo hayas hecho.
-ar… ado-er…ido-ir…ido
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Tan and Tanto
tan Adjective (adverb)
como
Tanto
(-a, -os, -as)
noun
como
-Example: El libro es tan bueno como la película.
-Example: Pedro tiene tanto dinero como Roberto.
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•Does not refer to a specific person, but states an action
-Example•Se habla español aqui.•Spanish is spoken here
Se Impersonal
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Saber
To know facts and information
• Yo sé la capital de Argentina.
To know of published work, people, place
• Yo conozco tu.
Conocerverses
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Formal Commands
•take off the "o"
•add the opposite suffix
•put into "yo" form
•verb in infinitive form
bailar bailo
bail
baile/
bailen
•take off the "o"
•add the opposite suffix
•put into "yo" form
•verb in infinitive form
vender vendo
vendvenda/ venda
n
•To make into a negative formal command, simply place “no”
before the verb
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Irregular Formal CommandsTener -> tenga, tengan
Vengar -> venga, vengan
Dar -> dé, denDecir -> diga
Ir -> vaya, vayan
Ser -> sea, sean
Hacer-> haga, hagan
Estar -> esté, estén
Saber -> sépa, sepan
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Tú Affirmative Commands• Conjugate infinitive to the tú form and
drop the “s”• Examples
-Comer: come -Hablar: habla
IRREGU
LARS
decir di
hacer haz
ir ve
poner pon
salir sal
tener ten
venir ven
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Tú Negative Commands• “Yo” form then drop the “o”• Add opposite tú ending• Examples
-Comer: no comas -Hablar: no hables
IRREGU
ALRS
Tener tengas
Venir vengas
Decir digas
Ir vayas
Ser sayas
Hacer hagas
Estoy estes
Saber sepas
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Nosotros Commands
• Drop the “o”
• Add opposite nosotros ending
• Put into “yo” form
• Verb in infinitive form
comer como
comcomamos
For reflexive verbs:Drop the final “s” of command before attatching reflexive pronoun-levantemos nos levantémonos
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IOP/ DOP PlacementCommands
• Attatch directle to end of imperative form of verb– Example: Cómpralo
• If both IO and DO object pronouns are attatched, IO comes before DO– Example: Cómprelo Ud.
Cómprelelo Ud.
Negative Commands
• Object pronouns come before command form ov verb– Example: No lo compre.
• If both IO and DO object pronouns, IO comes before DO– Example: No me lo
compre.
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indicitive
facts real difinitive
hablar hablo habl- hable
Infinitive Yo form Take off ending
Add opposite
vowel
subjunctive
Doubt, disbelief
hypothetical uncertain
Present Subjunctive
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Subjunctive Irregulars
tenertenga
Tvenir
venga
V
estar
este
E saber
sepa
Sser
sea
S hacer
haga
Hdecir
diga
Dir
vaya
I
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Impersonal Expressions
Es bueno que…
Es importante que…
Es malo que…
Es mejor que…
Es necessario que…
Es urgente que…
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Expressions of Emotionwith present subjunctive
es ridículo que...
es triste que...
es una lástima que...
espero que...
Me alegro de que...
Ojalá que...
Siento que...
Tengo miedo de que...
Examples:
•Nos alegramos de que te gustan las flores.•Siento que tú no puedas venir mañana.•Le sorprende que Juan sea tan joven.
• Used to express hope, joy, fear, surprise, etc.
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así que as soon as
cuando when
en cuanto
as soon as
Despues do que after
luego que
as soon as
hasta que until
Conjunctions of Time
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Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives
• Always agree in number and gender• Example used as a pronoun:
– Yo quiero aquil• I want that over there.
• Example used as an adjective– Yo quiero el postre aquil.
• I want that desert over there.
Este Esta
Ese Esa
Aquel Aquella
Estos Estas
Esos Esas
Aquellos Aquellas
Singular Plural
This
That
That (over there)
These
Those
Those (over there)
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
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AL FINALPor Ana Smith