Grammar ‘ 了’ le Chinese --L Cheng

Verb 了1. perfective aspect 了 , or

completed action 了2. It marks the completeness of

an action; 3. Position : after verb 4. Verb + le

Verb 了昨天 我买 了 两个馒头。Yesterday I bought LE two steamed buns Zuótiān wǒ mǎi le liǎng gè mántou.Yesterday I bought two steamed buns.

With quantities

1.to mark quantified verbs

2.the object is a specific quantity or duration 3.for verbs and numbers occurring together

With quantities

我 吃 了 三 块 蛋糕。I eat Le three MW cakeWǒ chī le sān kuài dàngāo.I ate three pieces of cake.

Sentence 了

1.modal 了 and change of state 了2.appears at the end of the sentence3. indicates that a new situation exists; the state of things has changed. 4. In English, ‘now’ or ‘any more’

Sentence 了

天气 冷 了。Weather cold LeTiānqì lěng le.

The weather is now cold

Verb 了 and sentence 了 together

1.it describes what has been completed up till now.2.‘at this point, it’s now the case that x has been done”. ‘so far’ or ‘up till now’.

Verb 了 and sentence 了 together

你 已经 喝 了 十一瓶啤酒了！You already drink Le 11 MW beer LeNǐ yijing hē le shíyī píng píjiǔ le!You’ve had eleven bottles of beer!

Liǎo 了

了 is pronounced liǎo rather than le.

1. literally means ‘finish’, ‘complete’ or ‘achieve’. Liǎo 了 is a verbal complement.

2. It indicates the success or failure of an action, appearing with 得 (positive) or 不 (negative).

Liǎo 了

你来得了吗？Nǐ lái dé liǎo ma?Can you make it?

我看不了啊！Wǒ kàn bù liǎo ā!

I can’t see!

Liǎo 了

And, just to really confuse you, here’s a sentence with sentence 了 and liǎo 了

together:

苹果买不了了！Píngguǒ mǎi bùliǎo le!

You can’t buy apples any more!I.e.

Apples have sold-out!

Summary

Verb 了Is about action.Marks completeness, or perfective aspect.Occurs right after the verb.

Sentence 了 Is about state.Marks a change in state or a new situation.Indicates the relevance of this information to the present.Occurs at the end of the sentence.

Summary

Verb 了 and sentence 了 together Marks what has been done up to now.Indicates that this is the current situation, and the action is on-going.

谢谢 ！谢谢 ！