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Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII Total war Involved 60 nations and 6 continents

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Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII Total war Involved 60 nations and 6 continents. Cost of War $400 billion $10 million dollars an hour 16 million deaths First war of the Industrial Revolution …… New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting. world map. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

•Great War or War to End all War

•Not called WWI until after WWII•Total war

•Involved 60 nations and 6 continents

Page 2: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Cost of War•$400 billion

•$10 million dollars an hour16 million deaths

•First war of the Industrial Revolution……

New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting

Page 3: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

world map

Page 4: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war
Page 5: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war
Page 6: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war
Page 7: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war
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FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchers

Page 11: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Poison Gas

Machine Gun

Page 12: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Trench Warfare

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Trench Warfare

“No Man’s Land”

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Page 16: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

CAUSES OF THE WAR

Page 17: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Nationalism•Countries proud of their

heritage and culture•Similar to patriotism

•Ethnic groups of similar heritage wanted to free their oppressed brethren and unite their people into one country

•Germany wanted to expand its culture and political influence

throughout Europe.

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Imperialism •France, Great Britain, Germany

and Russia were establishing colonies in Africa and Asia

•economic and political control over other countries……•these countries were in competition for colonies

Page 20: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Cartoon-European grab

bagEuropean nations competing for colonies around the

world…..Imperialism

Page 21: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Militarism•European nations began

an arms race as they competed for colonies

around the world

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Page 23: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Militarism & Arms Race

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 191494 130 154 268 289 398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, British and Russia] in

millions of dollars.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense

ExpendituresFrance 10%Britain 13%Russia 39%

Germany

73%By 1906, President Roosevelt had built the US Navy into

the 3rd largest naval fleet in the world….

The Great White Fleet

Page 24: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Alliances•European nations began forming

military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of

power ……..

Triple Alliance Triple EntenteCentral Powers Allied PowersGermany Great Britain Austria-Hungary Empire FranceBulgaria Russia

Page 25: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Two Armed Camps!Allied Powers Central

PowersGreat Britain

France

Russia

Italy

Germany

Austrian-Hungarian Empire

Turkey

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alliances1

• Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled

several ethnic groups.• Serbian nationalists wanted to unite Serbs

who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia.• This led to the

assassination of the Archduke Franz

Ferdinand.

Saravejo

Page 27: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

Archduke Franz Ferdinand His assassination June 28, 1914

eventually led to WWI.Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the

Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who

lived under Austrian rule.

Franz Ferdinand’s funeral procession

franz

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (6/28/14)

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alliances1

1. June 28Assassination at Sarajevo

2. July 27Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

3. July 30Russia began mobilization

4. August 1Germany declared war on Russia, an ally of Serbia

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alliances2

5. August 3Germany declared war on France, invades Belgium

6. August 4 Great Britain declared war on Germany

7. August 6Russia and Austria/Hungary at war.

8. August 12Great Britain declared war on Austria/Hungary

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battle fronts

• German invasion in August of 1914, through Belgium to

conquer France.• Gave French and British

militaries enough time to mobilize their army

• Belgium puts up a strong fight.

• 1st Battle of the Marne River, France and Great Britain stop

Germany from capturing Paris.

• France, England and Germany involve itself in

trench warfare from 1914 to 1918

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battle fronts

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Stalemate By September 1914, the war

had reached a stalemate. Both sides holed up in

trenches separated by an empty “no man’s land.” Small gains in land resulted in huge numbers of human casualties.

Both sides continued to add new allies, hoping to gain an advantage.

Modern Warfare Neither soldiers nor officers

were prepared for the new, highly efficient killing machines

Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to attack the enemy.

As morale fell, the lines between soldiers and civilians began to blur. The armies began to burn fields, kill livestock, and poison wells.

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•Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but…………..it was

in Europe.•US was officially NEUTRAL

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The effect of the war upon the United States will depend upon what American citizens say and do. Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all

concerned.

The people of the United States are drawn from many nations, and chiefly from the nations now at war. It is natural and

inevitable that there should be the utmost variety of sympathy. Some will wish one nation, others another, to succeed in the

momentous struggle. I venture, therefore, my fellow countrymen, the United States must be neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days

that are to try men's souls. wilson neutrality1

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Close to 35% of pop. foreign born or 1st generation Americans (2 or 1 foreign-born parents)

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notes2

•US believed • It had the right to trade

with the warring nations • Warring nations must

respect our neutrality • in the freedom of the seas

• German submarine warfare and British blockade violated our neutrality

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Effects of Allied blockade

• 1914, $70 million in trade with Central powers

• 1916, trade reduced to $1.3 million

Allied trade • Grew from $825 million to

$3.2 billion in same time period

• WWI transformed the US from a debtor to a

creditor nation

Page 39: Great  War  or  War to End all War Not called  WWI  until after  WWII Total war

•The Germans could not match Great Britain's superior navy.

•Germans introduced unrestricted submarine warfare with U-Boats

•Germans warned the world they would sink any ship they believed was carrying contraband to Great

Britain.

Submarine Warfare

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U-Boats

• By 1918, Germans had sunk 6,500 allied ships.

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Lusitania ad

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Lusitania

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war zone

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Sussex Sunk: led to Sussex Pledge in March

1916. Germany promised not to sink

anymore ships.war zone

X

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Wilson Prepares for War

Told War Dept to increase military planning

National Defense Act (6/1916)– Increased size of army to 175,000

Construction of 50 warships approved

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Election of 1916

Charles Evans Hughes

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zimmerman code

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zimmerman code

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The February Revolution

• Nicolas II of Russia abdicates throne

• Republican govt in power

• US doesn't’t have to ally itself w/ despotic monarchy

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April 8, 1917, the US declares war on Germany.

The new German policy has swept every restriction aside. Vessels of every kind….have been ruthlessly

sent to the bottom without warning and without thought of help or mercy for those on board….The present

German submarine war…..is a war against all nations….Our motive will not be revenge or the

victorious assertion of the physical might of the nation, but on the vindication of right, of human right….

We are…..the sincere friends of the German people…..We shall, happily, still have an opportunity to prove that friendship in our daily attitude and actions

towards the millions of men and women of

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German birth and native sympathy who live amongst us and share our life…... There are……many months of

fiery trial and sacrifice ahead of us. It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most

terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in the balance.

But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried

nearest our hearts……democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own

Governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right…..as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the

world safe for democracy.

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To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who know

that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the

principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured.

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•Peace w/o victory•war to end all war

•The world must be safe for democracy.

•defend human rights•defend our trade

•neutrality • freedom of the seas

• Self-determination for all nations

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Red October

• Bolshevik Revolution

• Lenin• Civil War• Nov 1917: Russia

out of war