grammar sequence.notebook march 19, 2012 - east …€¦ · · 2012-03-26an independent clause...
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THEPARTSOFSPEECH:"Partsofspeech"isreallyjusttheterminologyweusetoidentifyaword'sFUNCTIONorROLEinasentence.
Youhavetomemorizethetermsifyouhaveanyhopeofunderstandingthepartsofspeechandidentifyingtheminsentences.
Doyouknowthepartsofspeech?
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Understandinghowwordsinteractinasentencewillmakeyouabetter
writer.
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thing
kindofboard
linksboardwithawesometool
describestool
thingthatidentifiesboard
wheretheboardisused
actionaction
place
anidea
identifieswhichboard
Understandinghowwordsinteractinasentencewillmakeyouabetter
writer.
article
noun article adjective verbadjectivenounverb
prep. articlenoun verbnoun
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Everyone
Those
Anybody
Some
This
NoneFew
Who
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ActionVerbs
HelpingVerbsAm Could ShaltIs Should WillAre WouldWas CanWere HasBeing HadBe HaveBeen Shall
LinkingVerbsIsAreWasWereLookSeemBecame
Link a subject with a
description
Help action verbs
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Prepositions
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ReviewingPartsofSpeechBreaktheSentenceDown...
Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Thisiswhysomepeopleappearbrightuntilyouhearthemspeak.
Weneverreallygrowupweonlylearnhowtoactinpublic.
Knowledgeisknowingatomatoisafruit.Wisdomisnotputtingitinafruitsalad.
Eveningnewsiswheretheybeginwith'GoodEvening,'andthenproceedtotellyouwhyitisn'tagoodevening.
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ReviewingPartsofSpeech
IthoughtIwantedanawesomecareer.ItturnsoutIjustwantedawesomepaychecks.
WheneverIfilloutanapplication,inthepartthatsays,'Incaseofemergency,notify:'Iput'aDOCTOR.'
You'renevertoooldtolearnsomethingstupid.
Moneycan'tbuyhappiness,butitsuremakeslifebetterwhenyouaremiserable.
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Reviewing Prepositions
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ListofPrepositions:aboard about above across after against along
alongside at besides except during down following
amid amidst among amongst around as aside
atop barring before behind below beneath beside
between beyond but by circa concerning despitefor from in inside into like minus
near next of off on onto opposite
out outside over past per plus regarding
save since than through throughout till times
to toward towards under underneath unlike until up
upon versus via with within without worth
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Prepositions:
Wejoggedacrossthefield.
Thehousebytheschoolisvacant.
Theteacherstrolledintotheclassroomafterlunch.
Pull
Pull
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Asalesrep,anadministrationclerk,andthemanagerarewalkingtolunch
whentheyfindanantiqueoillamp.TheyrubitandaGeniecomesout.
TheGeniesays,IllgiveeachofyoujustonewishMefirst!Mefirst!
saystheadministrationclerk.IwanttobeintheBahamas,drivinga
speedboat,withoutacareintheworld.Poof!Shesgone.Menext!Me
next!saysthesalesrep.IwanttobeinHawaii,relaxingonthebeach
withmypersonalmasseuse,anendlesssupplyofPinaColadasandthe
loveofmylife.Poof!Hesgone.OK,youreup,theGeniesays
tothemanager.Themanagersays,Iwantthosetwobackintheoffice
afterlunch.
Moralofthestory:Alwaysletyourbosshavethefirstsay.
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WHERE(acrossthefield)WHEN(afterlunch)WHICHONE(bytheschool)
Prepositions
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The first person to write down 20 prepositions is a winner!
1.Don'trelymetoremindyou.2.Iagreedtheteacherforonce.3.Myshoesaresimilaryours.4.Iwasreallyashamedmyself.5.There'snopointinbeingannoyedme.6.Davewassufferingareallybadheadache.7.Don'tgo!Pleasewaitme.8.Thedogjumpedthegatetobiteme!
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PartsofSpeechTriangle
n.n.v.
adj.n.v.adj.n.adv.v.
adj.n.adv.v.prep.n. ReindeerReindeersprint.
Speedyreindeersprint.Speedyreindeeroftensprint.
Speedyreindeeroftensprintinsnow.
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CoordinatingConjunctionsF or
A nd
N or
B ut
O r
Y et
S o
Coordinatingconjunctionslinktwothings.
