grammar book sp3
TRANSCRIPT
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Grammar Book SP3Isabel Vogt
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El Preterito Preterite Triggers Car.Gar.Zar Spock Verbs Snake and Snakey Cucaracha Verbs El Imperfecto Imperfect Triggers Imperfect Irregulars Preterite vs. Imperfect Verbs like Gustar Comparatives and Superlatives Comparative/Superlative Irregulars Estar Ser Transition Words El Futuro Triggers for Future Future Irregulars Par Por
Table of Contexts
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Preterite is used when you are talking about the past -ar é
asteóamosasteisaron
Er/ir í
isteióimosisteisieron
Ex. Ella caminó por el parque.
Preterite
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Words that are used with the preterite to signal the preterite is being used.
Ayer Anteayer Anoche La semana pasada Ex. Ayer lavé mi carro
Trigger words
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Irregular preterite -car –gar –zar only take place in the “yo” form,
otherwise use the regular preterite conjugation Verbs that end in –car conjugate to qué Ex. Sacar saqué, sacaste, sacó, sacamos, sacaron Verbs that end in –gar conjugate to gué Ex. Llegar llegué, llegaste, llegó, llegamos, llegaron Verbs that end in –zar conguate to cé ex. Cruzar crucé, cruzaste, cruzó, cruzamos,
cruzaron
-car –gar –zar
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The “hand” irregulars Ir- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Ser- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Dar- di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron Ver- vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron Hacer- hice, hizo, hicimos,hicieron
Spock Irregular Verbs
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Snake (e>i) pedir, preferir, competir, reptir, servir.
(o>u) dormir, morir, sirvió durmió Snakey Leer, creer, oir I changes to y in 3rd person Leyó Creyó oyó
Snakey + snake verbs
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Andar anduv- Estar estuv- Poder pud- Poner pus- Querer qurs- -e (yo), -iste (tú), -o (el, ella, ud.) Saber sup- -imos (nostros), -ieron (ellos, ellas, uds.) Tener tuv- Venir vin-
Conducir conduj- Producir produj- Traducir traduj- -no i Decir dij Traer traj
Cucaracha Verbs
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Indicates a continuous action Imperfected time Very distant past
El Imperfecto
ía íamos
ías íais
ía ían
-AR -er/ir
aba abamos
abas abais
aba aban
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Imperfect Triggers
Imperfecto
•siempre•A veces•Cada dia•Todos los dias•Mientras•A menudo
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Imperfect Irregularsiba ibamos
ibas ibais
iba iban
era éramos
eras erais
era eran
veía veíamos
veías veíais
veía veían
IR
SER
VER
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Definite time in the past
definite beginning and endingPerfected Time
“snapshot”
Preterite
Very distant past
No definite beginning and endingImperfected time
“movie”
imperfect
Preterite vs. Imperfect
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Verbs like Gustar
Encantar- to love
• Faltar- to fail
Doler- to hurt
• Disgustar- to disgust • Gustar- to like• Interesar- to interest • Molestar- to bother
-Used in the conditional tense to soften a request/ command-When followed by one or more infinitives, singular is used
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Comparatives & superlatives menos adjecti
ve que
adjective
más que
El/la más adjective
de
el menos adjective de
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Comparative/Superlative Irregulars
Bueno- mejor
Malo-peor
Viejo-mayor
Joven-menor
Comparative/Superlative Irregulars
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Estoy Estás Está Estamos Están Use estar when you are talking about the following… H-health E-motion L-location P-resent condition I- Identification N-ar = ando G- er/iedno Ex. La manzana está verde.
Estar
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Soy Eres Es Somos Son Use Ser when you are talking about the following…. D- description O-origin C- characteristics (personality) T- time O-occupation R-relationship P-possession E-events D-dates Ex. Ella es callada.
Ser
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A pesar de •In spite of
aunque •Even though
mientras •while
Transition words
pero •but
Por lo tanto •therefore
Sin embargo •nevertheless
No obstante •nevertheless
También •also
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Infinitive plus ending -ar, -er, & -ir all the same I will, you will, he/she will, they will, we will
Future
-é -emos
-ás -éis
-á -an
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El proximoMañanaEn
Triggers for Future
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Caber—cabr Decir—dir Haber—habr Hacer—har Hay—habrá Poder—podr Poner—pondr Querer—querr Saber—sabr Salir—saldr Tener—tendr Valer—valdr Venir--vendr
Future Irregulars
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Passing through..PORtal General rather than specific
location..PORtugal How long something lasts..PORever An exchange Doing something in place of or instead of
someone else..I'm POoR, pay for me Means of transPORtation
Por
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For whom something is done..surprise PARAty
Destination.. PARAguay The purpose of which something is
done..PARAsite To express an opinion…PARAdon me To contrast of compare To express idea of deadline… PARAmedic
Para