A forces that account for the

arousal, selection, direction, and

continuation of behaviour.

Motivational forces was studied to help explain an observed changes in behaviour that occus in

an individual.

Derived from Latin term 'motivus' (a moving cause).

Motivation

Operant ConditioningSocial Learning Theory

Behavioural Views of

Motivation

Skinner developed the technique of programmed instruction to make it possible for students to be reinforced for every correct response.Students are motivated to complete a task being promised a reward.

Effect or Reinforcement

Attention to the importance of observation, imitation and vicarious reinforcement.Direct reinforcement can rasie an individual's sense of self-efficacy for any task.

Power of Persuasive

Model

Cognitive View of Motivation

Human behaviour is influenced by way of thinking about themselves and their environment.

Individuals will repeatedly use new schemes because

of the desire to master their environment.

Need for achievement - A global, generalized desire

to attain goals that require some degree of

competence.

Jean Piaget's principles of equilibration,

assimilation, accomodation and schema formation.

Glasser (1990) argues that for a person to succeed in

life they must first experience success in one

part of their life such as school.

Maslow introduces a five-level hierarchy of needs.

The lower a need is in the hierarchy, the greater is its strength. People will stop

trying to satisfy the higher level when they are focus on satisfying the lower level

need.

The first four - physiology, safety, belongingness and love, and esteem

(deficiency needs)Self-actualization (growth need)

Humanistic View

of Matovation

Maslow’s Theory