Let'sgoswimmingorhiking. SavannahandSierraaremychildren. Youarefriendlybutshy.
Coordinatingconjunctionscanalsolinkcompletethoughts.
Sheistired,sosheisstayinghome. Iwasthinkingaboutreading,butIcannotfindmybook.
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Conjunctions: coordinating subordinating
1.Whatdoesitmeantocoordinate?
2.Whatdoessubordinatemean?
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TermstoKnow:
1.Clause:
2.IndependentClause:
3.DependentClause:
4.CoordinatingConjunction:
5.SubordinatingConjunction:
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IgocampingIenjoyreading.
IgocampingIenjoyreading.
and
orwhen even thoughbut
after because
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Amanisgettingintotheshowerjustashiswifeisfinishinguphershower
whenthedoorbellrings.Thewifequicklywrapsherselfinatowelandruns
downstairs.Whensheopensthedoor,therestandsBob,thenextdoorneighbor.
Beforeshesaysaword,Bobsays,Illgiveyou$800todropthattowel.Aftershe
thinksforamoment,thewomandropshertowelandstandsnakedinfrontofBob.
Afterafewseconds,Bobhandsher$800dollarsandleaves.Thewomanwraps
backupinthetowelandgoesbackupstairs.Whenshegetstothebathroom,her
husbandasks,
Whowasthat?
ItwasBobthenextdoorneighbor,shereplies.
Great!thehusbandsays,Didhesayanythingaboutthe$800heowesme?
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SubordinatingConjunctions:Subordinating:
Clause:fancynameforagroupofwords
IndependentClause:acompletegroupofwords=sentence
DependentClause:agroupofwordsthatcan'tstandalone
IwillbeabletodriveIgetolder.
thecharacterfaceschallengessheovercomesthem.
youhelpmeIthinkIcandoit.
Iwillwaitwithyoumymompicksmeup.
when
Although
, ,
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Ablondehadjustgottenanewsportscarandwasoutforadrivewhensheaccidentallycutoffatruck
driver.Hemotionedforhertopulloversothathecouldteachheralesson.
Whenshedid,hegotoutofhistruckandpulledapieceofchalkfromhispocket.Hedrewacircleon
thesideoftheroadandgrufflycommandedtotheblonde,"StandinthatcircleandDON'TMOVE!".
Hethenwenttohercarandcutupherleatherseatssincesheobviouslycaredmoreaboutherselfthan
others'safety.Whenheturnedaroundshehadaslightgrinonherface,sohesaid,"Ohyouthinkthat's
funny?Watchthis!"Beforeshecouldreact,hegotabaseballbatoutofhistruckandbrokeevery
windowinhercar.Whenheturnedandlookedather,shestillhadasmileonherface.Hegrew
increasinglyangrybecauseshewasobviouslynotbotheredbyhisbehavior.So,hegothisknifeback
outandslicedallhertires.Shestartedlaughingashecontinuedtodestroyhercar.Whileshecontinuedto
laugh,hewentbacktohistruckandgotacanofgas,poureditonhercarandsetitonfire.Whenheturned
around,hesawshewaslaughingsohardshewasabouttofalldowneventhoughatthispointhercarwas
destroyed.
Althoughthetruckdriverwasfurious,heasked,"What'ssofunny?"
Theblondereplied,"Everytimeyouweren'tlooking,Isteppedoutsidethecircle!"
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TransitionalWordsalsocalledCONJUNCTIVEADVERBS
Iwantedtogohowever,Iwastoobusy.
Hereisalistofcommonconjunctiveadverbs.
accordingly,furthermore,moreover,similarly,also,hence,namely,still,anyway,however,nevertheless,then,besides,incidentally,thereafter, next,certainly,indeed,nonetheless,therefore,consequently,instead,now,thus,finally,likewise,otherwise,undoubtedly,further,meanwhile.
Asemicolonandacommaareusedtogetherwhenaconjunctiveadverbseparatestwomainclauses.
Thecheckwasformorethanthebalanceconsequently,itbounced.
Thesethingsreallyhappenedotherwise,Iwouldn'thaveclaimedtohaveseenthem.
Inthesesentences,theconjunctiveadverbmaylooklikeacoordinateconjunction(FANBOYS),butitisnotasstrongasacoordinateconjunction.Therefore,thesemicolonisusedtolinkthetwomainclauses,andthecommaisusedtosetofftheconjunctiveadverbfromitsmainclause.
