GRAPHIC NOVEL DEVELOPMENT AS A READING MEDIA FOR

INCREASING LITERACY SKILL OF 8TH GRADE JUNIOR HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS

BY

I KOMANG TYAN FERDIAWAN

1712021068

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ART

GANESHA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

SINGARAJA

2021

“GRAPHIC NOVEL DEVELOPMENT AS A READING MEDIA FOR

INCREASING LITERACY SKILL OF 8TH GRADE JUNIOR HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS”

A Thesis

Has been proposed to

Ganesha University of Education

As One of the Requirements to Complete a Bachelor Degree

At English Language Education Program

BY:

I KOMANG TYAN FERDIAWAN

1712021068

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ART

GANESHA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

SINGARAJA

2021

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the writer would like to dedicate my praise and gratitude to

almighty God for the blessing and kindness in guiding and bring me to complete

this thesis entitled "Graphic Novel Development As A Reading Media For

Increasing Literacy Skill Of 8th Grade Junior High School Students" to fulfill the

pass requirements of S1 degree of English Language Education. In this most

incredible opportunity, the writer would like to thank the people who have

contributed and helped the writer finish this thesis. The writer would like to extend

his great appreciation and great gratitude to:

1. Prof. Dr. Ni Made Ratminingsih, M.A. as the first counselor, who gave great

guidances, ideas, suggestions as well as the correction to this thesis from the

beginning till the end of this research

2. Luh Diah Surya Adnyani, S.Pd., M.Pd. was the second counselor who patiently

guided, suggesting and motivating during the supervision period.

3. Ida Ayu Istri Made Utami, S.Pd., M.Pd, as my academic advisor and the one

who motivated me to write the research study with proper structure and on

time.

4. All English Language Education lecturers who have given the author

uncountable supervision and valuable knowledge over the past three and half

years,

5. I Made Suastika and Ni Made Anggreani, the researcher's beloved parents,

always give a ton of support to the writer, unconditional love, and blessed the

writer every day. Also, during the process of completing this research paper,

6. The researcher’s beloved brothers, Gede Juli Krisnawan and I Made Budi

Ariawan, always give financial support on the researcher’s worst day.

7. I Made Suantara, S.Pd., the headmaster of SMP Laboratorium Undiksha. He

had given permission, information, access, hospitality and enabled the author

to complete the data collection process in SMP Laboratorium Undiksha. An

English teacher in SMP Laboratorium Undiksha who had given hospitality,

information, and even advice to the writer on how to be a good teacher and also

good learners in the uncertain situation such as in pandemic situation,

8. Drs. I Wayan Ariasa, M.Pd.H, as the headmaster of SMPN 2 Sawan. He had

given permission, information, access, hospitality and enabled the author to

complete the data collection process in SMPN 2 Sawan. An English teacher in

SMPN 2 Sawan who had given hospitality, information, and even advice to the

writer on how to be a good teacher and also good learners in the uncertain

situation such as in pandemic situation,

9. The writers' lovely partner and enemy, Christania Wijaya, who always supports,

wishes, and even gives suggestion and encouragement to writers to complete

this research on time,

10. The writer's best friend, Dearya and Sastra who always gives so much story

and experiences during the process of completing this research,

11. The writer’s friends in Bold Class, HMPS PBI 18/19, HMJ BA 20/21, and

KKN Undiksha Desa Manduang 2019 who gave the writer a beautiful story

during the learning on the campus so that can stimulate the writer to finish this

thesis on time,

12. The DLC (Durian Learning House) members; Radit, Wiguna, Yoga, and

Jungde, who always motivated and gave the writer’s place to come home,

13. All amazing manga/manhwa, movies, and anime that the writer had watched

gave all inspiration during the process of research, especially One Piece,

Naruto, Bleach, Grand Blue, Jujutsu Kaisen, Chainsaw Man, Boku No Hero

Academia, Black Clover, Jagaaaan, Dr. Stone, Shumatsu No Valkry, Tokyo

Revengers, Solo Leveling, Promised Orchid, How to Fight, Mercenary

Enrollment, Pigpen, Spirited Away, Your Name and Weathering with You that

was such great masterpiece.

Finally, I believe and realize that there will be so many mistakes that I

had made in this study. Therefore, far from perfect, I have to read and learn more

about this research because it is still far from perfect. Besides, the other suggestion

and also criticism is appreciated and accepted for this research.

