grammer handbook
TRANSCRIPT
Spanish 2 grammar handbook
Javier Colley
1. Que vs cual2. Ser3. Estar4. Gustar5. Transition6. Imperfect7. Irregular Imperfects8. Triggers9. Acabar de10. Hacer expressions11. Palabras transicional12. Verbos como gustar13. Reflexive14. Tu commands15. Afermative16. Negative17. Irregular 18. DOP and placement19. Preterite
Que vs Cual Que- the word que is when you are asking for a
definition, or definite something
Cual- cual is asking which is or which are
EX- Que es esto?
EX- cual es la fecha de tu cumpleanos.
Ser Ser- to be
It talks about when something is will forever be the same.
When you use it can be remembered with the acronym “DOCTOR PED.”
Descriptions
Origin
Characteristics
Time
Occupation
Relationships
Possession
Events
Dates
Estar Estar also means to be.
Estar is only for a period of time.
It can be remembered using the acronym HELPING
Health
Emotions
Location
Present condition
ING- Ar-ando ER-iendo IR-iendo
Gustar Me gusta(n)- it pleases me
Te gusta(n)-it pleases you
Le gusta(n)- it pleases he/she/Ud.
Nos gusta(n)-it pleases we
Les gusta(n)- it pleases us
To make negative a a“no” before the me/te/le/nos/les.
Transitions Primo
Luego
Tambien
y
Imperfect verbs
-aba -abamos
-abas
-aba aban
AR Conjugation
-ía -íamos
-ías
-ía -ían
ER/IR conjugation
Uses1. Ongoing action2. Repeated action 3. No definate beginning or end4. time-/date/age/feelings/descriptions5. Interrupted activities
Trigger words Todos los días
A menudo
A veces
Siempre
Cada día
Los lunes
GeneralmenteMientrasDe vez en cuandoMuchas vecesfrecuenmente
Ababa de Acaba de +infinitive is used to say you just did
something.
Ex acabo de ir al cine.
You are saying that you just went to the movies
You have to conjugate the acabar but don’t conjugate the infinitive.
Hacer expressions Hace + time + que + conjugated verb
How long have you been doing something?
Ex Hace tres dias que voy a la de espanol.
Hace + que + infinitaveWhat needs to be done?
Hace que estudiar, porque neceito una bueno nota en la clase de espanol.
Palabras transicional Tambien
Ahora
Primaro
Ni-ni
Despues
Por eso
Asi que
Entonecs
Verbos como gustar Falta- to lose something
Duele-to hurt
Facina-to facinate
Molesta- to annoy
All of these verbs are congagated the same way as gustar (p.4)
Reflexive Reflexive are verbs that the doer is doing it to ones self.
You can Identify these verbs by they have se on the end of them.
Ex: lavarse, to wash ones self.
When conjugating them, you conjugate them normally then add a object pronoun to the front. So if you were saying he washes himself. You would say se lava.
Tu commands Tu commands are used when giving commands to
someone you know or someone younger.
The forms are affirmative and negative
Affirmative The easy rule to conjugate verbs into the affirmative
form is drop the “s”
EX to conjugate the verb comer (to eat) you would have to conjugate it to comes then drop the “s” and make it come
Irregular Tu Commands Di………………..Decir
Haz……………..Hacer
Ve………………..Ir
Pon……………...Poner
Sal………………..Salir
Se…………………Ser
Ten………………Tener
Ven………………Venir
DOP and Placement The direct objects are
They are placed at the end of Verb.
If you wanted to say eat it. You would conjugate the verb comer to comelo or come lo.
Me
Te
Lo/La Los/Las
Preterite The preterite is another past tense verb form. It is
used when the action happened once.
This can often get mixed up with the imperfect form.
-AR -ER/IR
-é -Amos
-aste
-ó -Aron
-í -imos
-iste
-ió -ieron