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Asentenceisagroupofwords,madeupofasubjectandverb,whichisacompletethought.
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Whatarethecharacteristicsofaneffectivesentence?
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Somesentencestoconsider:
Thelazycarpetateafalseshovel.
WhenIdancewithmydog.
Yougoing.Ipromisingyou.
Itisinmyopinionthatbecauseofthefactthatitisniceoutside,itwouldmakealotofsenseifwe,allofus,couldgoorplayoutsideinthebackyard.
Becauseitisniceoutside,weshouldplayinthebackyard.
Weshouldenjoythisbeautifulweatherinthebackyard.
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Anindependentclauseexpressesacompletethought.
Anindependentclause,alsoknownasasimplesentence,containsasubjectandaverb.
Connectasubjectandapredicatetocreatesomesimplesentencesbelow.
MycousinMary
droppedthecakelostthegame
Daniel
sawanalienoutsideTheclassroomfullofchildrenisnoisy
Thelittlegirl
seemedsad
TheStructureofaSentence
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SomeexamplesofWORDINESSandREDUNDANCY:
1.Inthequote,itsays...ORThequotesays...
2.Writersusemanypoeticdevicestotalkaboutthings.Thetoneissad.Thetoneisconveyedthroughtheuseofpoeticdevices,assaidinthequote.Twopoeticdevicesusedinthesongarefigurativelanguageandpersonification.Anexampleofthepoeticdeviceoffigurativelanguageisthe"clownshavegonetobed."
Thesadtonein"TheWindCriesMary"iscreatedthroughfigurativelanguageandpersonification.Forexample,Hendrixexplainsthe"clownshavegonetobed."Here,theuseoffigurativelanguagehelps...
3.Thereareemotionsinthesongthroughmanypoeticdevices.Feelingsareexpressedandtherearemanyexamplesofthis.Therearetwoexamplesofpoeticdevices.Anexampleofthisispersonification.
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EliminatingWordinessExercise1Revisethesesentencestostatetheirmeaninginfewerwords.Avoidpassivevoice(whenthesubjectisnotdoinganaction),needlessrepetition,andwordyphrasesandclauses.Thefirstsentencehasbeendoneasanexample.
1.ItisinmyopinionthatmostlikelymanylocalfarmersplantoattendnextFriday'smeeting.
2.AlthoughBradleyHallisregularlypopulatedbystudents,closestudyofthebuildingasastructureisseldomundertakenbythem.
3.Hedroppedoutofschoolonaccountofthefactthatitwasnecessaryforhimtohelpsupporthisfamily.
4.Itisexpectedthatthenewschedulewillbeannouncedbythebuscompanywithinthenextfewdays.
5.Therearemanywaysinwhichastudentwhoisinterestedinmeetingforeignstudentsmaycometoknowone.
6.Itisveryunusualtofindsomeonewhohasnevertoldadeliberatelieonpurpose.6.Rarelywillyoufindsomeonewhohasnevertoldadeliberatelie.
1.ManylocalfarmersplantoattendnextFriday'smeeting.
2.BradleyHallisusuallyfilledwithstudentswhodonotstudythebuildingasastructure.
3.Hedroppedoutofschooltosupporthisfamily.
4.Thebuscompanywillprobablyannounceitsscheduleduringthenextfewdays.
5.Anystudentwhowantstomeetforeignstudentscandosoinmanyways.
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EliminatingWordiness
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1.Troubleiscausedwhenpeopledisobeyrulesthathavebeenestablishedforthesafetyofall.
2.Acampusrallywasattendedbymorethanathousandstudents.Fivestudentswerearrestedbycampuspolicefordisorderlyconduct,whileseveralothersarechargedbycampusadministratorswithorganizingapublicmeetingwithoutbeingissuedapermittodoso.
3.Thesubjectsthatareconsideredmostimportantbystudentsarethosethathavebeenshowntobeusefultothemaftergraduation.
4.Inthenottoodistantfuture,collegefreshmenmustallbecomeawareofthefactthatthereisaneedforthemtomakecontactwithanacademicadviserconcerningthematterofamajor.
5.Inourcompanytherearewideopenopportunitiesforprofessionalgrowthwithacompanythatenjoysanenviablerecordforstabilityinthedynamicatmosphereofaerospacetechnology.
6.Somepeoplebelieveincapitalpunishment,whileotherpeopleareagainstittherearemanyopinionsonthissubject.