Singaraja,

I Komang Tyan Ferdiawan

TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. i

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... iv

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................... vi

LIST OF FIGURE .............................................................................................. viii

LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................ ix

LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1

1.1 Background ......................................................................................... 1

1.2 Research Problem................................................................................ 6

1.3 Research Objectives ............................................................................ 7

1.4 Research Significance ......................................................................... 7

1.4.1 Theoretical Significance.................................................... 7

1.4.2 Practical Significance ........................................................ 8

1.5 Limitation of Study ............................................................................ 8

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................... 9

2.1 Theoretical Review ............................................................................ 9

2.2.1 Literacy .............................................................................. 9

2.2.2 Adolescents ........................................................................ 12

2.2.3 Graphic Novel .................................................................... 17

2.2 Empirical Review ................................................................................ 25

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ........................................................... 30

3.1 Research Design .................................................................................. 30

3.1.1 Analysis .............................................................................. 30

3.1.2 Design ................................................................................ 31

3.1.3 Development ...................................................................... 31

3.1.4 Evaluation .......................................................................... 31

3.2 Design and Development Procedures ................................................. 31

3.2.1 Analysis .............................................................................. 32

3.2.2 Design ................................................................................ 32

3.2.3 Development ...................................................................... 32

3.2.4 Evaluation .......................................................................... 33

3.3 Subject and Object of Study ................................................................ 33

3.4 Method and Data Collection ............................................................... 34

3.5 Instrument of Data Collection Process ................................................ 36

3.6 Data Analysis Process ......................................................................... 38

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION ................................................ 40

4.1 Findings ............................................................................................... 40

4.1.1 Analysis .............................................................................. 40

4.1.2 Design ................................................................................ 51

4.1.3 Development ...................................................................... 53

4.1.4. Evaluation ......................................................................... 63

a. Content Validity Judgement ................................... 63

b. Quality Validity Judgement .................................... 70

4.2 Discussions .......................................................................................... 74

CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............... 81

5.1 Summary ............................................................................................. 81

5.2 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 84

5.3 Suggestion ........................................................................................... 85

REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 87

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 3.1 Design and Development design of ADDE model. ............................. 31

Figure 4.1 Sketching Process ................................................................................ 54

Figure 4.2 Outlining Process ................................................................................. 55

Figure 4.3 Colouring Process ................................................................................ 56

Figure 4.4 Giving Motion and Effect Process ....................................................... 57

Figure 4.5 Bubbling Process ................................................................................. 58

Figure 4.6 Texting Process .................................................................................... 59

Figure 4.7 Converting Original File into JPEG File ............................................. 60

Figure 4.8 Combining File into PDF..................................................................... 61

Figure 4.9 Final Product ........................................................................................ 62

LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1 Method of the data collection process and its instruments ................... 37

Table 3.2 The categories in rating the quality of a product by Nurkancana &

Sunartana (1992) ................................................................................................... 39

Table 4.1 The Analysis of Eighth Grade Junior High School English Syllabus... 44

Table 4.2 Graphic Novel’s Blueprint .................................................................... 51

Table 4.3 Gregory Formula for Content Validity ................................................. 63

Table 4.4 The Result of Cover Revision ............................................................... 65

Table 4.5 The Result of Page Number .................................................................. 66

Table 4.6 The Revision of Sentence ..................................................................... 68

Table 4.7 The Revision of Glossary ...................................................................... 69

Table 4.8 The Criteria in Rating the Quality of Product ....................................... 70

Table 4.9 The Accumulated Score of Each Criteria in Nurkancana & Sunartana

Formula ................................................................................................................. 73

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Observation Sheet Blueprint and the Result of Observation Sheet 93

Appendix 2. Teacher Interview Guide Blueprint and Result ..............................98

Appendix 3. Result of Document Analysis and Graphic Novel Blueprint .........105

Appendix 4. Expert Judgement Sheet Blueprint .................................................114

Appendix 5. Result of Quality and Content Validity ..........................................125

Appendix 6. The Result of Users Quality Review (Teachers) ..........................133

Appendix 7. The Result of Users Quality Review (Students) ............................134

Appendix 8. The Final Product of Graphic Novel (sample) ...............................136

Appendix 9. Letter of Permission (SMA Laboratorium Undiksha) ....................141

Appendix 10. Letter of Permission (SMPN 2 Sawan) ........................................142