Grammar Lesson 7

• Vocab:

• Miso- a Greek prefix meaning hatred

• Misogynist- noun, refers to one who hates or distrusts women

• Misoneism- the hatred or intolerance of change

• Misogamist- a person who hates marriage

Concrete, Abstract, and Collective Nouns

• Concrete noun: names a person, place, or thing; can be common or proper

• Abstract noun: names something that cannot be seen or touched, it names something you can think about

• Collective noun: names a collection of persons, places, animals, or things

Grammar Lesson 8

• Vocab:

• Alley- a narrow, back street

• Ally- a confederate or a member of an alliance

Helping Verbs

• Every predicate contains a verb

• The main verb may have one or more helping verbs

• The main verb shows the action, the helping verbs do not show action, but they help to form the verb tense

• Is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, has, have, had, may, might, must, can, could, do, does, did, shall, will, should, would

Grammar Lesson 9

• Vocab:

• Ortho- Greek prefix which means straight, upright, vertical

• Orthodontist- a dentist who straightens teeth

• Orthograde- adjective, means walking with the body upright or vertical

• Orthotics- supports or braces to straighten weak joints or muscles

Singular, Plural, Compound, and Possessive Nouns/ Noun Gender

• Singular or plural: nouns are either singular or plural

• Singular noun: names only one person, place, or thing

• Plural noun: names more than one person, place, or thing

Compound and Possessive

• Compound nouns: made up of two or more words, sometimes written as one word (classroom), often we write them as two words (snow tire), some are hyphenated (brother-in-law)

• Possessive nouns: tell “who” or “what” owns something, can be singular or plural, have an apostrophe and an s added to them (Sam’s)

• Usually only an apostrophe is added to plural nouns when they end with the letter s (elephants’)

Noun Gender

• We also group nouns according to gender

• In English, there are four genders:

• Masculine- uncle, brother, buck

• Feminine- aunt, sister, doe

• Indefinite (either sex)- sibling, horse, deer

• Neuter (no sex)-socks, desk, bicycle