graphic communication cad / cag revision. computer hardware processor input devices output devices...
TRANSCRIPT
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Graphic CommunicationGraphic Communication
CAD/CAG Revision
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ComputerComputer HardwareHardware
• Processor
• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Storage Devices
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CPUCPUCentral Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit
The computers ‘Brain’ A large micro chip
that controls the computer and carries out all the instructions and data handling
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Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
Input Devices
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KeyboardKeyboard
Used to input text and numbers into the computer
Esc F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12
~`
!1
@2
$4
%5
^6
&7
*8
(9
)0
+=
#3
Q W E R T Y
A S D F G H
Z X C V B
U I O P
J K L
N M
{[
}]
:;
"'
<,
>.
?/
Tab
Shift
Ctrl Alt
CapsLock
Alt Ctrl
Shift
Enter
Backspace Insert Home PageUp
Delete End PageDown
|\
7 8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
0 .
NumLock
Home PgUp
End PgDn
Ins Del
Enter
/ *
+
PrintScreen
ScrollLock Pause
ScrollLock
CapsLock
NumLock
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MouseMouse
Used to guide a pointer or cursor around the screen.
Functions are selected with the aid of the control buttons
Some mice have a wheel which is used for zoom and scrolling
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Tracker BallTracker Ball
This device is very similar to a mouse.
It is used where there is little desk space available for a mouse
The large ball is on the top of the device and is rotated using the palm of the hand
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JoystickJoystick
Used commonly for games
Used in many simulation situations. E.g. Flight and tank simulators
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Graphics TabletGraphics Tablet
Used for sketching or tracing drawings into a computer
Uses a puck or a pen to detect the exact position of the cursor on a drawing etc.
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Digital Stills CameraDigital Stills Camera
This camera stores the pictures it takes in digital form. These can the be downloaded to a computer for inclusion in a DTP document etc.
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ScannerScanner
Used to electronically convert paper images to to computer files.
Text can be scanned in using OCR (Optical
Character Recognition) software
Flat bed Scanner
Hand held Scanner
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Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
Output Devices
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Flatbed PlotterFlatbed Plotter
Only used by CAD programs
Produces line drawings
Page size is limited by size of plotter bed
Not suitable for printing pictures
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Drum PlotterDrum Plotter
Drum plotter are usually used in industry to produce large drawings (up to A0)
Paper moves back and forwards while pen moves from side to side
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Fax/ModemFax/Modem
A modem is both an input and output device
Data can be exchanged with drawing offices across the world electronically
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Storage DevicesStorage Devices
A PC usually has several methods of storing data on it. These may include a mixture of fixed and removable storage systems
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Floppy DiscFloppy Disc
Portable removable storage
Only holds 1.44 MB of data
Can be used in most computer systems
Easily damaged
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Hard DriveHard Drive
Large capacity storage Not portable – build
into base unit of computer
Fast saving and retrieval of data
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Zip DiscZip Disc
Similar to floppy disc but greater storage capacity (100 – 250 MB)
Portable Not all computers
have Zip drives
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CD RomCD Rom
High capacity portable storage
Needs a CD writer to store data
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CAD CommandsCAD Commands
You must know for your exam the following common CAD commands
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CAD Commands 1CAD Commands 1
An on screen grid which can be set to any size. Can make it easier to do orthographic drawings
An on screen grid which is set at 30 deg. Can make it easier to do Isometric drawings
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CAD Commands 2CAD Commands 2
This restricts the start and end points of lines to a predefined grid
This allows different types of information to be keep separate on a drawing
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CAD Commands 3CAD Commands 3
Allows a user to increase or decrease the screen view so that they can see more detail
Allows the drawing of rectangular shapes on screen
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CAD Commands 4CAD Commands 4
Allows the user to draw arcs and circles on screen
Allows the user to copy and position objects or parts of a drawing without having to redraw them
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CAD Commands 5CAD Commands 5
This allows the user to draw circular or rectangular arrangements from a single object
Fillet puts a radius on a corner (rounded)
Chamfer puts a 45 deg angle on a corner
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CAD Commands 6CAD Commands 6
Trim/Break removes an unwanted section of line, etc.
Extend makes a line, etc. longer (usually to meet another object)
This allows the user to turn an object at any angle about a point
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CAD Commands 7CAD Commands 7
This allows the user to change the size of an object
This flips an object about the horizontal or vertical axis
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Storage and retrieval
A completed drawing or series of drawings can be stored on hard drive, floppy disc, Zip disc or CD-R. These formats require less storage space than paper drawings. The drawings can then be printed as many times as required with no deterioration in quality.
Ease of modification
Companies who use CAG systems have advantages over competitors who rely on more traditional methods of modifying drawings. The ease and speed with which modifications can be made reduce time and costs, which in turn increases productivity.
Repetitive elements (library)
Drawings can contain a number of repetitive elements such as doors, windows, kitchen fittings and appliances. It is useful to have these items stored in a CAD library file. CAD library files are available for mechanical engineering, architecture and electronics. Items that you design need only be drawn once, saved to a library file, then retrieved and positioned each time they are required on a drawing. This saves time and effort, which increases productivity.
ADVANTAGES OF A CAG SYSTEM OVER A DRAWING BOARD 1
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ADVANTAGES OF A CAG SYSTEM OVER A DRAWING BOARD 2
Drawing speed
It does take a considerable amount of time and financial investment by companies to train their CAG operators. In relative terms, however, drawing production is much faster using CAG than using traditional methods, so the company will save time and money in the long run.
Standardisation of drawings
Standardisation of drawings is often determined by drawing standards such as 851. Standardisation of drawing layouts and styles can easily be created in the 'in-house' or corporate style adopted by the operator or the company.
Drawing size and flexibility
Drawings can be enlarged or reduced with no loss of detail. Extremely fine, detailed work can be produced using commands such as ZOOM. Positive location tools such as GRID, GRID SNAP and ATTACH enable accuracy to be maintained even in the smallest details.