By: Brenda Wnukowski

7th Period

1. Present tense (ar, er, ir)

2. Stem changers

3. Irregular “Yo”

4. Saber vs. Conocer

5. Reflexives

6. “Se” Impersonal

7. Dipthongs

8. Verbs like

ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir

9. Hace+___+ que + ____

10. Imperfecto

11. Preterite

12. Spock

13. Chuchara

14. Snake y Snakey

15. Imperfect vs Preterite

16. Futuro

o

as

a

amos

áis

an

aro

es

e

emos

éis

en

ero

es

e

imos

ís

en

irYo

tú

él/ella/ usted

Nosotros

Vosotros

Ellos/ellas/ustedes

“E” se convierte a “ie”

“E” se convierte a “I”

“O” se convierte a “ue”

“U” se convierte a “ue”

Contar (o:ue)

cuento

cuentas

cuenta

contamos

contáis

cuentan

Entender (e:ie)

entiendo

entiendes

entiende

entendemos

entendéis

entienden

Medir (e:i)

mido

mides

mide

medimos

medéis

miden

Jugar (u:ue)

juego

juegas

juega

jugamos

jugáis

juegan

Verbs that change to “go” in present form –

caer, decir, oir, poner, tener, hacer, venir, and traer

Verbs that change to “zco” in present form –

conocer, producir, conducir

Others – Ser, estar, ir, ver, saber, dar

“Go” VerbsTener -> Tengo

Poner -> Pongo

Caer -> Caigo

Hacer -> Hago

“Zco” VerbsConocer -> Conozco

Producir -> Produzco

OthersSer -> Soy, eres, es, somos

Estar - > Estoy

Ver -> Veo

Saber -> Sé

Dar -> Doy

Saber - To express knowledge or ignorance of a fact or information about something, use "saber."

Conocer - To say that one is or is not acquainted with a person, a place, or an object, use conocer.

Juan sabe donde está María.Juan knows where Maria is.

Yo no sé tu número de teléfono.I don't know your telephone number.

Yo no conozco a María.I don't know (am not acquainted with) Maria.

Alberto y Alfredo conocen Madrid.Alberto and Alfredo know (are acquainted with) Madrid.

A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are

the same

Ex: I wash myself. Subject - I, verb – wash, object –

myself.

Lavar – To wash (non-reflexive)

Lavarse – To wash oneself (reflexive)

Impersonal expressions are used when the subject of a verb

is unspecified (but is human). They are mostly used to

make general statements and to express rules

Se + 3rd person singular

Se habla español aquí. (Spanish is spoken here)

Se prohibe fumar. (Smoking is prohibited)

Diptongos are the combination of two vowels, from

the Spanish-speaking point of view.

Example – bueno (bvooeh-noh)

cuando (kooahn-doh)

feo (feh-oh)

vowel + -cer/-cir verbs: c to zc

consonant + -cer /-cir verbs: c to z

-ger/-gir verbs: g to j

-guir verbs: gu to g

verbs ending in -cer/-cir, -ger/-gir, and -guir

(but not -uir) undergo the same changes that

occur in the yo form of the present

subject (may be implied) + indicative verb + que +

subject (may be implied) + subjunctive verb

Obligar: La ley obliga que asistamos. The law requires

us to attend.

Quiero que salga. (I want him to leave)

Is like a continual action, it can happen more than once. No

specific beginning point or ending.

1. Express what is in the middle of happening at time of narration (We

used to live here)

2. Describes people or things in past tense (My mom was kind and had

a pretty face)

3. Describe state of mind, opinion, or feeling in past. (She was sad)

4. Express time of day in past. (It was at 8 at night)

5. Action interrupted by another (I was walking when my dad called me)

6. To set the stage, describe situation or setting. (The sun was shinning)

ser ver ir

era veía Iba

Eras veías Ibas

Era veía Iba

E’ramos veíamos Íbamos

Erais Veiais Ibais

eran veían iban

ar Er/ir

Aba I’a

Abas I’as

Aba I’a

A’bamos I’amos

Abais I’ais

aban I’an

Irregulars Regulars

Past tense

Trigger words: Ayer, anoche, anteayer, le semana pasada, etc.

Known beginning and/or ending

“Snapshot” of time

- LOS IRREGULARES DE PRETERITOS

Car, gar, zar in yo form

Que’, gue’, ce’

ar Ir/er

E’ í

aste iste

O’ Io’

amos imos

aron ieron

Hace – hice hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron

Ir, ser – fui fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron

Dar, ver – d/v: i, iste, io, imos, ieron

E’, iste, o, imos, ieron – ( “J” verbs – i)

Andar -> anduv Traer -> traj

Estar -> estuv decir -> dij

Poder -> pud

Poner -> pus

Querer -> quis

Saber -> sup

Tener -> tuv

Venir -> vin

Conducir -> conduj

Producir -> produj

Traducir -> traduj

Stem changers (snake) and Y changers (snakey)

SNAKE – Dormir:

dormí, dormiste, dormimos, durmió, durmieron

SNAKEY – Creer, contruir, leer:

leí, leimos, leiste, leyó, leyeron

What was happening: repeated action, process, action being

interrupted, time in the past, or physical descriptions.

What happened: single event, physical action, beginnings,

orinterrupted action.

Infinitive + e’, ás, á, emos, án. ONLY ENDINGS

POSSIBLE

“Will” factor

Ex. Te amare’

Irregulars – decir, haber, hacer, poder, ponerm

querer, saber, salir, tener, valer, y venir.

Immediate Future

Ir + a + infinitive (Voy a salir. – I am going to leave)