Therearepeoplewhoareforandpeoplewhoareagainstcapitalpunishment.
Disobeyingsafetyregulationscausestrouble.
Fiveoutofmorethanathousandstudentsatacampusrallywerearrestedfordisorderlyconduct,andseveralotherswerechargedbycampusadministratorswithorganizingapublicmeetingwithoutapermit.
Studentsthinkthatthemostimportantsubjectsarethosethatwillbeusefulaftergraduation.
Sooncollegefreshmenmustrealizethattheyneedtocontacttheiradvisorsabouttheirchoicesofmajors.
Ourcompanyprovidesopportunitiesforprofessionalgrowthandstabilityinthedynamicfieldofaerospacetechnology.
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Exercise:EliminatingWordinessbyCombiningSentencesDirections:Combineeachsentencegroupintooneconcisesentence.
1.Thecliffdroppedtoreefsseventyfivefeetbelow.Thereefsbelowthesteepcliffwerebarelyvisiblethroughthefog.
2.Theircarisgassedup.Itisreadyforthelongdrive.Thedrivewilltakeallnight.
3.SometimesStanwentrunningwithBlanche.Shewasagoodathlete.Shewasonthetrackteamatschool.
4.TaylorbroughtsomecandybackfromEurope.Itwasn'tshapedlikeAmericancandy.Thecandytastedkindofstrangetohim.
5.Governmentleadersliketomentionthecreationofnewjobs.Theyclaimthatthesenewjobsindicateastrongeconomy.Theydon'tmentionthatlowwagejobswithoutbenefitsandsecurityhavereplacedmanygoodjobs.
Governmentleadersliketomentionthecreationofnewjobs,claimingthatthesejobsindicateastrongeconomy,butignoringthefactthatlowwagejobswithoutbenefitsandsecurityhavereplacedmanygoodjobs.
Thecliffsdroppedtothereefsseventyfivefeetbelow,whichwerebarelyvisiblethroughthefog.
Theircarisgassedupandreadyforanallnightdrive.
TaylorbroughtsomestrangetastingcandybackfromEuropethatwasn'tshapedlikeAmericancandy.
SometimesStanwentrunningwithBlanche,agoodathleteonthetrackteamatschool.
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Createasentenceabout________withthreewords.
Createasentenceabout________withsixwords.
Createasentenceabout________withtenwords.
Createasentenceabout________withfifteenwords.
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FragmentsandRunonsor...
TruckDrivingUSAWithasentencefragment,youdonotgetthewholepicture.
Withasentencefragment,youdonotgetthewholepicture.
EventhoughIhatewakingupforschool
EventhoughIhatewakingupforschool,IhaveagreattimewhenIgetthere.
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RunonsLet'ssaytwotrucksarecruisingdownI90theyneedtokeepasafedistanceapartor...
Thinkofeachtruckasanindividualsentence.Iftheystayasafedistanceapart,alliswell.
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KeepYourSentencesSafe
1.separateintotwosentenceswithPERIODS,QUESTIONMARKSand/orEXCLAMATIONPOINTS
Igocamping.Ienjoyreading.
2.useaSEMICOLON
IgocampingIenjoyreading.
3.useaCONJUNCTION(withaCOMMAifneeded)
Igocamping(,)andIenjoyreading. WhenIgocamping,Ienjoyreading.IenjoyreadingwhenIgocamping. Igocampinghowever,Ienjoyreading.
coordinating conjunction subordinating conjunctionconjunctive adverb (transition)
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Elizabeth,NewJersey,whenmymotherwasbeingraisedthereinaflatoverherfathersgrocerystore,wasanindustrialportaquarterthesizeofNewark,dominatedbytheIrishworkingclassandtheirpoliticiansandthetightlyknitparishlifethatrevolvedaroundthetownsmanychurches,andthoughIneverheardhercomplainofhavingbeenpointedlyilltreatedinElizabethasagirl,itwasnotuntilshemarriedandmovedtoNewarksnewJewishneighborhoodthatshediscoveredtheconfidencethatledhertobecomefirstaPTAgrademother,thenaPTAvicepresidentinchargeofestablishingaKindergartenMothersClub,andfinallythePTApresident,who,afterattendingaconferenceinTrentononinfantileparalysis,proposedanannualMarchofDimesdanceonJanuary30PresidentRooseveltsbirthdaythatwasacceptedbymostschools.
Justbecauseyoucandoesn'tmakeitagoodidea...
Soremember...correctgrammardoesnotequalgoodwriting.
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Practicerecognizingcompletesentences:
Readthelyricsandinyourjournalswritedownthreecompletesentencesandthreefragmentsfromthesong.
CompleteSentence IncompleteSentence
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"WishYouWereHere"byPinkFloyd
So,soyouthinkyoucantellHeavenfromHellblueskiesfrompainCanyoutellagreenfieldfromacoldsteelrailAsmilefromaveilDoyouthinkyoucantellAnddidtheygetyoutotradeyourheroesforghostsHotashesfortreesHotairforacoolbreezeColdcomfortforchangeAnddidyouexchangeawalkonpartinthewarforaleadroleinacageHowIwish,howIwishyouwerehereWe'rejusttwolostsoulsswimminginafishbowl,yearafteryearRunningoverthesameoldgroundWhathavewefoundThesameoldfearsWishyouwerehere
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TypesofSentencesIt'sallaboutthesubjectsandtheverbs...
SimpleSentence:
CompoundSentence:
ComplexSentence:
Compound/ComplexSentence:
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and
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but
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when
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after
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ThePoweroftheSimpleSentenceHestoodatthefoullinebecausetherestoftheplayershadbeen
instructedtogotothesidelines.Thepepbandwassilent,andeventhefansdidn'tcheer.Everyone,infact,watchedbreathlesslyashegrippedthebasketballtightly.Hebouncedittwicebeforeshootingandmakinghisshot.
Hestoodatthefoulline.Hewasalone.Alltheotherplayerswereatthesidelines.Thepepbandwassilent.Nofancheered.Everyonewatchedbreathlessly.Hegrippedtheballtightly.Hebounceditonce.Hebouncedittwice.Heshottheball.Swish.
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BUT...
SIMPLEISNOTALWAYSBETTER...
Theboyhasadog.Theboyhasacat.Thedoghasblackhair.Thecathasredhair.Thedogiscute.Thedogisfriendly.Thedogisabeagle.HisnameisMax.Thecat'snameisbuttons.
Isthisgoodwriting?
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Simplesentencescontainonesubject.Simplesentencescanbeimprovedthroughtheuseofadjectives,adverbsandprepositions,whichoffermoreinformationaboutthesubjectandverbinthesimplesentence.
Expandthefollowingsentences:
1.Avisitorarrived.
2.Thecampersroastedmarshmallows.
3.Thecrowdstared.
4.Abellrang.
5.Thecatlooked_________.
6.Hisfacewas__________.
Rememberlinkingverbslinksubjectswithadescription.
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Addacoordinatingconjunctiontoconnectthetwoindependentclauses.
CompoundSentence:
and nor but for
yet so or
Alistofcoordinatingconjunctions:
Nancywasfeelingveryill, shedecidedtogohome.
Idonotlikethoseshoes, Idolikethematchingpurse.
Ienjoyedwatchingthemovie, thefoodwasnotbad,either.
and nor butfor yet soor
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SubordinatingConjunctionscreateCOMPLEXsentences:
1.Ifeltfoolishbecause
2.Ifachipmunkspoketome,
3.Igetreallyangrywhen
4.AlthoughtomorrowisSaturday,
5.IcangoafterI
SUBORDINATINGCONJUNCTIONSHELPUSEXPLAINRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENOURIDEAS.Remembertheymaketheclausetheypairupwithunabletostandalone.
For And Nor But Or Yet So
Theseguysalsojoinideasbutthegrammargodscallthesecoordinatingconjunctions.Justmemorizethem.It'seasier...
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Whichisthebestsubordinateconjunctiontoplaceintheblank?
___________youhavenoteeth,youhavetoeatpizzafromablender.
Although
IfAfter
When
Because
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Drag the comma to the correct position.
2. The teacher delivered a lecture about attendance when the students arrived.
1. When the students arrived the teacher delivered a lecture about attendance.
,
#1Pull
deliveredalectureaboutattendance.
#2Pull
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Understandingsubordinateconjunctionsallowsyoutoveryyoursentencestructure:
whenthejudgeenteredthecourtroom
everyone stood
Pull
Pull
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VaryingYourSentenceStructureisthemarkofasophisticatedwriter.
Inthequoteitisaboutpoetry.Thefirstpartsays____.Thismeans____.Thesecondpartsays______.Thismeans_____.Thethirdpartsays______.Thismeans______.
OR
Engle'squoteexploresthedefinitionofpoetry.Inthebeginning,Englesuggeststhatpoetryis________,meaning_____.Hegoesontoexplainthatpoetryis_______.Englesuggestsherethat_____.Exploringtheideathatpoetryis_____,Engleconcludesthat_____.
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Createasentenceabout________withthreewords.
Createasentenceabout________withsixwords.
Createasentenceabout________withtenwords.
Createasentenceabout________withfifteenwords.
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Canyoufindtheerrorsinthisparagraph?Nowyouknowalittlemoreaboutsentence
types,fragments,andrunons.Iknowyouwillimprove.Withhoursofpractice.Itisnoteasyittakestimeyouwillbeabetterwriterasyoumastertheuseofsentences.Goodluck.
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Attachments
TypesofSentencesPresentation.ppt
Varying Sentence Structure
References
2001 by Ruth Luman
Adding Variety to Sentence Structure
To make your writing more interesting, you should try to vary your sentences in terms of length and structure. You can make some of your sentences long and others short. Read the two paragraphs on the next page.
Two Paragraphs
Read the paragraphs below. Choose the
paragraph that is more effective.
I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I dont like the traffic in the city.
I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country; however, I dont like the traffic in the city.
How do you vary sentence structure?
You will want to use a variety of sentence structures in your writing. There are three types of sentences we will study in this lesson:
- Simple Sentence
- Compound Sentence
- Complex Sentence
The Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject and a verb):
I live in San Francisco.
Subject
Verb
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together.
She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs.
Independent Clause
Independent Clause
Compound Sentence
You can make a compound sentence by joining two logically related independent clauses by using
- a semicolon
- a coordinating conjunction
- a transition
Using a Semicolon
Independent Clause ; Independent Clause
I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do.
Independent Clause
Independent Clause
Using a Coordinating Conjunction
Independent Clause ,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause
He couldnt watch the show , so he decided to tape it.
Independent Clause
Independent Clause
Coordinating Conjunctions
Logical RelationshipCoordinating Conjunction
AdditionAnd
ContrastBut, yet
ChoiceOr, nor
CauseFor
ResultSo
FANBOYS
For F
And A
Nor N
But B
Or O
Yet Y
So S
Another way to remember these is
CAUTION!
Do NOT use a comma every time you use the words and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet. Use a comma only when the coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses.
Independent Clause
No comma- not an independent clause
The necklace was beautiful but expensive.
Simple Sentence
Using a Transition
Independent Clause ; transition , Independent Clause
I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic.
Independent Clause
Independent Clause
John cannot set up his typewriter
because the wall has no outlet.
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
Subordinating Conjunction
Example- Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause.
She will go to school in the city
until she finds a job.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
Subordinating Conjunction
When I first moved to the city,
I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets.
Complex Sentences
Use a comma after a dependent clause if it begins the sentence.
Subordinating Conjunction
Independent Clause
Use a comma if the dependent clause is the first part of the sentence.
Practice Exercises
Now you are ready to practice what youve learned. Click the link below to return to Unit D. Print and complete the Practice Exercise on adding sentence structure variety to your writing. Check your answers with a tutor.
Correct!
Excellent! This sentence reads more smoothly
because it has more sentence structure variety.
I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country; however, I dont like the traffic in the city.
Simple Sentences
Compound/Complex Sentence
Complex Sentence
Im Sorry!
These sentence do not read as smoothly.
These sentences contain no sentence variety.
Simple Sentences
I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I dont like the traffic in the city.
RelationshipTransition
AdditionMoreover FurthermoreIn additionbesides
Reinforcement/EmphasisIndeedIn fact
ContrastHowever On the contraryIn contrast On the other hand
Result or EffectConsequently AccordinglyThus HenceTherefore As a result
Reinforcement/EmphasisIndeedIn fact
ExemplificationFor exampleFor instanceIn particular
ExemplificationFor exampleFor instanceIn particular
TimeMeanwhile (at the same time)Subsequently (after)Thereafter (after)
RelationshipTransition
References
PowerPoint Presentation by Ruth Luman: Modesto Junior College.
This project incorporates portions of copyrighted works. These items are included under the fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law and have been prepared according to the educational fair use guidelines. They are restricted from further use.
SMART Notebook
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